Hepatitis B: Pathophysiology, Management, and Entecavir Pharmacology

Desklib offers past papers and solved assignments. This presentation explores Hepatitis B, its pathophysiology, and Entecavir's role.

HEPATITIS B
PHARMACOLOGY

INTRODUCTION
 This assignment deals with explaining
the physiological functioning of the
gastrointestinal system as well
explaining the importance of this system
in body functioning and homeostasis.
 The later part of presentation discusses
hepatitis B and its management.
 Also the pharmacology of Entecavir will
be discussed in this presentation.

GASTROINTESTINAL
SYSTEM
 Gastrointestinal system is a tract that
consist of different organs that are
joined together from mouth to anus.
 The main function of digestive system in
human body is of digestion and
absorption (McMahon., 2014).

HEPATITIS B
 Hepatitis B is referred to as
the viral infection of the liver
that causes scaring on the
liver (Trépo, Chan and Lok.,
2014.)
 According to WHO it is a viral
infection that can cause both
acute and chronic disease.
 Estimated around 257
million people in world are
living with hepatitis B.

PATHOPHISIOLOGY
 Hepatitis B is a rare known para retrovirus
that has a short lifespan.
 The virus uses reverse transcription
mechanism for its replication.
 The virus in this disease gets entry into
human body through open wound, blood
transfusion or transfusion of body fluids.
 The virus then attacks the cells inside and
replicates in number (Gish et al., 2015).

MANAGEMENT
 Antiviral therapy
entecavir
tenofovir
lamivudine
adefovir
telbivudine
 Interferon injections
 Alfa 2b
 Liver transplant

ENTECAVIR
 Entrcavir is an antiviral drug.
It belongs to the class of drugs that are
under hepatitis B virus nucleoside
reverse.
It is used to treat long term hepatitis and
infection caused by virus.
It is an ante retroviral medication (Tang,
Yau, and Yu., 2014).

MECHANISM OF ACTION
 It is a nucleoside analog.
 More specifically it is
deoxyguonosine analogue
that is classified under the
carbocyclic nucleoside class
(Tang, Yau, and Yu., 2014).
 The main action of this drug
is to inhibit reverse
transcription mechanism of
replication of viral DNA.

PHARMACOLOGY
 Route of administration
Oral
 Indication
Chronic hepatitis, hepatitis B
 Contraindication
Pregnancy, pediatric patient
 Side effects
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, temporary hair loss,
headache, fatigue etc. (Patton and Tran., 2014).

PHARMACOKINETICS
 Entecavir had mean terminal half life
range from 128 to 149 hours (Wang and
Chen., 2014).
 It has effective half life of 24 hours.
 It is absorbed in blood through GUT.
 Elimination of the drug is predominantly
through renal pathway (Ahn et al.,
2016).

RELEVANCE TO CURRENT
PRACTICE
 Education and awareness
 Avoid unsafe sex
 No use of illegal drugs
 Education about vaccination