Analyzing the Impact of the Fenian Raid on Canadian History
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This essay delves into the Fenian Raids, a significant event in Canadian history, examining the historical background, the motivations of the Fenian Order, and the impact of the raids on Canadian society. It explores the connection between the Fenian Order's goal of Irish independence and their attacks on Canada, including the raid at Fort Erie. The essay analyzes the raids, discussing the role of the British forces, the regional military, and the casualties involved. It also examines the connection of the event with the course, the use of the Heritage Minutes to explain the event, and the criticisms. Furthermore, the essay highlights the civilian-specific consequences, the impact on the Confederation of Canada, and the evolution of Canadian patriotism. The essay concludes by emphasizing the importance of the Fenian Raids in shaping the modern Canadian nation-state and its military forces. This essay provides an in-depth analysis of the historical context, the events, the consequences, and the significance of the Fenian Raids in Canadian history, shedding light on a pivotal moment in the nation's development. The essay also explores the influence of the raids on Canadian identity and the country's path toward Confederation.

Running head: THE FENIAN RAID
THE FENIAN RAID
Name of the Student
Student Number
Course Name
Course Instructor
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THE FENIAN RAID
Name of the Student
Student Number
Course Name
Course Instructor
Due Date
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1THE FENIAN RAID
Table of Contents
The Fenian Raid...........................................................................................................2
Historical Background...................................................................................................2
Connection of the course with the topic chosen...........................................................3
New Minutes Heritage..................................................................................................3
Analysis and criticisms through the series of Raids.....................................................4
Civilian specific.............................................................................................................6
References:..................................................................................................................8
Table of Contents
The Fenian Raid...........................................................................................................2
Historical Background...................................................................................................2
Connection of the course with the topic chosen...........................................................3
New Minutes Heritage..................................................................................................3
Analysis and criticisms through the series of Raids.....................................................4
Civilian specific.............................................................................................................6
References:..................................................................................................................8

2THE FENIAN RAID
THE CANADIAN HISTORY
The Fenian Raid
Fenian Raids is identified as one the most recognized event in the Canadian
history. And the fact that the event had an immense effect and magnitude that had
an important effect on the entire mass of Canadians. The Fenian Order is identified
through the Irish patriotic society, established in period of 1850s in order to attain
Irish Independence from England. The Raid that took place at Fort Erie was put
down by the British forces and the regional military force with record of thousands of
people killed as well as wounded (Grodzinski, 2015). Through the course of entire
event of Fenian Raids, the unrealized aim was established, that is, to conquer
Canada and in exchange of Irish Independence with the Great Britain. The event has
drawn the attention of entire mass extensively. Therefore, such crucial event has
been chosen to describe and deliver an in depth analysis of the importance and
consequences of the event.
Historical Background
Fenian Raids is recognized as the series of abortive armed invasion or attack
that was led by the Irish- nationalist secret society, or the Fenians. The society was
founded by James Stephens in Ireland and John O’ Mahony in United States. The
background of the event was followed by the Fenian Raid that took place at New
Brunswick (Grodzinski, 2015). The threat on this region was peaked at its most
extreme phase. The Fenian Brotherhood party reached at the Maine shore in order
to seize Campobello from the British government. The British responded with greater
force that discouraged the Fenians. The invasion triggered the idea of providing
protection to New Brunswick by participating the British North American force, or the
THE CANADIAN HISTORY
The Fenian Raid
Fenian Raids is identified as one the most recognized event in the Canadian
history. And the fact that the event had an immense effect and magnitude that had
an important effect on the entire mass of Canadians. The Fenian Order is identified
through the Irish patriotic society, established in period of 1850s in order to attain
Irish Independence from England. The Raid that took place at Fort Erie was put
down by the British forces and the regional military force with record of thousands of
people killed as well as wounded (Grodzinski, 2015). Through the course of entire
event of Fenian Raids, the unrealized aim was established, that is, to conquer
Canada and in exchange of Irish Independence with the Great Britain. The event has
drawn the attention of entire mass extensively. Therefore, such crucial event has
been chosen to describe and deliver an in depth analysis of the importance and
consequences of the event.
