HIV/AIDS in the US: Risk Factors, Transmission, and Statistics

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Added on  2022/10/15

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This report provides an overview of HIV/AIDS in the United States, focusing on prevalence, transmission methods, and risk factors. It highlights that HIV/AIDS attacks and damages body cells, making individuals more vulnerable to other diseases. The report details factors that increase the likelihood of HIV/AIDS infection, including unsafe sex, intravenous drug use, and sharing equipment. It also presents statistics on the number of people in the US living with HIV/AIDS, new diagnoses, and deaths, while emphasizing the impact of improved treatments. The report further specifies that gays and bisexual men are among the highest-risk groups. The report references several studies and articles to support the information provided. This report is available on Desklib, a platform that offers study resources like past papers and solved assignments to help students excel in their studies.
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Running Head: HIV/AIDS 1
HIV/AIDS in United States
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HIV/AIDS 2
HIV/AIDS is a disease that attacks and damages body cells which aid in fighting
infection, hence making the affected person to be more vulnerable to other diseases. There are
factors that increase the likelihood of someone getting infected with HIV/AIDS. The factors that
increase HIV/AIDS occurrence include having unsafe sex, uncircumcised man, having a
Sexually Transmitted Infection, use of intravenous drugs, having multiple sex partners and
sharing equipment like syringes and needles.
HIV/AIDS can be transmitted from one person to another through the contact of
particular body fluids from a HIV patient. These fluids include pre-seminal fluids, semen, rectal
fluids, breast milk, vaginal fluids, and blood. In United States (US), HIV is mainly spread by
having vaginal or anal sex with a HIV patient without using condoms or taking medicines to treat
or prevent HIV, sharing equipment that are used in injecting drugs such as syringes and needles
with someone infected with HIV and from an infected mother to her child during childbirth,
pregnancy and breastfeeding (Van Handel et al, 2016).
By the year 2016, United States estimated that a population of 1.1 million persons who
aged 13 years and above had HIV/AIDS illness that includes an estimate of 162500 or 15% of
people whose infection had not been diagnosed. In 2017 a total of 38739 people were newly
diagnosed with HIV in US and 6 dependent areas (Linley et al, 2018).
As of 2016, US has recorded about 675000 deaths from HIV/AIDS ever since the onset
of the HIV epidemic. But due to improved prophylaxis and treatments against opportunistic
infections arising from the infection of HIV, deaths rates from HIV have quite significantly
reduced (Hall et al, 2017).
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HIV/AIDS 3
In US around 1.1 million of people are infected with HIV. Among them about 15% or 1
out of 7 are uninformed that they are infected. Gays and bisexual men who often engage in sex
with other men stand the highest burden by risk group, representing an estimated 26000 of HIV
new infections per year (Parsons, Rendina, Lassiter, Whitfield, Starks & Grov, 2017).
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HIV/AIDS 4
References
Hall, H. I., Song, R., Tang, T., An, Q., Prejean, J., Dietz, P., ... & Mermin, J. (2017). HIV trends
in the United States: diagnoses and estimated incidence. JMIR public health and
surveillance, 3(1), e8.
Linley, L., Johnson, A. S., Song, R., Wu, B., Hu, S., Singh, S., ... & Morgan, M. S. (2018).
Estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States 2010–2015.
Parsons, J. T., Rendina, H. J., Lassiter, J. M., Whitfield, T. H., Starks, T. J., & Grov, C. (2017).
Uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in a national cohort of gay and bisexual
men in the United States: the motivational PrEP cascade. Journal of acquired immune
deficiency syndromes (1999), 74(3), 285.
Van Handel, M. M., Rose, C. E., Hallisey, E. J., Kolling, J. L., Zibbell, J. E., Lewis, B., ... &
Iqbal, K. (2016). County-level vulnerability assessment for rapid dissemination of HIV or
HCV infections among persons who inject drugs, United States. Journal of acquired
immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 73(3), 323.
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