Theories of Learning, Communication, and Assessment

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Theories principles and model in
education and training

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................2
A. Analyse theories, principles, models of learning and models of learning preferences...........2
B. Explain ways in which theories, principles and models of learning can be applied to
teaching learning and assessment................................................................................................5
C. Analyse how identifying and taking account of learners’ individual learning preferences
enables inclusive teaching, learning and assessment...................................................................7
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................9
A. You are required to research and prepare a presentation which explains ways in which
theories, principles and models of communication can be applied to teaching, learning and
assessment..................................................................................................................................10
B. To support this presentation, produce a research report which details your analysis of
theories, principles and models of communication...................................................................17
TASK- 3.........................................................................................................................................23
A. Analyse theories, principles and models of assessment.......................................................23
B. Provide at least 3 examples of assessments which improved learning and explain the
relationship in each between assessment and inclusive learning...............................................25
C. Choose an Assessment method from your teaching practice portfolio and write a Report
explaining how a range of theories and principles of formal and informal assessment can be
demonstrated in the design of the scheme.................................................................................26
D. Provide 3 completed student assessments; one from each of the three contexts presented
above, and evaluates their effectiveness in enabling learning and progression for different
learners.......................................................................................................................................27
Task 4.............................................................................................................................................29
A. Analyse theories and models of curriculum development....................................................29

B. Explain ways in which theories and models of curriculum development can be applied in
own area of specialism...............................................................................................................32
Task 5.............................................................................................................................................34
A. Analyse theories and models of reflection and evaluation...................................................34
B. Drawing on this research and your experience, write a reflective account that explains ways
in which; Theories and models of reflection can be applied reviewing own practice...............36
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................38
References......................................................................................................................................39

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Honey & Mufford learning style......................................................................................3
Figure 2: Shannon and Weaver’s Model.......................................................................................13
Figure 3: Curriculum development theories..................................................................................29

