HEETCM302 Hydraulics & Pneumatics Lab 1: Component Study Report

This assignment focuses on the study of various pneumatic and hydraulic components using a fluid system display board. It includes sketches, diagrams, and explanations of components like single and double-acting cylinders, pressure regulators, flow control valves, filters, control valves, and pumps. The study extends to the components of a compressor, detailing the functions of the air cleaner, valves, cylinder, pistons, cooling radiator, and reservoir tank. Furthermore, the pneumatic system is explored with a diagrammatical representation and component identification, followed by an analysis of hydraulic pumps, specifically gear pumps, piston pumps, vane pumps, and screw pumps, highlighting their working mechanisms and components. The assignment also includes the pneumatic system structure with signal flow from bottom to top control chain SPA principle-Sensor, Processor, Actuator and IPO Principle Input, Processing, Output, Energy Supply -Through tubing and Piping.

Course HEETCM302
Hydraulics and Pneumatics Lab1
Title: Study of Different Pneumatic and Hydraulic Components
Objective:Study the construction and function of different components of hydraulic and
pneumatic system using fluid system display board
PART: ONE
A sketch and a representation diagram for 10 Components of Display Board.
Compo
nent
Name
Single
acting
cylinder
Double acting
cylinder
Pressure
regulators
Flow control
valve
Filter
Type Power level-
Working
element
Power level-
Working
element
Energy
supply
Logic level-
Control
Energy
supply
Draw a
Free
Sketch
identifyi
ng
differen
t parts
Explain
working
principl
e of the
compon
ent
using
sketch
The piston
moves in
only one
direction
when a
hydraulic
force is
The piston
moves in either
of the two ways
by help of the
forced hydraulic
fluid inside of
the cylinder
barrel that push
A valve that
has a
predetermine
d set release
or close
pressure, just
below a
critical
A valve that has
a pre-set flow
release rate under
certain
conditions to
control the
working of the
hydraulic
A
component
that sieves
out any dirt
and
contaminants
in the
hydraulic oil

applied and
from one
end (inlet
port). It
restores back
to the
default
position by
help of a
loaded
spring.
the piston. It can
push and retract
by the help of
hydraulics.
pressure that
open or
closes to ease
excessive
build up to
avoid
pressure in
the system
that can
rupture or
damage
components
such as
hydraulic
hose lines.
Some come
with readout
interfaces for
easy
monitoring
too.
components on
the working end
in the
system.
Symbol
Compo
nent
Name
Control valves Pump Actuators Quick
exhaust
valve/flow
1-way flow
control valve

control/che
ck valve
Type Control level-
logic
Energy supply Control level-
logic
Control
level-logic
Power level-
working
element
Draw a
Free
Sketch
identify
ing
differen
t parts
Explain
workin
g
principl
e of the
compon
ent
using
sketch
Valves that
move to either
open or close
ports where
hydraulic oil
bleeds through
to achieve the
back and forth
movements in a
hydraulic
cylinder.
A mechanical
system that is
driven to
pressurize the
hydraulic oil
used in the
system.
The actual
control
mechanisms
move the
control valve to
the desired
position to
achieve the
precise
movements
within the
hydraulic
cylinder
pistons.
A valve
that
restricts
flow of the
hydraulic
fluid under
different
situations
depending
on the
direction of
flow and
conditions
applied.
A non-return
valve that only
allows
hydraulic fluid
to flow in one
direction.
Symbol

PART2: STUDY OF COMPONENT OF COMPRESSOR
A Piton Compressor
Working mechanisms of a piston compressor
Schematic flow of a piston compressor
Component and functions.
1. Air cleaner- fitted at the point of air entry. It filters particulates or dust as air enters the
compressor
2. Valves- the two-one way valves are mechanically operated by the pressure changes
within the cylinder. The inlet port open in to let the air as the outlet closes during the
intake stroke and the vice versa happens: the inlet port closes and the outlet port opens to
allow air to be sent to the cooling radiator and finally to the storage tank for
accumulation.

3. Cylinder- the cylinder houses the pistons and is lined with fins that help in cooling as the
pumps compresses air.
4. Pistons- the part is connected to the crankshaft via the connecting rod. As the crankshaft
rotates, the piston moves up and down to suck in air during the down stroke and
compression on the upstroke.
5. Cooling radiator- compressing air results to a rise in its temperature. Therefore, the need
to cool the hot air to ambient temperature.
6. Reservoir tank- the tank is used to accumulate air and create a steady pressure supply to
PART3: STUDY OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
A diagrammatical representation f the hydraulic system

Components key

PART 4: STUDY OF HYDRAULIC PUMP
A gear pump uses two-toothed wheels that mesh creating a compressed region that pressurizes
the hydraulic fluid as it exits from the outlet port. A motor drives one gear while the idle gear
follows in the counter-rotation direction.
The pump is ideal for such applications that use viscous fluids to operate such as the hydraulic
oil.
A gear hydraulic pump
Different component of Piston Pump, Vane Pump and Screw Pump.
1. Piston pump
The pump uses pistons that move up and down in a cylinder and with a help of two one-way
valve serving as the inlet and the outlet. Air is sucked in through the inlet via an air cleaner, it is
compressed and sent to a reservoir tank that helps in pressure accumulation. A crankshaft is
turned by a gasoline engine or motor drives the piston.
2. Vane pump

The pump uses one or more vanes mounted on to a rotor inside a pump casing. The vanes can be
of variable length or designed in an offset manner. As the vanes turn in contact with the pump
cavity, air getting in through the inlet gets compressed in the air tight cavity as it exits through
the outlet to a cooling radiator and finally to a storage tank.
3. Screw pump
The pump employs the use of two screw-like rotors that mesh to create an airtight combination
enclosed in a pump case. As air gets in through the inlet, it squeezes in between the screw rotors
and they rotate, they compress the air that comes out through the outlet port pressurized to the
cooling radiator and for accumulation into to a storage tank.