Heuristic Search Method Analysis and Review: MITS5509 Research Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of a research paper titled "A Novel Heuristic Search Method for Two-level Approximate Logic Synthesis." The paper explores the application of heuristic search methods in optimizing two-level logic systems to reduce area, control, and delay in computing circuits. The report details the paper's objectives, which include evaluating heuristic search techniques for addressing errors in these systems. It outlines the research methods employed, including qualitative research design, an inductive approach, and secondary data collection through literature reviews. The report highlights key issues such as addressing errors and limitations in previous techniques, particularly the ability to handle multiple-output circuits. The paper's findings and discussions focus on the development of speed-up techniques to manage errors and enhance the efficiency of the developed programs. The conclusion emphasizes the effectiveness of heuristic search methods in error detection and runtime reduction, and recommends their implementation in companies. This report summarizes the paper's structure, methodologies, and results, offering insights into the application and significance of heuristic search methods in the field of intelligent systems.

PAPER 0
Heuristic Search Methods
Article name: S., Su, C., Zou, W., Kong, J. Han and, W., Qian, “A Novel Heuristic Search
Method for Two-level Approximate Logic Synthesis,” IEEE Transactions on Computer-
Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 12-18, 2019.

PAPER 1
Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................2
The intention of the article...........................................................................................................................2
Research methods........................................................................................................................................3
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................3
Research design.......................................................................................................................................3
Research approach...................................................................................................................................3
Data gathering.........................................................................................................................................4
Data analysis...........................................................................................................................................4
Issues highlighted........................................................................................................................................4
Results and discussions...............................................................................................................................5
Conclusion of the paper...............................................................................................................................5
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................5
References...................................................................................................................................................6

PAPER 2
Introduction
Heuristic search is a kind of AI technology that has the ability to resolve an issue faster than
traditional techniques and helps to lead the accuracy and effectiveness of the developed systems.
A heuristic is a kind of function which is used to evaluate information and develop effective
decisions and look at search algorithms. It is found that the heuristic search method is able to
produce effective solutions that can help to enhance the effectiveness of the developed programs.
The aim of the report is to determine the concept behind the heuristic search method and review
a paper related to the research topic. The title of the chosen paper is “A Novel Heuristic Search
Method for Two-level Approximate Logic Synthesis”. The major identification behind the paper
is to identify the heuristic exploration technique used for two-level logic systems. This report
will describe the intention of the paper, methods adopted, issues evaluated and so on.
The intention of the article
The chosen article was provided by Sanbao and other writers for evaluating the concept behind
the heuristic search method [1]. It is reported that the heuristic search method is capable to
decrease area, control and postponement of computing circuits by evaluating effective
approaches and techniques. The writers provided a way to evaluate the heuristic search method
used for two-level logic syntheses. The major research problematic is to determine an estimated
SOP look under a provided error degree that can be handled through a heuristic search method. If
an error has occurred in the system then heuristic search method can be used in order to reduce
errors and lead the overall effectiveness of the system [2].
According to the writers, for measuring and determining errors from the computing circuits
numerous kinds of metrics are proposed such as worst-case error, mean total mistake and so on.
This paper included systematic literature that helped to gather reliable information and facts in
regards to the heuristic search method. It is found that the major problem associated with the
previous techniques is that they are developed for performing single-output circuits [3].
However, the presence of the heuristic search technique can help the developers to implement
multiple-output circuits and manage errors in an appropriate manner.

PAPER 3
In the preliminaries section, the writers determined numerous definitions related to the logic
syntheses. It is assumed that the Boolean purpose is significantly stated without any upkeeps.
There are numerous examples highlighted in the paper that helped to explain heuristic search
methods effectively and reduced the research concerns significantly. The writers reported various
speed-up techniques including progressive error reduction, limiting the processed SOP, and
many more [4]. The experimental results are also included in the paper that helped to improve
skills in respects to the heuristic search method.
Research methods
Introduction
The research methodology is a important section of the investigation that brings a way to
complete the investigation with better results and within the desired period. Numerous kinds of
techniques and methodologies are adopted in the paper including research design, approach, data
gathering and data analysis techniques. The presence of effective methodologies helps the writer
to manage research gaps and enhance the research quality in an appropriate manner.
Research design
The key significance of the research design is to develop effective strategies and plans by which
complete research can be done with better outcomes. Numerous kinds of designs could be used
in investigations such as qualitative and quantitative [5]. In the chosen paper, the qualitative
design is accepted due to their aptitude to deliver theoretical information about the heuristic
search method. The presence of such methodology helped the writer to obtain significant
information in the paper and provided significant plans and approaches.
Research approach
It is originated that two types of methods may be included in the educations such as inductive
and deductive approaches. In this paper, the inductive method is accepted due to their capability
to deliver depth information about research topic [6]. The attendance of such approach helped
the writer to develop and implement effective theorems related to heuristic search method and
also implemented effective points in the paper. So, it is reported that using the inductive
approach, the writers managed investigation gaps and provided depth info in the entire paper.

