Report on Historical and Current Developments in Tourism

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the travel and tourism sector, tracing its historical development and current trends. It explores various types of tourism, including mass tourism and special interest tourism, examining the factors that motivate tourists to visit specific destinations. The report delves into the '6As' of tourist destinations (Attractions, Access, Accommodation, Amenities, Activities, and Acceptance), providing a framework for understanding destination development. Additionally, it outlines the key organizations involved in the tourism supply chain across different sectors. The report emphasizes the industry's economic significance and its role in employment, offering valuable insights into the evolution and dynamics of the tourism landscape.

REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Key historical and current development in tourism.....................................................................1
Factors that motivate tourist to visit particular destination.........................................................2
Investigating the 6A’s of tourist destinations..............................................................................5
Key organisations involved in the Tourism supply chain in different sectors of travel and
tourism.........................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism sector has been successfully evolved to a huge extent since past few
years. Also, it plays a major role in maintaining the economy of the country as well (Eugenio and
Inchausti, 2016). It has been observed that the tourism and travel sector comes under one of the
largest earner of the foreign exchange. Along with this, it has also provided employment to a
huge amount of unemployed people. The report is about understanding the current development
and historic features in this industry. Also, it includes types of tourism and factors because of
which the tourists visit some particular destination. Elements essential and key organisations in
the travel and tourism sector have also been included.
Key historical and current development in tourism
From the pastime, there have been observed enormous changes in the travel and tourism
sector. The initiatives for the development of the sector were first observed in the year 1945.
Although it is obvious enough that at that time, there was less availability of the resources, thus
the people might have faced many troubles but as in the incoming years, the ways of delivering
services changed to a huge extent and people are having various number of facilities as well. It
also helped in increasing the interest of people in travelling and visiting such places, exploring
the world. There are various types of tourism and a few of them are discussed as following :
Mass tourism
Mass tourism is considered as tourism when a large amount of people are visiting the
same tourist place at the same time. Mass tourism is classified as one of the most well known
and popular type of tourism. Various locations can be involved in this type of tourism such as
resorts, theme gardens and parks etc. and as a mass amount of tourists visit there, these places are
usually crowded enough. Some very well known and popular characteristics of mass tourism are
discussed as under :
Spatially polarised
Destinations under mass tourism such as parks, resorts usually have some specialised
small markets that gain the attention of people who come to visit there. It also includes beaches,
sky holidays etc.
Segmented markets
Also, these mass tourist destinations have segmented markets and there is a sort of
dependency factor present on it. It further helps in implementing economic relationships as well.
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Special interest tourism
Special interest tourism (SIT) is considered as a provision of various tourist activities that
have been customised and completes some common interests of people, groups etc. In this form
of tourism, the main focus relies on providing satisfaction over specific need or interest. Some
characteristics of it are discussed as below :
Customised activities
Instead of involving enormous number of activities, special interest tourism focuses on
customising some basic and essential activities that can help in satisfying the actual need
(Schegg and Stangl, 2017).
Enriching
People associated with SIT have a specialised set of benefits such as it helps in enriching
a great amount of enrichment along with a increasing rate of awareness as well.
Factors that motivate tourist to visit particular destination
In the modern era people are very engaged in their personal and professional lives. In
such condition they do not get adequate time to spend with their families. But increasing tourism
activities are motivating them to go to particular places and enjoy thee. There are many people
those who visits different places from different reasons (London tourism report 2014-2015,
2015).
Demand for tourism
London is the favour t destination from the point of view of tourist. Over a period of
times transportation, hospitality have been grown well in this country. This has given new
growth to the tourism industry. As more travellers are taking interest in coming to this place.
They spend such large amount whenever they come here that money is further utilized by the
government for the development of the nation. Statistical records of 2014 reflects that in that
year approx 11.4 million domestic visitors have travellers from great Britain to the London. Total
spend of these visitors was 24.4 million in the same year (Murray and Kline, 2015). In the year
2015 this figurers have been increased by 5%. London is the attractive place and from many
locations people come to this destination from different purposes.
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Illustration 1: Total visitors in London from 2009 to 2014
Source: (London tourism report 2014-2015, 2015)
Tourism demand can be defined as increasing level of travel activities under defined
conditions. There are many travellers those who frequently travel from one place to another in
order to fulfil their needs. Tour operators are offering attractive services to the consumers that
motivate them and make them position to experience such travelling experiences. That is the
reason that every year number of visitors are increasing in the nation frequently (Whang, Yong
and Ko, 2016).
