HI6007: Statistical Analysis of Australian Exports (2004-2015)

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HI6007- Statistics and Research
Methods for Business Decision
Making
Assessment 2
1

Solution 1
(a) Use an appropriate graphical technique to compare the value of Australian
exports (in A$ bn) in 2004-05 and 2014-15, broken down by country of export
destination.
Country 2004-05 2014-15
China $15.90 $90.30
Japan $28.20 $46.60
United States $13.90 $20.50
Republic of
Korea
$11.00 $20.50
India $7.10 $12.70
New Zealand $12.20 $12.30
Singapore $5.80 $12.00
United
Kingdom
$9.20 $8.60
Subtotal $103.30 $223.50
The above graphical technique is stating the Australian exports in other countries in the
context of export. As it is analysed from the above table that as compared to 2004-2005
and 2014-2015, Australia has increased its export activities with China and Japan as
compared to all other countries and it is analysed that Australia has increased its
exports activities by $74.4 with China in 2014-2015 as compared to 2004-2005 and
$44.4 with Japan. The Australian exporters have increased their exports with every
country in 2015 as compared to 2005, but it seems some decreases rate in export
activities with the United Kingdom. These export activities with New Zealand remains
constant in 2004-2005 and 2014-2015. Further, it is analysed that Singapore is
increased by $ 6.20 as compare to 2004-2005, this states that this country also
developing effective trade relations which help in maximising the economic conditions of
both these countries.
The main motive of both countries is to enhance trade relations which help in
developing a better impact on society. The export activities help in maximising the
growth of the business. From the above table, it can be analysed that China and Japan
are two foremost countries which are importing and exporting goods and services from
Australian sub-portal exporters.
2

China Japan United
States Republic
of Korea India New
Zealand Singapore United
Kingdom
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
2004-05 2014-15
The above graph presenting the percentage of export activities of the Australian market
with some major global countries. The graph stating the maximum percentage of export
activities with China and Japan. China has gained the percentage of its exports with
China in the high rate of approx. $74.4 whereas on the other hand, the United Kingdom
seems to be a reduction in export activities with the Australian market by approx. $0.60.
All other countries such as India, US, NZ, Singapore and the Republic of Korea has
gained its exports activities within an average of $6 AUD. The graph report explores that
all other countries have face downfall in export percentage rates which shows that these
countries are decreasing their trade relations with Australia. The chart stating that China
and Japan have mainly developed its strong export relationship with Australian export
market. This helpfully stating that both these countries have covered more than 45% of
the export market of Australia, where China is the biggest trade dealer as compared to
Japan and other top trade countries.
(b) Use an appropriate graphical technique to compare the percentage value of
Australian exports (in %) in 2004-05 and 2014-15, broken down by country of
export destination.
Country 2004-
05
2014-15
China 15% 40%
Japan 27% 21%
United States 13% 9%
Republic of
Korea
11% 9%
India 7% 6%
New Zealand 12% 6%
Singapore 6% 5%
3

United
Kingdom
9% 4%
The above table exploring the % of every country which is specified as per the
Australian export activities. The above figures showing the rate of percentage increases
or decreases as compared to 2004-2005 and 2014-2015. As it was already analysed
that China has increased its export activities with China by 40%, which seems to be
higher as compared to the other 7 countries. Further, it was analysed that Japan is the
second country which has increased its exports with the Australian market by 21%. The
Indian market has increased by 6% as compared to 2004-2005 and 2014-2015. This
graph state that enhancing exporting activities will influence the social, environmental
and political impact on the society and develop better trade relation with other countries.
China Japan United
States Republic
of Korea India New
Zealand Singapore United
Kingdom
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
2004-05 2014-15
4

