HLTENN007 Theory Assessment 13: Comprehensive Drug Mechanism Table

This homework assignment presents a detailed table outlining the mechanisms of action and indications for a wide array of drugs. The table includes information on drugs such as Ibuprofen, Aluminium hydroxide gel, Phenytoin, Loperamide, Isosorbide dinitrate, Sertraline, Amiodarone, Amoxicillin, Clexane, Ondansetron, Clotrimazole, Pheniramine maleate, Amlodipine, Methotrexate, Dopamine, Hydrocortisone, Risperidone, Povidone iodine, Sucralfate, Diazepam, Acyclovir, Thyroxine, Metformin, Actrapid, Atenolol, Salbutamol, Bisacodyl, Timolol, Phenylephrine, Oestrogen, Frusemide, Fentanyl Patch, Folic acid and Haloperidol. Each entry specifies the drug's indication and a concise explanation of its mechanism of action. The assignment covers a broad spectrum of pharmacological agents, providing valuable insights into their therapeutic uses and underlying principles. This resource is designed to aid students in understanding the complexities of drug action and clinical applications.

Theory Assessment
Version: 1
Date: October
2016
HLTENN007-TA Page 1 of
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13. Complete the following table (10-20 words each).
Drug
s
Indication Mechanism of action
Ibuprofen
(Brufen)
Pain Ibuprofen acts as by inhibiting the enzyme COX or
cyclooxygenase which is required by the arachidonic
acid pathway for the synthesis of prostaglandins.
Aluminium
hydroxide gel
Gastric acidity It is an inorganic salt which neutralizes the
hydrochloric acid secreted in stomach.
Phenytoin
( dilantin)
Anti- seizure Blocks the sodium channels in the neurons of the
brain
Loperamide
(Imodium A-D)
Diarrhoea Loperamide slows down the gut movement. It also
reduces the bowel movement number and help
produces less watery stool.
Isosorbide dinitrate
(Sorbitrate)
Angina Isosorbide dinitrate discharges nitric oxide in the body
which in turn dilates veins and arteries.
Sertraline
(Zoloft)
Anxiety /
depression
Sertraline works by inhibiting the actions of sodium
dependent serotonin transporter.
Amiodarone Arrhythmia
Stimulation of beta- receptors makes hearts beat really
fast and Amiodarone works by blocking these beta
receptors.
Amoxicillin Bacterial infection Kills the bacteria by inhibiting bacterial cell wall
synthesis
Atropine sulphate Organophosphate
poisoning
Atropine sulphate enhances the sinoartrial node (SA)
firing as well as the conduction in heart’s
atrioventricular node (AV).
Clexane Risk of Deep
Vein
Thrombosis
Clexane binds to coagulating agent antithrombin and
forms a complex which irreversibly deactivates the
clotting factor Xa.
Ondansetron Nausea or
vomiting caused
by radiation
therapy
Anti-Emetic, Inhibits 5-HT3 receptors resulting in
inhibition of the vomiting centre.
Clotrimazole Fungal infection It is works by interfering with the bio- synthesis of
ergosterol in a concentration dependent manner.
Pheniramine
maleate (Avil)
Allergic conditions Blocks histamine induced effects on smooth muscles of
the gut, bronchi, blood vessels and the triple response
on skin by blocking the actions of histamine on H 1
receptors

Theory Assessment
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Date: October
2016
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Drug
s
Indication Mechanism of action
Amlodipine
(Nordip)
Hypertension It is works by blocking the calcium channel and also
the calcium ions movement gets inhibited by it.
Methotrexate Chemotherapy &
immuno-
suppressant
In case of cancer, methotrexate works by completely
inhibiting DHFR or dihydrofolate reductase.
Dopamine Parkinsonism Dopamine works by enhancing the pumping strength
of heart which in turn improves the blood flow in
kidney.
Hydrocortisone Allergic reaction,
skin conditions,
ulcerative colitis,
arthritis, lupus
and respiratory
disorders
Hydrocortisone is made by adrenal gland and works by
reducing the body’s response to immune system.
Risperidone
( Risperdal
)
Anti-psychotic Risperidone works by inhibiting the serotonergic 5-
HT2A and dopaminergic D2 receptors.
Povidone iodine Skin infection Free iodine released by povidone iodine kills
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells oxidation and
iodination.
Sucralfate
(carafate)
Gastric/
duodenal ulcer
Sulfate and aluminum complex in sucralfate binds with
ulcers in gastrointestinal tract and physically protects it from
stomach acid.
Acyclovir herpes simplex
virus infections,
chickenpox and
shingles
Acyclovir acts as specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase
of herpesvirus.
Diazepam (Valium) Benzodiazepine-
Anxiolytic -
Hypnotic
Diazepam acts by non- specifically binding to the
benzodiazepine receptors.
Thyroxine Hypothyroidism Thyroxine released in to the bloodstream from thyroid
gland and converted into its active form known as
triiodothyronine.
Metformin Blood glucose
level
Lowers Blood Glucose Levels by improving cell
response to insulin and lowering hepatic (liver) glucose
production

Theory Assessment
Version: 1
Date: October
2016
HLTENN007-TA Page 3 of
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Drug
s
Indication Mechanism of action
Actrapid Diabetes Mellitus
T2
Actrapid works similar like natural insulin and works by
binding to the body’s insulin receptor.
Atenolol Atrial fibrillation Atenolol works by blocking the cardio selective beta-
adrenergic blocker.
Salbutamol Asthma Salbutamol relaxes the muscles in the lungs airways
which makes breathing easier.
Bisacodyl Constapiton Increases intestinal motility and the secretion of water
and electrolytes by the mucosa
Timolol Glaucoma Timolol is beta- adrenergic inhibitor and it helps in
reduction of pressure inside the eye.
Phenylephrine
( Sudafed Sinus)
Nasal congestion Phenylephrine lessens the inflammation and swelling
of the blood vessels present in the nose.
Oestrogen Female Oral
Contraceptive
Oestrogen works by inhibiting the development of
follicle, ovulation and as direct consequences of these
the formation of corpus luteum.
Frusemide Edema Inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by blocking
the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter in the loop
of Henle.
Fentanyl Patch Chronic pain It is an opioid agonist and it is work by predominantly
interacting with opioid mu- receptor.
Folic acid
(Megafol- 5)
Folic acid
deficiency anemia
Folic acid is a B-Complex vitamin and help produce
red blood cells for body.
Haloperidol
(Serenace)
Major
antipsychotic
Haloperidol maintain the balances of dopamine level,
thus enhancing the mood, thinking and behaviour.