Push pull factors
Push factors are such elements which are intangible in nature but are able to fulfil travel
needs of customers. These are such factors that motivate the travellers sand change their
behaviour. Most of the travellers come to London to get relax. These are highly busty persons so
every year they come to particular place where they can get relaxation. Some of the people visit
to particular location for fitness and adventure purpose as well. Enhancing social circle is another
push factor that motivate people to visits particular destination. Many person like to make friends
and like to visits different places these travellers plan for short term travel so that they can meet
new people (Prayag and et.al, 2017). There are many visitors that travel from one to place to
other for gaining knowledge. Researcher visits different places so that they can gain more
knowledge and can conduct their thesis in effective manner. London is the destination where
many tourist come because there are many theme parks, museums etc. that reflect cultural and
traditional aspect of the country.
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There are many pull factors that encourage travellers to visits particular place and make
travel planning. Events occur in destination is the major pull factor that motivate visitors.
London is the place where many international shows, games take place and for watching these
activities people come to this place with their whole family. In addition, easy access and
affordability is another pull factor that change the mind of customers and make them ready to go
to particular destination (Factors Influencing the Motivation of Young People When Choosing a
City Destination in Europe – a Case Study From Esbjerg (Denmark). 2010). London is the
destination which is quit affordable, there are convenience of visa and it is the safe destination.
That is the reason that many people take interest to visit this destination. Histories and cultural
aspects are another pull factor that encourage people.
Tourist motivations and typologies
Different travellers are motivated by different divers that determine their travel choice. It
may be culture fascination, relaxation, recreation, research etc. travel motivations have two
major factors: push and pull. Both these elements encourage the people and change their
behaviour as well. In order to fulfil their different needs people travel from one place to other.
There are various topologies of tourism. Institutional travel is the topology in which travellers
travel from one place to other for gaining educational information. There is no sporting activities
involve, it is just for the educational purpose (Murray and Kline, 2015). On other hand
adventurous travelling is another type of topology in which visitors like to get some adventurous
experiences. Medical tourism is another type of topology that is related with the health purpose.
Factors influencing tourism motivation
As per the view of Giddy and Webb, (2016) there are many elements that influence the
tourism motivation, visa policies are the major component, if in any location visa policies are
tough then people do not take interest to go there they change their plan and go to other
interesting destinations. Whang, Yong and Ko, (2016) argued that political condition is the main
element that influence tourism motivation. If there are political unrest or government is not
stable then there are high chances of terrorist attack. In such condition persons do not feel safe
and secure thus, they change their mind to go to particular location. According to Prayag and
et.al, (2017) currency values, cultural aspect play significant role that influence their motivation
and change their behaviour as well.
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Investigating the 6A’s of tourist destinations
Although there are various elements that are required and are essential as well to be
considered at the time of development and implementation of a new destination , but the 6A’s ca
help in providing a better investigation and these are discussed as under :
Attractions
The main reason tourists come to visit the tourist destinations are they find some specific
place attractive enough. There are enormous numbers of tourist attractions that are known for
their beauty, cultural value, infrastructure etc. there are various destinations that are naturally
made whereas there are some that are manmade, that is its infrastructure and designing is being
done in a way that it can seem able enough to attract a huge amount of customers, thus helping
the travel and tourism sector in gaining popularity as well as productivity. Some very common
and well known examples include museums, historical places, castles etc. and the forte of each
destination is to provide a sort of satisfaction that the tourists have been satisfied enough with the
beauty and services being provided there.
Access
Access can be associated with various factors such as access to transport, access to proper
facilities etc. so the destination and the authorities should ensure the fact of providing every
possible facility to the tourists so that they may not have to face any issue and can have a happier
stay at the specific destination (Forno and Garibaldi, 2015). There are various people who want
to visit tourist spots but cannot afford the amount to be paid for travelling from one place to
another. So, the government should organise some ways that can seem affordable enough for
such people to travel also from one place to another. This can prove a very beneficial factor as
those who want to travel but cannot afford at higher prices can also travel by such means. Also, it
will add to the economic growth of the country as well.
Accommodation
When tourists visit some place, it is obvious that they seek for some place to stay. So, it is
the responsibility of the authorities that they can provide some accommodation for the tourists to
stay and have a happy time there (Xiang, Magnini and Fesenmaier, 2015). It is obvious that after
visiting and roaming at these tourist spots, one needs to have some rest as well. So, in that case,
some sort of accommodation provided to these tourists is necessary as they also want to sleep
well after a tiring day. Thus, accommodation also plays an important role and a must to be
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facility so that the needs of the tourists can be fulfilled as well. These types of resources make
the tourists also happy with the specific destination spot and authorities. This further helps as the
tourists again may think of visiting the place, otherwise lack of facilities also decreases the
amount of interests of the tourists to visit such places again.