(c) Comment your observations in parts (a) and (b)
Country 2004-05 2014-15 Percentage
change
China $
15.90
$
90.30
25%
Japan $
28.20
$
46.60
-6%
United States $
13.90
$
20.50
-4%
Republic of
Korea
$
11.00
$
20.50
-2%
India $
7.10
$
12.70
-1%
New Zealand $
12.20
$
12.30
-6%
Singapore $
5.80
$
12.00
-1%
United
Kingdom
$
9.20
$
8.60
-5%
Subtotal $
103.30
$
223.50
The above table reflecting on the percentage of Australian exports rate of every country
as it is analysed from the above graphical representation that China has increased its
percentage change by 25% which reflects that Australian market has developed its
effective trade relation with China as compared to other global countries. The graph
report explores that all other countries have face downfall in export percentage rates
which shows that these countries are decreasing their trade relations with Australia. As
compared to 2004-2005 and 2014-2015 the Overall $AUD increases from $103 to $223.
This state that China has developed an effective trade relation with the Australian
market. Further looking into the graph Japan has decreased its overall percentage of
exporting with Australia up to 6%. India has reduced its trade relation by 1%, whereas
the US has reduced its export activities with Australia by 4%, and New Zealand by 6%.
Along with this total of 5% of export activities of the United Kingdom with the Australian
export market. Singapore and India are the two main countries have reduced their
export activities with the Australian market by 1%.
5

China Japan United
States Republic of
Korea India New
Zealand Singapore United
Kingdom
$-
$20.00
$40.00
$60.00
$80.00
$100.00
$120.00
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
25%
-6%
-4%
-2% -1%
-6%
-1%
-5%
2004-05 2014-15 Percentage change
From the above-given data, it is analysed that several changes in the export market
have almost created a huge impact on Australian exchange market and only country
like China has reflected with productive result in the context of the Australian market. As
it is analysed and evaluate that from the year 2004-05 to the year 2014-15, the overall
export scale is increased to $223.50 from $103.30. China has covered up to 40% of the
export market of Australia and as compare to all other major exporting countries Japan
is one of the largest export markets for goods and services in both 2004-05 and 2014-
15 for Australia.
This state that China is continuously increasing its trade relations with the Australian
market as all other countries has failed in increasing the trade relations as compared to
China in both 2004-05 and 2014-15 for Australia. Further, the graph exploring that the
UK has failed in enhancing the exporting market in 2014-2015 as compared to 2004-
2005, the further result shows the downfall of 5%. The main motive of every country
should be developed effective trade relationship which helps in developing a better
economic environment at a global level.
Solution -2
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(a) Construct a frequency distribution and a relative frequency distribution for the
data.
Frequency distribution:
Lower upper frequency percent
20 < 30 0 0
30 < 40 2 5
40 < 50 4 10
50 < 60 8 20
60 < 70 11 27.5
70 < 80 8 20
80 < 90 5 12.5
90  100 2 5
Total 40 100
Frequency distributions help in analysing the total outcomes, the above table contains a
proper value which helps in summarising the proper distributions of a given table. The
above table reflecting on the lower and upper frequency which reflecting on the total
percentage. The frequency distribution is reflecting the results which are stated above.
The current distribution frequency is stating fluctuating level, the percent of every level
is not constantly increasing nor decreasing. Here, the frequency distribution of every
level is not also constant.
Relative frequency distribution:
Lower upper Relative
Frequency
percent
20 < 30 0 0
30 < 40 0.05 5
40 < 50 0.1 10
50 < 60 0.2 20
60 < 70 0.275 27.5
70 < 80 0.2 20
80 < 90 0.125 12.5
90  100 0.05 5
Total 1 100
The Relative frequency distribution is a subtype of distribution frequency which states
something different which reflecting on the different use of contraception. The value
assigned to each data is set on a different level (Chatfield, 2018). The above graph is
reflecting through lower and upper level and on the basis of frequency distribution the
7