Historical Background
Fenian Raids is recognized as the series of abortive armed invasion or attack
that was led by the Irish- nationalist secret society, or the Fenians. The society was
founded by James Stephens in Ireland and John O’ Mahony in United States. The
background of the event was followed by the Fenian Raid that took place at New
Brunswick (Grodzinski, 2015). The threat on this region was peaked at its most
extreme phase. The Fenian Brotherhood party reached at the Maine shore in order
to seize Campobello from the British government. The British responded with greater
force that discouraged the Fenians. The invasion triggered the idea of providing
protection to New Brunswick by participating the British North American force, or the
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3THE FENIAN RAID
colonies of Nova Scotia and specifically the United Province of Canada, now known
as New Ontario and Quebec, in order to form the Dominion of Canada.
Connection of the course with the topic chosen
A new Heritage dedicated to the chosen topic is needed because it is the
event that exemplifies the sufferance of the Irish society due to a powerful blow
caused by the Britain and further its effect led to an immense massacre on the
Ireland based patriotic movement, and further the event witnessed the leaders being
scattered. In the year 1866 and 1870, Fenian raids into Canada have been projected
as an essential subject to pay attention on the part of the apologists, participants and
generations of historians over the past twenty decades (Grodzinski, 2015). The
event reverberates the event of cross border invasion. However, it did not go well as
planned until the participation of more Irish immigrants.
New Minutes Heritage
Heritage Minutes is recognized as the series of short film with duration of sixty
seconds illustrating the Canadian history, in which the storylines, myths, historical
event is integrated. The New Minutes Heritage is required to show the significance of
the event, Fenian raid as it is associated greatly with the historical consequence. The
effect is highlighted in the aftermath of the American Civil War, and the fact that
during that time the Fenian militancy marked the need of united British North
America. The Fenian Raids is not prominent enough to be paid attention in the
course of Canadian history. Thereby, it is necessary to involve the concepts of the
factors of Confederation (McIntosh, 2020). Through the course of series of conflicts
and raids initiated by the Fenians, the Canadian improved their defensive system
and being an inexeperienced force, they improved their skills to fight against the
colonies of Nova Scotia and specifically the United Province of Canada, now known
as New Ontario and Quebec, in order to form the Dominion of Canada.
Connection of the course with the topic chosen
A new Heritage dedicated to the chosen topic is needed because it is the
event that exemplifies the sufferance of the Irish society due to a powerful blow
caused by the Britain and further its effect led to an immense massacre on the
Ireland based patriotic movement, and further the event witnessed the leaders being
scattered. In the year 1866 and 1870, Fenian raids into Canada have been projected
as an essential subject to pay attention on the part of the apologists, participants and
generations of historians over the past twenty decades (Grodzinski, 2015). The
event reverberates the event of cross border invasion. However, it did not go well as
planned until the participation of more Irish immigrants.
New Minutes Heritage
Heritage Minutes is recognized as the series of short film with duration of sixty
seconds illustrating the Canadian history, in which the storylines, myths, historical
event is integrated. The New Minutes Heritage is required to show the significance of
the event, Fenian raid as it is associated greatly with the historical consequence. The
effect is highlighted in the aftermath of the American Civil War, and the fact that
during that time the Fenian militancy marked the need of united British North
America. The Fenian Raids is not prominent enough to be paid attention in the
course of Canadian history. Thereby, it is necessary to involve the concepts of the
factors of Confederation (McIntosh, 2020). Through the course of series of conflicts
and raids initiated by the Fenians, the Canadian improved their defensive system
and being an inexeperienced force, they improved their skills to fight against the
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4THE FENIAN RAID
Fenians. Most importantly, the threats of raids that were imposed on the border of
Canada, combined with concerns on the economy of the Americans and their military
strength, it led to the established of Confederation that further was recognized as the
founding of the dominion of Canada in the year 1867 (McIntosh, 2020).