Amenities
Amenities refer to the facilities or services that a tourist seeks for at these tourist
destinations and spots. These services can be sanitary, retailers, restaurants, emergency and
communication etc. it is because these facilities are a must for the people who away from their
homes comes to a specific destination for spending the holidays and for fun etc. So, these are the
basic services a tourist can seek for because toilets, telecommunication restaurants are important
to spend some time at a particular place (Buhalis and Foerste, 2015). It is because as food is
necessary for a human to survive, so as the sanitary as well. Thus, the authorities and
government should ensure to provide such services to the tourists so that they might not have to
face any issue regarding their stay.
Awareness
Along with factors like amenities, accommodation etc. that are important for a
comfortable stay of the tourists, awareness also plays a very important role. Now, it can be
considered in a few ways. Usually, it is referred to the behaviour and attitude local population
has for the tourism sector. Also, it involves various services as well such as road houses, shops
etc and every such factor has a different influence on the tourist and operations associated with
it.
Key organisations involved in the Tourism supply chain in different sectors of travel and tourism
There are various different organisations associated with the supply chain of the tourists
in very sector, whether it is about the private, public or the voluntary sector. Discussing the
involved organisations as under :
Private sector
In UK, most of the tourist and travel businesses are associated with the private sector
only. Unlike governmental organisations, the forte of these private organisations is to make
profit and money. It covers a major part of employment as well, thus is considered as the largest
employer of the world. Some very well known and common examples of private businesses in
the travel and tourism sector includes Thomas Cook, British Airways, Holiday Inn etc.
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Public sector
The organisations that are considered as public under the travel and tourism sector are
being financed by the national as well as local government of UK (Becker, 2016). Rather than
making money, the forte f these organisations is to provide a sort of understanding in people
about the culture and details of the tourist destinations. Some very well known and common
examples of this can be considered as the museums, national galleries etc.
Voluntary sector
The organisations and spots that come under the voluntary sector of the travel and
tourism are usually trusts or charities. The financial help and sources for these organisations can
involve from family members, entrance fees, donations etc. the basic forte of these organisations
is to protect and promote their cause. Some very well known examples of it includes national
trust, the sealed knot etc.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the report that the travel and tourism is one of the fastest
growing sectors that has helped in developing economical growth as well to the country. The
difference between the historic and current development in the travel and tourism sector has also
been included. Various essential factors considered includes the demand of the tourists, factors
motivating them etc. All the essential requirements that are the 6A’s of a destination have also
been included. Along with this, all the key organisations in different sectors of the travel and
tourism have also been included.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Becker, E., 2016. Overbooked: The exploding business of travel and tourism. Simon and
Schuster.
Buhalis, D. and Foerste, M., 2015. SoCoMo marketing for travel and tourism: Empowering co-
creation of value. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 4(3). pp.151-161.
Eugenio-Martin, J. L. and Inchausti-Sintes, F., 2016. Low-cost travel and tourism
expenditures. Annals of Tourism Research. 57. pp.140-159.
Forno, F. and Garibaldi, R., 2015. Sharing economy in travel and tourism: The case of home-
swapping in Italy. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism. 16(2). pp.202-
220.
Giddy, J. K. and Webb, N. L., 2016. The influence of the environment on motivations to
participate in adventure tourism: The case of the Tsitsikamma. South African Geographical
Journal. 98(2). pp.351-366.
Murray, A. and Kline, C., 2015. Rural tourism and the craft beer experience: Factors influencing
brand loyalty in rural North Carolina, USA. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 23(8-9).
pp.1198-1216.
Prayag, G. and et.al., 2017. Understanding the relationships between tourists’ emotional
experiences, perceived overall image, satisfaction, and intention to recommend. Journal of
Travel Research. 56(1). pp.41-54.
Schegg, R. and Stangl, B., 2017, January. Information and Communication Technologies in
Tourism 2017. In Proceedings of the International Conference in Rome, Italy.
Whang, H., Yong, S. and Ko, E., 2016. Pop culture, destination images, and visit intentions:
Theory and research on travel motivations of Chinese and Russian tourists. Journal of
business research. 69(2). pp.631-641.
Xiang, Z., Magnini, V. P. and Fesenmaier, D. R., 2015. Information technology and consumer
behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet. Journal
of Retailing and Consumer Services. 22. pp.244-249.
Online
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Factors Influencing the Motivation of Young People When Choosing a City Destination in
Europe – a Case Study From Esbjerg (Denmark). 2010. [Online]. Available through
<http://www.erjournal.ru/journals_n/1393749617.pdf>
London tourism report 2014-2015, 2015. [Online]. Available through
<http://files.londonandpartners.com/l-and-p/assets/our-insight-london-tourism-review-
2014-15.pdf>
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