Introduction
The theories, model and approaches of the training and education will be discussed in the report
that is based mainly on the several factors. This theory will help in making informed decisions
that are all around the delivery, development and design of the learning. Different theories of the
learning are there, such as connectives, constructivism, behaviourism and cognitive, will be
illustrated in the report. The report will further be divided into five tasks. The training is given of
knowledge and information by a speech in which other methods or written word of
demonstration in such manner instruct the trainee properly. While the learning is absorbing
process in which information increase the abilities and skills and also make use of several
contexts.
The training, as well as education, is the main way in order to update an existing knowledge
level of the students and analyse the advantage and limitations of the specific subjective matter
and case. The educational system is supportive will enable the self-motivation and flexible
educational system. By managing the communication among instructor and learners in which
students are concentrated on the learning. The reflection will allow the teacher to utilise, process
and analyse the experimental knowledge and skills in replicating and changing the outcomes.
The reflection and curriculum development will allow the students to achieve more progress in
the classroom.
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Task 1
A. Analyse theories, principles, models of learning and models of learning preferences.
Learning: The learning is the knowledge that is gained by knowledge, experiences or teaching.
This is the transformative process by which the new information understands that lead to the
changes in an individual perception or behavior. The styles of learning depend on an individual’s
(Revan, 2017). The learning is a process to acquire the modified or new values, skills,
preferences and knowledge.
Learning theories
The learning theory will describe how a student will retain, process and absorb the knowledge
during the learning. The environmental, emotional, prior experiences and cognitive this all play
the vital role the changed or acquired skills and knowledge retained. The individual preferences
for more than one of the learning cycle stage translated into weakness and strength of the style of
learning.
In the experimental theory of learning, this style model is based totally on learning style. It
defines the four stages in a learning process from active experimentation, abstract
conceptualization, reflective observation, and concrete experiences. The style of individual
learning by individual reliance is on these learning modes. These all strategies will enable the
learners to properly choose the declarative knowledge and intellectual skills which they bring to
bear on the problem solving, remembering and learning.
As per to Honey & Mumford, the learning is being seen as the continuous cycle by which
individual learn the experiences, conclude from experiences and reviews from the experiences to
the next step (Illeris, 2018). It also summarizes the learning styles into four that are as follows:
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Figure 1: Honey & Mufford learning style
(Source: www.eln.io, 2019)
Activist: They are those individuals who learn mainly by doing things. They have to get in the
experiences and actions of what they are learning. Such peoples are opening minded as they have
not come in the situation with the biases and open to a session of problem-solving and group
discussion.
Theorist: The learners those are the inherent theorist will seek in understanding theory that is
behind an action. Also, those learners enjoy the reading up and following the models on the facts
to engage better in the process of the learning.
Pragmatist: They need to know how to put the learning into the practice. Such learners will not
like games or abstract concepts. Also, they will experiments with the technique, ideas and
theories as well as also take the time of what they have done and related it to the reality
(Prithishkumar and Michael, 2014).
Reflector: If the student is reflector in the classroom, she or he will learn best through watching
the peoples as well as also think towards what is actually happening. Such students will observe
from collected data and sidelines, and after then they will take various experiences which they
work and perceived towards a real conclusion.
VARK
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It is the model which is used to determine the four different kinds of learners such as visual,
auditory, reading and kinaesthetic. These each kind of learning will respond to the best to
different teaching method and practices. The auditory learners remember the best information
after reciting back to presenter, whereas the kinaesthetic learners jump at a chance to participate
effectively in the activities (Bandura, 2017). The VARK purpose helps the learners so that they
can think learning styles in numerous ways. This will also suggest some of the new ideas to the
learners and helps them to identify which method of learning is suitable and appropriate for
them.
The teachers can meet with the good practice principles to provide the best experiences of
learning to the students. For examples, the teacher can encourage effective communication
among the learners and teachers also provide good opportunities so that students can actively
participate in the activities. The appropriate and timely feedback and response helps in
identifying the student knowledge level and status. For examples, teachers are also accountable
and responsible for delivering and designing high teaching and learning quality. This is essential
to note that the good practice of teaching will subscribe to the constructive alignment principles
that need all the curriculum components that are aligned to gain enough impact on the learning of
the students. For example, the strategies and tools of the assessment should need to align systems
to learning outcomes.
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B. Explain ways in which theories, principles and models of learning can be applied to teaching
learning and assessment.
The learning theories will help the teachers to explain and promote their teaching and learning
techniques to the students. By providing the point or focus of the observation, the theories of
learning will help the teachers to reflect on what they need to do (Kumaran et al., 2016).
Personality theory
It is a theory which is introduced by the Jhon Dewey and Carl Roger. It will discuss the person
behavior influence in learning. Like the teachers, the assessment towards acquiring knowledge, it
away from which the learners can gain knowledge after the lecture as well as gathers their own
development. For example, mainly two kinds of learner’s are there non-dyslexic and dyslexia
they are different from others in learning terms, but the teacher must arrange the audio-video
format for these learners.
Fleming VRAK
The Fleming has shown the main three ways which the learners will adopt for acquiring
knowledge such as Visual, auditory and kinesthetic. Visual learners are the first kind of the
learner which acquire in any of the context and they only just watch firstly. The videos, diagrams
and presentation slides are the effective medium to learn. The auditory learners are the second
kind of the learners as they are capable of doing anything such as audio clips and listening are
effective resources of learning to them. The kinesthetic learners are the third kind of learners
who acquire anything only by observing the things and movement such as gesture, taking and
walking of a teacher in the classroom (Goldie, 2016). Own way of their learning will motivate
them of being more skilful and diversified.
Linking with the existing practice aspect with the theories
As being college lecturer, I tried to properly coordinate the examples of practice with the
knowledge of theoretical. With the help of the theory, it helps in judging the current learner's
knowledge level, but with the practical knowledge, it helps in making live and beneficial for the
students to learn more quickly.
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Developing the personal theories of the teachers in learning
It is the duty of college lecturer to manage the curriculum properly based on the competency of
the students. As being the lecture, I have to handle the conflicts which break the concentration
power of the learners when they are being taught in the classroom.
Developing the programme of competency-based
The college is needed to arrange the program of competency development for the learners
properly. It must ensure that the knowledge which they are providing should be correct and
relevant and must be implicated actually when learners are going to apply for the innovation.
This programme will further ensure in finding the issues, as well as also find the solutions which
will be helpful for the learners (Moayyeri, 2015).
Product is focusing on the learning outcomes
It is determined that the college is focusing the process of the learning mainly as products and all
students are delivering similar examples, and thus this is being afforded as the same supportive
system in the classrooms.
Individual learning plans
The college learners will tend to watch the movies, videos, assignment and mirror front practice
in terms of developing personal learning skills. Also, this will helps in enhancing the learner’s
efficiency and knowledge. It is the user-specific strategy or program of the learning or education
which takes the weakness and strength of the students into consideration.
SMART targets
With the help of this tool, it is effective for the learners and the teachers of the college to
analyses its learning assessment in which theoretical approach with the practical approach
relationship is being exposed. The SMART goals will incorporate such criteria which help in
focusing the efforts as well as also enhance the chances to achieve the goals (Balasubramaniam
and Indhu, 2016).
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C. Analyse how identifying and taking account of learners’ individual learning preferences
enables inclusive teaching, learning and assessment.
By using the questionnaire of VARK is used to recognize the students learning styles is the main
approach that is used to enhance the learning process and teaching quality. The distinction, as
well as their own styles of learning, will lead each of the learners to choose individually the
proper techniques of the study. By the help of the VARK philosophy, it will help in developing
from innovative ideas which each student are able to teach (Stojanova et al., 2017). By
recognizing the interest of the learners it will helps the teacher to move towards the learning style
of the students from their learning practice which allows them to overcome with the several
situations for which the students will further tend to choose the particular style as well as also
improve in the structure of teaching by considering the views of the learners.
This is being recommended that students learning preferences can be prior verified to start of its
academic task through using the questionnaire of VRAK model in order to find the best methods
of teaching as well as to achieve the goals of education. Based on the current report, related to
the different learning styles types the students will try the various methods so that the teachers
can effectively educate the learners and this method is beneficial for both the students and
lecturers.
Challenge theory preferences in order to maximize the learning
Being the College lecture, I will always give advice to the learner to heed to the dominating
preferences as well as motivation. For example, College learners allocated the assignment to
resolve the business case in which many learners are there who are eagerly waiting to visit the
business and collect the relevant information, and some of them are eager in analyzing it by
depending on secondary data method (Husmann and O'Loughlin, 2019).
Enable the individual to see as well as a question its long-held behavior
The assessment first criteria are that the learning and teaching are lead to the College learner to
observe in a context and after that answer to the questions and ask of what they not understand.
The questioning is all about a context which will enhance the parameter of thinking of a learner
and drive finally to the inclusive teaching and learning. The main advantage of this theory is
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personal assessments will take place, also self-orientation will be established, and the skill is
evaluated properly. The main limitation of this theory is that no guidelines are found for
assessing, the instructor also need to monitor many of the times, and the fewer changes in
behavior is noticed.
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