Analysis and criticisms through the series of Raids.
As observed, the series of raids, through the medium of The Heritage
Minutes, it reveals that the impacts of the event is magnified in a greater scale
provided with the fact it intrigues people about the construct and the insights of the
Canadian History and Heritage. The criticism rises through the fact that the series of
raids were not the only reason that led to Confederation. The external and internal
forces came all at once that created an atmosphere where the Confederation was
favoured (McIntosh, 2020). The wave of Confederation began in the year 1864, that
is, before the Fenian raid took place. It is to mention that Canadian legislature had
voted in the favour of Confederation (McIntosh, 2020). However, in New Brunswick,
where the raid took place contributed to the defeat of the anti- confederation
government of the colony, and the fact that the Confederation would not have taken
place, if there were no support of the New Brunswick (McIntosh, 2020).
Throughout the phase of 1800s. The diversification of the oppressive British
rule along with the failure of ongoing crop and the degrading Potato Famine resulted
to an Exodus from Ireland (Grodzinski, 2015). By 1860, it is recorded that around 1.6
million Irish immigrants flocked into the United States and settled including leaders
like Michael Doheny and John O’ Mahony who were identified as the part of
Rebellion that took place in the year 1848 against Britain. These leaders founded the
Irish nationalist society or the Fenian Brotherhood, that is the American branch
Fenians. Most importantly, the threats of raids that were imposed on the border of
Canada, combined with concerns on the economy of the Americans and their military
strength, it led to the established of Confederation that further was recognized as the
founding of the dominion of Canada in the year 1867 (McIntosh, 2020).
Analysis and criticisms through the series of Raids.
As observed, the series of raids, through the medium of The Heritage
Minutes, it reveals that the impacts of the event is magnified in a greater scale
provided with the fact it intrigues people about the construct and the insights of the
Canadian History and Heritage. The criticism rises through the fact that the series of
raids were not the only reason that led to Confederation. The external and internal
forces came all at once that created an atmosphere where the Confederation was
favoured (McIntosh, 2020). The wave of Confederation began in the year 1864, that
is, before the Fenian raid took place. It is to mention that Canadian legislature had
voted in the favour of Confederation (McIntosh, 2020). However, in New Brunswick,
where the raid took place contributed to the defeat of the anti- confederation
government of the colony, and the fact that the Confederation would not have taken
place, if there were no support of the New Brunswick (McIntosh, 2020).
Throughout the phase of 1800s. The diversification of the oppressive British
rule along with the failure of ongoing crop and the degrading Potato Famine resulted
to an Exodus from Ireland (Grodzinski, 2015). By 1860, it is recorded that around 1.6
million Irish immigrants flocked into the United States and settled including leaders
like Michael Doheny and John O’ Mahony who were identified as the part of
Rebellion that took place in the year 1848 against Britain. These leaders founded the
Irish nationalist society or the Fenian Brotherhood, that is the American branch

5THE FENIAN RAID
recognized as Irish Republican Brotherhood in the year 1858. The society began to
prepare themselves for the movement (Grodzinski, 2015). Therefore, they started to
organize the flow of arms, money and provision into their land, that is, Ireland. The
Fenians, after being involved in series of conflicts, hey came up with new strategies
and plans to invade Canada West and East, now known as Ontario and Quebec.
The Fenians with their armed men approached towards Canada West and deprives
them of every possible British reinforcements (Grodzinski, 2015). They further
attacked Fort Erie to get the troops away from the Toronto in order to reach up to
Welland Canals. Following it, the Fenian were led forward by Lieutenant Colonel
John O’Neil and invaded the Fort Erie. However, while on their back they were
interrupted by the American Navy and were surrendered. The Fenian Raids occurred
while Canada was approaching gradually towards Confederation (McIntosh, 2020).
