A Critical Case Study: History, Arguments, and Animal Testing

This case study critically analyzes the history of animal testing, focusing on arguments presented in the ProCon.org article. It examines logical reasoning, evaluates sources like the US Department of Agriculture and the FDA, and assesses the rigor of the research process. The study highlights arguments for and against animal testing, including ethical considerations and the role of legislation. It also explores public opinion through surveys and the viewpoints of various organizations and individuals. The case study provides a balanced view, presenting both favorable and unfavorable perspectives to allow readers to form their own informed opinions on the complex issue of animal testing and its impact on public health and welfare.

Case Study
Contents

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
An understanding of logical reasoning to analyse the arguments presented in the given case
study.............................................................................................................................................3
Critically evaluation the sources of information and data to validate the positions taken in this
case study.....................................................................................................................................4
Comment on a systematic and rigorous process carried out in producing the presented case
study.............................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Critical analyses refer to a process in which an investigator examines and analyses all the
sides and arguments which are in relation with the topic. Analyses refers to the process in which
an individual break downs the whole situation into many parts and then it tries to analyse all the
arguments, purposes, and true meaning out of it. Critical analyses are used to get the detailed
information about the ideas or the topic. It helps in getting the deep knowledge and learning
about the topic.
This report has provided critical analyses about a case study of topic “history of animal
testing” by ProCon.org. This report discusses about the evaluation of the arguments which has
been presented into the report. It also includes examination of the sources where the information
has got retrieve along with their merits and demits. Apart from that the report also includes a
proper examination about the reviews which has been provided by the author in the article.
MAIN BODY
An understanding of logical reasoning to analyse the arguments presented in the given case
study.
The presented article is about “The History of Animal Testing”. In that article the various
arguments have been presented. The activity of testing of animals for developing the proper
medicines was started in the year 500 BC. This activity is this old. A number of animals get
killed every year by the researcher just to perform study upon them.
Argument: The topic for killing the animals for the development of medicines for human
has both the favour and against audiences. There are people who are in favour of this concept as
they believe that this is necessary for developing the medicines for the humans if the medicines
needs to work in a proper way upon human (Abdelhakim and Machado, 2019). If not a lot of side
effects and harmfulness can be created for humans.
Critical Analysis: These testing are necessary as they leads to the development of various life
saving treatments for both the animals and humans. Apart from this, researcher says that there is
no other alternative which can be possible because to develop the medications and treatments
whole analyses about the life of living animals and human are necessaries. Also there are various

rules and standards present which could be lead to the prevention of the mistreatments done with
the animals.
The other party of people who are in against of animal testing activity consider it a
inhumane to kill the animals for the benefits of humans and takes this activity as a cruel thing to
perform. These people suggested that it has to be other methods also which can replace the
activity of killing of animals for the development of medications and treatments.
Argument: The United States had earlier passed a law in the year 1966 which also were amended
in 1970, 1976 and 1985. It states the actions and code of conduct that are need to take under
consideration while performing the test upon animals. The law mentioned the animals which can
be used for research purpose. These may includes dog, cat, guinea pig, rabbit, hamster and other
animals belong to the category of warm blooded (Cox and Tam, 2018).
Critical analysis: Although the proper standards has been set by the research organisation but
still there are reports of more animal killing for investigation purpose. The reports were also of
killing the animals which does not comes into the category for research which may includes the
animals like rats, mice, animals which are used as food, birds and so on. Many reports has been
filed against the killing of such animals and it do comes in the category of incorrect killings of
animals. This show the carelessness of the people or researcher towards the law implemented.
This also shows that these people are totally heartless towards the other living beings beside
humans.
Argument: A survey was conducted with respect to the topic of animal killing for testing. In that
survey it has been found that around 56% of people consider the animal testing a moral activity
to perform. Whereas around 39% of people consider it immorally wrong about the activity of
testing and killing of animals.
Critical analyses: In this category of people who considered it wrong are generally were the
young people. The young category consider the testing upon the animals and the killing them for
the same a inhumane activity to perform. It shows that the new generation thinks a lot about the
sustainability development and growth and are very careful & emotional for the other beings
living on the planet.

Critically evaluation the sources of information and data to validate the positions taken in this
case study.
The information which has been presented in the article is the compilation of many facts
and figures from various sources. The sources from where the information has been retrieve may
include:
The US department of Agriculture: This organisation provides the information and data that a
huge number of animals were get killed for performing the testing and experiments upon them.
The source mentioned that 1134693 animals were get killing for the same purpose in the year
2010 which were wrote and presented in a record. There are a number of similar cases which
were not even get record and has not included in the record. The US department of Agriculture is
a department which undertakes the task of guiding the rules and regulations related to the subject
matter of forest, framing and grassland. The organisation was establish in the year 1862 and
works under the government departments (Gupta and et al., 2017). All the information which are
recorded with this department or organisation is totally authentic and reliable as they writes in
the record only after the proper justification and research. Therefore this information is totally
reliable and can be taken into consideration.
The US food and Drug Administration: The article includes the information that has been
provided by this organisation about the drugs given to the animals and the testing provided upon
them. This department is concern of the public care as they take care about the public health by
monitoring the intoxication level present in the food or drink products. They supervise the food
manufacturing companies about the food safety and ingredients that are allowed to use in food
ingredients and that are not allowed to mix. All the information presented by this department is
trust worthy as it works for the government and a lot of investigation are provided before noting
done the fact or information.
November 29, 1965 issue of Sports Illustrated Vault: In that article a case was presented in
which the dog of a family was kidnapped and later has been used for experiments which later
lead to the death of that dog. This news was presented in the newspaper as an article throwing
the light upon the testing and killing of animals. The articles which get printed in the newspaper
are full of authenticity and reliability. The information which is presented in the newspapers only
get print after the proper analysis and investigation. Therefore this source is also trust worthy and
reliable.