PAPER 4
Data gathering
It is reported that data collection is a key unit of the practice that has the aptitude to reduce and
enhance research quality. It is found that two kinds of techniques are added in the data collection
such as primary and secondary [7]. In the chosen paper, secondary data and facts are included by
the writer that supported to reduce research problems and attained research objectives. Moreover,
a literature survey is included that delivered effective information about heuristic search method
and reviewed the findings of recent papers. For gathering secondary data, the writers included
numerous sources such as peer-reviewed papers, online books, theorems and websites. So, using
such methods and techniques the writers included significant points and examples related to the
heuristic search method.
Data analysis
In the chosen paper statistical analysis method is utilized by the authors that helped to evaluate
and review the gathered data and facts related to heuristic search method and managed the
research concerns. Using such practice, the authors obtained effective findings and outcomes in
the paper and also achieved research goals in an appropriate manner. Moreover, Excel software
is included that provided a way to represent the gathered data into the flow charts and graphical
forms which significantly increased the research quality by addressing problems and challenges.
Therefore, it is reported that the presence of such methods and approaches are beneficial that
helped to complete the research within time along with the significant outcomes.
Issues highlighted
The major problem highlighted by the authors is to determine an approximate SOP expression
within a provided error rate. It is determined that the previous methods are not capable to provide
multiple-output circuits which is a key issue that can be addressed using heuristic search method
due to their ability to provide significant techniques to address problems and errors [8]. The
researchers also highlighted and reviewed the ALS problems along with the Boolean relation
issues effectively. Therefore, all these are major issues and challenges highlighted by the writers
and provided depth information about heuristic search method and managed such issues
significantly.

PAPER 5
Results and discussions
It is found that the heuristic search method is a significant process that can be used for finding
errors and enhancing the effectiveness of the developed systems. The planned four speed-up
methods those are capable to handle issues and errors and provide appropriate solutions. The
basic concept of the proposed technique is to determine an ideal set of input mixtures for 0 to 1
output complements. The experimental outcomes indicated that the developed technique is
significant and appropriate as compared to traditional and previous errors. It is found that for an
error rate with a threshold value of 0.8%, the proposed heuristic search technique can decrease
15.8% literals on regular.
Conclusion of the paper
From the preferred paper, it can be concluded that the heuristic search method is a reliable
technique that can be used to manage errors in an appropriate manner. This research delivered a
way to improve services about heuristic search method and proposed four speed-up techniques
that helped to enhance the effectiveness of the programs by managing errors. The chosen article
is related to the research and unit topic where the writers provided their viewpoints about the
heuristic search method and implement effective techniques and strategies.
Conclusion
It can be summarized that the heuristic search method is able to detect errors from the systems
and reliably reduce the runtime. This report reviewed a journal article which is related to the
heuristic search technique and identified the methods and systems used by the writers. It is found
that the authors provided depth information about heuristic search technique and proposed four
speed-up techniques for decreasing the runtime from the programs. So, it is suggested that
companies should include heuristic search method due to their ability to lead the effectiveness of
developed programs by addressing errors and other problems. In footings of efficiency, the
chosen paper is more operative and significant that highlighted each and every point related to
the heuristic search method.

PAPER 6
References
[1].S., Su, C., Zou, W., Kong, J. Han and, W., Qian, “A Novel Heuristic Search Method for
Two-level Approximate Logic Synthesis,” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided
Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 12-18, 2019.
[2].D.S., Sidhu, J.S. Dhillon and, D., Kaur, “Hybrid heuristic search method for design of
digital IIR filter with conflicting objectives,” Soft Computing, vol. 21, no. 12, pp.3461-
3476, 2017.
[3].H.T., Kahraman, S. Aras and, E., Gedikli, “Fitness-distance balance (FDB): a new
selection method for meta-heuristic search algorithms,” Knowledge-Based Systems, vol.
190, no. 6, p.105169, 2020.
[4].M. Singh and, J.S., Dhillon, “Multiobjective thermal power dispatch using opposition-
based greedy heuristic search,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy
Systems, vol. 82, no. 6, pp.339-353, 2016.
[5].R., Wang, C. Wang and, G., Liu, “A novel graph clustering method with a greedy
heuristic search algorithm for mining protein complexes from dynamic and static PPI
networks,” Information Sciences, vol. 522, no. 6, pp.275-298, 2020.
[6].X., Lu, J., Cui, Y., Dong, W., Wang, R., Ma, Y. Li and, Q., Feng, “A Forward Chaining
Heuristic Search with Spatio-Temporal Control Knowledge,” In International Workshop
on Structured Object-Oriented Formal Language and Method, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 141-
154, 2019.
[7].N.S., Hamzehkolaei, M. Miri and, M., Rashki, “An enhanced simulation-based design
method coupled with meta-heuristic search algorithm for accurate reliability-based design
optimization,” Engineering with Computers, vol. 32, no, 3, pp.477-495, 2016.
[8].L., Demir, A.C., Diamantidis, D.T., Eliiyi, M.E. O'Kelly and, S., Tunali, “Optimal buffer
allocation for serial production lines using heuristic search algorithms: a comparative
study,” International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, vol. 33, no. 2,
pp.252-270, 2019.