And here is where the argument arises that, it is the Battle of Ridgeway that made
Canada (Vronsky, 2016). The battle opened a way for the Canadians, the force that
survived and fought well under relentless fire and charges of batteries. Though nine
Canadians were killed in the battle and 32 men were wounded, yet the Fenians lost
more number of men unidentified number of men were wounded. Following the
event, the Canadian troops were along with the elements of the British 16th as well
as the 47th Regiments arrived, in order to make O’ Neil to retreat his forces back to
where they came from, that is, the United States. And this is where they were
arrested and surrendered under the American Navy (Grodzinski, 2015). The conflicts
did not settle here, the Fenians further were struck on June 8. The incident initiated
with troop of 200 men who crossed the frontier near Huntington, that is, towards the
south of Montreal (Grodzinski, 2015). With a significant approach and advance, the
troops were shocked with terror when they encountered or discovered the massive
recognized as Irish Republican Brotherhood in the year 1858. The society began to
prepare themselves for the movement (Grodzinski, 2015). Therefore, they started to
organize the flow of arms, money and provision into their land, that is, Ireland. The
Fenians, after being involved in series of conflicts, hey came up with new strategies
and plans to invade Canada West and East, now known as Ontario and Quebec.
The Fenians with their armed men approached towards Canada West and deprives
them of every possible British reinforcements (Grodzinski, 2015). They further
attacked Fort Erie to get the troops away from the Toronto in order to reach up to
Welland Canals. Following it, the Fenian were led forward by Lieutenant Colonel
John O’Neil and invaded the Fort Erie. However, while on their back they were
interrupted by the American Navy and were surrendered. The Fenian Raids occurred
while Canada was approaching gradually towards Confederation (McIntosh, 2020).
And here is where the argument arises that, it is the Battle of Ridgeway that made
Canada (Vronsky, 2016). The battle opened a way for the Canadians, the force that
survived and fought well under relentless fire and charges of batteries. Though nine
Canadians were killed in the battle and 32 men were wounded, yet the Fenians lost
more number of men unidentified number of men were wounded. Following the
event, the Canadian troops were along with the elements of the British 16th as well
as the 47th Regiments arrived, in order to make O’ Neil to retreat his forces back to
where they came from, that is, the United States. And this is where they were
arrested and surrendered under the American Navy (Grodzinski, 2015). The conflicts
did not settle here, the Fenians further were struck on June 8. The incident initiated
with troop of 200 men who crossed the frontier near Huntington, that is, towards the
south of Montreal (Grodzinski, 2015). With a significant approach and advance, the
troops were shocked with terror when they encountered or discovered the massive
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6THE FENIAN RAID
mass of Canadian and British armed men who were approaching towards them. It
was a decisive event. The defenders managed to seize the Fenians and defeated
them at Pidgeon Hill. The event recorded to be recognized as the end of the first
round of attacks that retained on for few years. However, despite of experiencing
several setbacks, the Fenians did not give up, rather they planned a new strategy
and following it they moved forward to invade Canada in the year 1870. While, the
British North America (Grodzinski, 2015).
Civilian specific
Following the immense magnitude of the Fenian Rad, The Shaughraun ,
made its English debut in the year of 1875 at the London’s most recognized and
largest theatre, Theatre Royal. It reverberated the Fenian atrocities and resulted in
attaining triumphal success. However, the play was criticized for the lack of political
interpretations. Boucicault’s plays happens to establish argument regarding the fact
that melodramatic happy endings were involved in place of revealing the magnitude
of political interpretation (Grodzinski, 2015).