Lake research partner: Some of the information and facts has also been taken for this
particular source. The organisation is a national research body which takes the opinions of the
public and conducts the poll for the public in a view to know about their perspectives and
opinions. The organisation was started up in the year 1995. This is a public organisation which
information can be trusted and can used as a reliable source.
The source has also been taken from some of the physiologist; one of them is the Claude
Bernard. Through his article named “Introduction to the study of Experimental Medicine (1865)
has presented an opinion that the practice of medical testing is very ethical as it helps in
presenting the medicines and treatments to the humans.
Apart from this the whole article was presented and taken from the ProCon.Org site. This
site has been already awarded for the best leading source for presenting the information to the
users. The organisation reaches to very kind of controversial topics or information which are
presenting running in the world. The site is particularly framed for the students to keep them
updated by providing the facts and reliable information to them so they can grab a gist about the
same. ProCon.org was founded in the year 2004 with a aim of providing the critical thinking to
the students and promoting the education among the students. The site also presents the benefits
and disadvantages of the topic so that all kind of information could be provided to the reader for
proper development of these opinions (Hendrycks and et al., 2020). This site was severer by
around 20 million citizens every year. Therefore the source of information presented in this site
is very much trust worthy and of people choice. All the facts presented are collected from proper
sites and actual source for information gets presented to the reader. So this site is totally reliable
for taking the information.
Comment on a systematic and rigorous process carried out in producing the presented case study
The article was presented upon the topic of testing of the animals. The article was
presented in a very systematic way in which the opinion of both the people who were in the favor
of this activity and who were not in the favor of this activity presented. The article has tried to
put all sort of viewpoints and reliable sources in it. The major benefit or excellent think about
this article is that all the facts and figures are the information presented are totally reliable and
trustworthy as facts and figures are taken from the authentic source. The information has been
fetch from the survey done by government organisations only. For example that data has been
fetch from the reports conducted by us food administration and US department of agriculture.

Another source was taken from the organisation name Lake Research partners. All these
organisations data are very authentic and the readers can trust upon that.
The article came up with many examples and case studies in which we have presented the views
of both the favorable and unfavorable parties about the activity of testing of animals. The case
study does not through light upon only one side of opinions but presented the comprehensive
views about the audience and the system. Through the article an individual could be able to make
his own opinion about the topic by reading the both sides off story. This article was not in favor
of any but presented a balance view points and source which allowed the Reader to develop own
understanding and attitude towards the topic. The best thing about this article was that it wasn't
concluding or ending up with a particular side of story of Ava but it presented both favorable and
unfavorable facts and figures (King and Pasternak, 2018).
It can be clearly state that a lot of research has been done before writing of this article because
the source of facts and reports has been taken from various organisations surveys and then it got
fit in the article. A systematic view can be seen by The Reader as first the introduction was given
about animal killing and testing. Then the viewpoint for both favorable and unfavorable opinions
was presented. The structure has The Reader to understand the topic very correctly and gain all
the required figures and facts with regard to same (Remling, 2018).
Therefore the article enables The reader to grab a deep knowledge about the topic and develops
his own understanding about the same by reading the both side of the story. I believe the article
was very presented in a systematic way and proved to be an effective source for information
(Rupp and et al., 2017).
CONCLUSION
From the report presented above, the critical analysis of the article has been presented
along with the analyses of the source from where the information and facts has been fetch to
measure the reliability of the source and information. The report also gives the opinion upon the
systematic presentation of the provided case study which enables the reader to develops their
own understanding about the topic.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Abdelhakim, A. A. and Machado, J .A. T., 2019. A critical analysis of the conformable
derivative. Nonlinear Dynamics. 95(4). pp.3063-3073.
Cox, A. M. and Tam, W. W. T., 2018. A critical analysis of lifecycle models of the research
process and research data management. Aslib Journal of Information Management.
Gupta, A., and et al., 2017, October. NoSQL databases: Critical analysis and comparison.
In 2017 International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies for
Smart Nation (IC3TSN)(pp. 293-299). IEEE.
Hendrycks, D., and et al., 2020. The many faces of robustness: A critical analysis of out-of-
distribution generalization. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.16241.
King, H. and Pasternak, S., 2018. Canada's Emerging Indigenous Rights Framework: A Critical
Analysis. Toronto: Yellowhead Institute.
Remling, E., 2018. Depoliticizing adaptation: A critical analysis of EU climate adaptation
policy. Environmental Politics. 27(3). pp.477-497.
Rupp, D. E., and et al., 2017. A critical analysis of the conceptualization and measurement of
organizational justice: Is it time for reassessment?. Academy of Management Annals.
11(2). pp.919-959.
Tronchin, L., Manfren, M. and Nastasi, B., 2018. Energy efficiency, demand side management
and energy storage technologies–A critical analysis of possible paths of integration in
the built environment. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 95. pp.341-353.
Wirth, K., and et al., 2017. Core stability in athletes: a critical analysis of current
guidelines. Sports medicine. 47(3). pp.401-414.

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