The Jaipur Framework and HIV/AIDS: A Global Public Health Perspective

This report provides an analysis of the Jaipur Framework and its application to the global public health issue of HIV/AIDS. The introduction highlights the role of social determinants of health (SDH), particularly socioeconomic factors, in the prevalence of HIV/AIDS. The report summarizes the Jaipur Framework, which explains the social vulnerability and susceptibility of populations to disease, and discusses how socioeconomic factors are primary SDH influencing HIV prevalence. The analysis section explores the strengths of the framework, such as providing a means to understand the influence of socioeconomic factors and explaining diverse epidemics, while also addressing its weaknesses, like not considering other factors than socioeconomic factors and challenges in using indexes. The report then applies the framework to HIV/AIDS, demonstrating how it explains the disease's prevalence in different countries based on socioeconomic factors like income and social cohesion. Finally, the commentary section emphasizes the importance of adopting the Jaipur paradigm for governments to improve interventions targeting vulnerability and susceptibility in the context of social and economic expansion. The report concludes by referencing supporting literature.

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Global Public Health
Introduction
While seeking to prevent HIV/AIDS in the population, social determinants have been
seen to play a leading role in the continued burden of the disease globally. The social
determinants of health (SDH) entail conditions where individuals are born, work, as well as grow
old, plus the power and resources that influence these everyday living conditions. HIV/AIDS as a
global endemic that has been widespread in many regions of the world has been linked to
socioeconomic factors that predispose an individual to the disease (Edwards & Collins, 2014, pp.
143). The inequitable distribution of underlying social determinants of health is the root cause of
inequalities in health. Jaipur paradigm is a framework that explains and predicts the HIV
epidemic. The paper will examine the framework; analyze the framework and apply the
framework on the case of HIV/AIDS.
Summary of the Jaipur Framework
Jaipur framework is a mode that provides an understanding of the social vulnerability and
susceptibility of a specific population to disease, especially HIV. The framework has been
instrumental in promoting the understanding of the social and economic factors in the society
that makes a country or a group of population to be susceptible and vulnerable to disease and
helps to provide the necessary interventions needed to manage the disease (Mabweazara et al.,
2019, pp. 257).
Socioeconomic Factors

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Socioeconomic factors are the primary social determinant of health (SDH) based on the
model that has resulted in an increased prevalence of HIV in the society. The declining income
has made people to resort to risk behaviors that make them susceptible to HIV epidemic.
Susceptibility to HIV infection in a society attributed, which has been created by the interaction
of many factors that determine the frequency in which the epidemic is spread. On the other hand,
based on the framework, vulnerability explains those characteristics of a socioeconomic entity,
which ascertain the harshness of the effect probable to be caused by additional death, as well as
morbidity (Jhajharia, Verma & Kumar, 2018, pp. 581). The framework allows for better
understanding of the relationship between the disease and socioeconomic status within a given
population to provide a clear framework that will be used to treat and manage the disease based
on the understanding of the prevailing social and economic factors as SDH.
Analysis of the Framework
Strengths
The Jaipur framework or model better provides a means through which an understanding
of the socioeconomic factors influences the prevalence of HIV among women in different
countries across the world. This is the strength of the model since it addresses the different
socioeconomic factors that influence HIV in the society offering a better understanding. In
addition, the framework provides an understanding by explaining the diverse epidemics through
developing indexes or statistical relationships. The other strength of the model is that it develops
a better understanding on the relationship between health, socioeconomic activity inequity, as
well as the extent of social accessibility in managing a disease (Schmidt-Sane, 2018, pp. 1715).

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Weaknesses
The model has weakness in that it does not address the other factors other than
socioeconomic factors that influence disease. In addition, the use of indexes and statistical
correlations in the model have not been successful in understanding the social determinants of
health since some nations are richer with a high prevalence of epidemics, which makes it a
weakness of the model. Also, some nations, in spite of economic and social development of
determinants of health pointing to the prospective for epidemics are not facing them where the
framework does not address (Crockett et al., 2019, pp. 272).
The framework offers four extensive logical “types” of society that are: high social
cohesion and high affluence; elevated social cohesion and stumpy wealth; small social structure
and low wealth; and low social cohesion and high prosperity. These types offer an improved
comprehending of the socioeconomic factors that impact the diseases in the society where
socioeconomic factors are social determinants of health within the broader society (Cotesta,
Cicchelli & Nocenzi, 2013, pp. 47).
Application of the Framework
The Jaipur paradigm is applicable in the case of the management of HIV infection. A new
research of 72 nations demonstrated that high city persons’ rates of disease by the HIV were
powerfully linked to low-income, as well as disparate sharing of revenue. A society with greater
levels of unity and income registered slow decline with low HIV prevalence, while society with
elevated degree of consistency along with low-income, the degree of infection was maintained
by socially defined behavior. In addition, the framework showed that nation with a low degree of

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social consistency plus low-income the infection will be high over time and many people will be
vulnerable to HIV, while a society with short levels of social consistency plus high earnings, it
will report a sharp amplify in incidence of HIV followed, optimistically, by a greater decrease
(Igulot & Magadi, 2018, pp, 11).
Consequently, this confirms that wealthy societies, like the United Kingdom (UK) record
a decline in the prevalence of HIV, while African nations like Senegal may report a greater
prevalence of HIV because of the low income and high level of cohesion in the society. Uganda
shows a high prevalence of HIV because of its low social unity plus low-income that places the
majority of the population at risk (Mendenhall, 2018, pp.647). Countries like South Africa shows
a society with low organization plus high-income and reports a sharp decline in HIV/AIDS
occurrence. The framework shows that socioeconomic factors that include social cohesion and
income typically become a social determinant of health that has a direct relationship with HIV
prevalence in the society. The framework shows that IEC programs are appropriate in managing
the behaviors of the population in the society through education and other interventions. The
Jaipur framework shows that another intervention is through social and economic development
are important in handling matters of parity, human rights and formation of “civil society”
(Schulz et al, 2012, pp. 1707). This implies that HIV interventions that disregard these concerns
might be ineffective in the long-run.
Commentary
The Jaipur paradigm is interesting and should be adopted by governments. The effect of a
long-wave HIV can be hard to perceive; however, the paradigm may supply some preliminary

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approaches in perceiving what is taking place, plus to what degree, as well as offer a thought of
the way interventions targeted at concerns of vulnerability, as well as susceptibility may be more
efficiently aimed in the perspective of social and economic expansion.

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