The troops about which the topic is being analyzed, that is the anti- British
Fenian Army, triggered the colonial to build a united regime that would result in
gaining mutual protection. Ironically, with the cause of Irish Independence, the
Fenian raids and the immeasurable efforts of the military base of Canada underwent
drastic and severe repulsion that resulted in the blended support for the
Confederation of Canada in the year 1867 (McIntosh, 2020). Through the course of
these raids there were certain transformation that has been witnessed among the
Canadians, that is, due to several raids, the martial spirits awakened among the
Canada. The Canadian military force improve themselves by experiencing their poor
mass of Canadian and British armed men who were approaching towards them. It
was a decisive event. The defenders managed to seize the Fenians and defeated
them at Pidgeon Hill. The event recorded to be recognized as the end of the first
round of attacks that retained on for few years. However, despite of experiencing
several setbacks, the Fenians did not give up, rather they planned a new strategy
and following it they moved forward to invade Canada in the year 1870. While, the
British North America (Grodzinski, 2015).
Civilian specific
Following the immense magnitude of the Fenian Rad, The Shaughraun ,
made its English debut in the year of 1875 at the London’s most recognized and
largest theatre, Theatre Royal. It reverberated the Fenian atrocities and resulted in
attaining triumphal success. However, the play was criticized for the lack of political
interpretations. Boucicault’s plays happens to establish argument regarding the fact
that melodramatic happy endings were involved in place of revealing the magnitude
of political interpretation (Grodzinski, 2015).
The troops about which the topic is being analyzed, that is the anti- British
Fenian Army, triggered the colonial to build a united regime that would result in
gaining mutual protection. Ironically, with the cause of Irish Independence, the
Fenian raids and the immeasurable efforts of the military base of Canada underwent
drastic and severe repulsion that resulted in the blended support for the
Confederation of Canada in the year 1867 (McIntosh, 2020). Through the course of
these raids there were certain transformation that has been witnessed among the
Canadians, that is, due to several raids, the martial spirits awakened among the
Canada. The Canadian military force improve themselves by experiencing their poor
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7THE FENIAN RAID
performance. The greatest consequence of Fenian Raids was in the improving
sense of Canadian patriotism that led theme further to lead the provinces into a
Confederation (McIntosh, 2020). This was indeed a needful event for self defense
and survival The Fenian raids made the Canadian military force to realize that safety
unites people and it has been the real reason that resulted in creating the modern or
contemporary nation state of Canada.
performance. The greatest consequence of Fenian Raids was in the improving
sense of Canadian patriotism that led theme further to lead the provinces into a
Confederation (McIntosh, 2020). This was indeed a needful event for self defense
and survival The Fenian raids made the Canadian military force to realize that safety
unites people and it has been the real reason that resulted in creating the modern or
contemporary nation state of Canada.

8THE FENIAN RAID
References:
Emily, R. (2018). Heritage Minutes. In N. Thomas (Ed.), The Canadian
Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 26, 2020, from
https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/heritage-minutes
Grodzinski, J. (2015). Fenian Raids | The Canadian Encyclopedia.
Thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 27 March 2020, from
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fenian-raids.
McIntosh, A. (2020). New Brunswick and Confederation | The Canadian
Encyclopedia. Thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 27 March 2020, from
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/new-brunswick-and-
confederation.
Vronsky, P. (2016). Battle of Ridgeway | The Canadian Encyclopedia.
Thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 27 March 2020, from
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/battle-of-ridgeway-1866.
References:
Emily, R. (2018). Heritage Minutes. In N. Thomas (Ed.), The Canadian
Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 26, 2020, from
https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/heritage-minutes
Grodzinski, J. (2015). Fenian Raids | The Canadian Encyclopedia.
Thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 27 March 2020, from
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fenian-raids.
McIntosh, A. (2020). New Brunswick and Confederation | The Canadian
Encyclopedia. Thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 27 March 2020, from
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/new-brunswick-and-
confederation.
Vronsky, P. (2016). Battle of Ridgeway | The Canadian Encyclopedia.
Thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 27 March 2020, from
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/battle-of-ridgeway-1866.
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