relative frequency is evaluated and different in the percentage is evaluated. The relative
frequency is stating that the percentage of relative frequency is not constant, neither is it
increasing continuously and neither is it decreasing continuously. The results further
state that there is up and down in frequency level at both the levels.
(b) Construct a cumulative frequency distribution and a cumulative relative frequency
distribution for the data.
Cumulative frequency distribution:
Lower upper Cumulative
Frequency
percent
20 < 30 0 0
30 < 40 2 5
40 < 50 6 15
50 < 60 14 35
60 < 70 25 62.5
70 < 80 33 82.5
80 < 90 38 95
90  100 40 100
The cumulative frequency distribution is totally based on the total sum of frequency
distribution, in which lower and upper level based on the total number by calculating the
total frequency help in analysing the cumulative frequency (Deziel, 2018). The above
table is reflecting increasing level as by increasing the level of the upper and lower
frequency the percent of Cumulative frequency distribution is increasing continuously.
Relative Cumulative frequency distribution:
Lower upper Cumulative relative
Frequency
percent
20 < 30 0 0
30 < 40 0.05 5
40 < 50 0.15 15
50 < 60 0.35 35
60 < 70 0.63 62.5
70 < 80 0.83 82.5
80 < 90 0.95 95
90  100 1 100
Relative Cumulative frequency distribution is a subtype of cumulative frequency
distribution which is calculated by maximising the lower level. It is also showing
fluctuating results in which the ratio of cumulative relative frequency is regularly
increasing Cox, D. R. 2018). The Relative Cumulative frequency distribution is
calculated by dividing the total cumulative frequency.
8

(c) Plot a relative frequency histogram for the data.
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Histogram
Data
Percent
The histogram data reflecting that at the time of beginning the histogram data is
continuously increasing up to 25% and after it, the data percent get face downfall and
reached to the beginning level. The above graph has stated that the percent level
cannot remain the same for a long period of time (Deziel, 2018).
(d) Construct an ogive for the data.
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20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Data
Percent
The above give data is stating that the percentage of data is continuously increasing.
The data is collecting over 0-100 in which percentage is continuously increasing.
(e) What proportion of the grades is less than 60?
By analysing the cumulative frequency data, 35% proportion of the grades is lesser than
the amount of 60.
(f) What proportion of the grades is more than 70?
By analysing the cumulative frequency data, 62.5% proportion of the grades is lesser
than the amount of 70.
Solution 3
(a) Using an appropriate graphical descriptive measure (relevant for time series
data) describe the two variables.
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0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
Retail turnover per capita FINAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE
The above graph is stating on the comparison of Retail turnover per capita and on Final
consumption expenditure. The above graph stating that retail turnover per capita is
constant. Whereas on the other hand, the Final consumption expenditure is
continuously increasing in the graph. The report stating that there is a large difference
between these two variables and both of there is a minor increment in the retail per
capita whereas on the other hand final consumption has taken higher increment.
(b) Use an appropriate plot to investigate the relationship between FINAL
CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE and RETAIL TURNOVER PER CAPITA.
Briefly explain the selection of each variable on the X and Y axes and why?
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50000 70000 90000 110000 130000 150000 170000 190000 210000 230000 250000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Final consumption expenditure
Retail turnover per capita
The above table stating on the final consumption expenditure which is based on the X-
axes and on the other side X- axis is selected to reflect on the retail turnover per capita.
The above graph is stating that final consumption expenditure is significantly increasing
as compare to retail turnover per capita. The estimation result is stating on the standard
error and these axes are reflecting on the high percentage of final consumption
expenditure.
(c) Prepare a numerical summary report about the data on the two variables by
including the summary measures, mean, median, range, variance, standard
deviation, coefficient of variation, smallest and largest values, and the three
quartiles, for each variable.
Retail turnover per capita FINAL CONSUMPTION
EXPENDITURE
Unit $ $ Millions
Mean 2205.76 146019.85
Median 2180.2 139137
Standard
Deviation
543.19 46904.33
Sample Variance 295059.59 2200016262
Range 1558.7 151259
Minimum 1455.9 81889
Maximum 3014.6 233148
Sum 288954.8 19128601
First quantile 1652.95 103558.5
Second quantile 2180.2 139137
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