HLTENN012 Workbook Solution: Implement & Monitor Chronic Care

This assignment provides detailed solutions to a workbook focusing on HLTENN012, which covers the implementation and monitoring of care for individuals with chronic health problems. It addresses various aspects, including the impact of chronic conditions on different body systems and activities of daily living, and explores strategies, techniques, and equipment used in managing these conditions, such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy, hydrotherapy, Pilates, massage, and assistive devices. Furthermore, it identifies the signs and symptoms of specific chronic diseases like asthma, chronic pain, eczema, osteoarthritis, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The assignment also discusses the acute phases of chronic illnesses and outlines strategies to support clients in developing and accepting lifestyle changes to self-manage their conditions, emphasizing prevention and rehabilitation.

HLTENN012 Implement and monitor care for a
person with chronic health problems
Work Book
Student Name:
Student Signature:
Trainer Name:
Date:
Result: _______/60
Student Outcome: Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

All 6 questions in this workbook must be answered correctly to receive a satisfactory grade
for this assessment. You must achieve a satisfactory result for each question in the
workbook and include referencing as requirements to achieve a satisfactory result for this
assessment.
All answers must contain core mandatory information to achieve a satisfactory result. A
satisfactory result will achieve the minimum grade required. All additional correct
information will increase the grade up to the maximum for that question. For example:
This workbook is to be completed in your own time using available reliable sources such as
the course text books provided to you at orientation, credible internet sources such as the
department of health and other text and online journals available to you through the online
library service offered to all students and discussed at orientation.
It is important that you reference all sources of information that you use to obtain
information used in your answers. Referencing must be included and failure to adhere to this
requirement will result in a not satisfactory outcome for the assessment.
Reassessment
In the event of a not satisfactory outcome for this assessment task, the student will be
awarded further opportunity to submit work to the Trainer/Assessor. Where the student has
not been able to attain a competent mark following resubmission, a meeting will be held
with the student to re-assess the individual’s learning style and the assessment method. This
will be conducted between the Trainer/Assessor, the student and where appropriate, the
Programs/Training Manager.
Adjustment to assessment
Flexibility in assessment will be considered where the integrity of the assessment and
learning outcome is maintained. For example, a written assessment may be administered as
a verbal assessment and recorded by a staff member where a student has sustained an
injury preventing them from writing. Any agreement for an adjustment to assessment must
be documented in writing to the program manager and placed in your student file.
HLT54115 WB_HLTENN012 │ Page 2
What are the steps in the nursing process? (5 marks)
Listing all 5 steps will achieve a satisfactory result. (2½ marks)
Listing less than the 5 will achieve a not satisfactory result, even if explanation for those
provided is included in the answer
Adding a brief,factual explanation of each step will achieve an additional 2½ marks for a total
of 5 marks.(i.e. ½ mark per step)

Question 1
In the table below provide 1 chronic health problems for each of the body system listed and the
impact the condition has on the body system/s and on the person’s ability to perform activities of
daily living?
Integumentary system
Psoriasis
Impact on Body System
It is inflammatory skin condition in which itch and red plaques
occurs on the knee, elbows, scalp and other parts of body. it is
autoimmune disorder where skin production is too quick and
builds up into lesions due to overdriven immune system.it also
affects other body systems and can cause heart disease, obesity,
stroke and diabetes. It also has negative impact on mental health
that may leads to anxiety, depression, suicidal tendencies etc.
Impact on ADL’s
People with psoriasis may experience social discrimination and
embarrassment. It may lead to physical limitation that includes,
inability to participate in sports among children because of
cracked hands and feet, impracticability of managing household
work or going to work among adults. It decreases quality of life,
lost productivity and increases overall costs associated with
disease management (Anon., 2017).
Respiratory system
Asthma
Impact on Body System
It affects entire mucosal system of body. It affects immune system
of the body and increases the sensitivity of body to respond even
to harmless substances. It causes bronchial restriction, airway
inflammation and irregular airway obstruction.
Impact on ADL’s
It may prevent people from participating in activities like sports.
People may need to miss work or school because of this. It
decreases the quality of life as they feel more tired and
breathlessness in busy days (Jagoda, 2017).
Neurological system
Parkinson’s disease
Impact on Body System
It is a progressive, degenerative disorder that affects nerve cells
in the brain that produces neurotransmitter dopamine and are
responsible for relaying messages that control and plan body
movement. Hence affecting how people moves including how
they write and speak.
Impact on ADL’s
It increases dependency of patients on a care giver due to
impairment in activities like dressing, eating, walking et. Patient
may feel as being a burden to family and strain relationship.
Gastrointestinal system
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Impact on Body System
It is a common intestinal disorder that affects the large intestine. It
has negative impact on mental health as well that may lead to
anxiety or depression.
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Impact on ADL’s
It affects professional and personal life of patient. It also affects
their sex and social life .
Reproductive system
Endometriosis
Impact on Body System
It affects body by causing pelvic pain, that may be associated with
sex or periods. It increases the risk of atopic diseases like
allergies and asthma due to comprised immune system or as
state of inflammation.
Impact on ADL’s
It has huge impact on quality of women. It limits their work and
social activities. It reduces effectiveness while working and has
negative psychological impacts. It also affects personal
relationships.
Trainer Feedback: S ☐
NYS ☐ (_____/10)
Question 2
Define the strategies, techniques and equipment listed below and explain their role in managing
chronic health conditions:
Physiotherapy
It is a treatment method that focuses on the science of movement and helps people to maximize,
maintain and restore their function, motion, physical strength and other physical health issues.
it helps in treatment, prevention and management of chronic diseases like diabetes, obesity,
arthritis. Physiotherapy preventions involving physical exercise, prescription, patient participation in
programs that maintain and enhance physical well-being that improves the quality of life.
Occupational therapy
It is a therapy that helps people to develop or recover skills needed for the activities of daily living,
that includes leisure, independent living, selfcare and work.
It also helps individuals with chronic condition to self-manage their illness, making condition less
painful, less fatiguing and more enjoying.
Hydrotherapy
It is a treatment method of several diseases that mostly uses technique of exercising in water to
mobilize stiff joints and to strengthen weekend muscle.
It uses hot and cold water, steam and water pressure, to stimulate relief, soothe pain and helps to
manage symptoms and treat chronic disease.
Pilates
It is a system of exercises that uses special apparatus to improve flexibility, physical strength, posture
and enhance mental awareness.
Pilates exercise for chronic pain like Fibromyalgia, arthritis, back pain etc. helps by reducing primary
muscular system of the body to offload the joints and other important parts of the body, ultimately
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reducing pain. It also helps by reducing muscle stiffness, increasing flexibility, better posture,
improved function by making daily activities easier etc.
Massage
It is a therapeutic practice treating the body b patting, kneading, rubbing to stimulate circulation,
ease tension and reduce pain.
It helps to reduce pain in chronic conditions like fibromyalgia and arthritis, applying massage body
releases serotonin which is a anti pain chemical. People with chronic condition lacks sleep, so
massage is very effective at increasing deep sleep with less pain. It also helps patient with knee
osteoarthritis by improving stiffness, physical function and managing pain.
Art and music therapy
It is used by therapists for treatment of several disorders and health condition. It is a creative
opportunity for patients and families to express their emotions within an atmosphere of relaxation
and comfort.
It helps to manage chronic pain by enhancing the activity level and creative capacity as a healing
source, coping and experiencing social communication (Busch, 1991).
Wheelchairs, scooters
These are the wheeled mobility device used by people for whom walking is impossible or difficult.
People with chronic condition like back pain, arthritis use it for mobility purpose.
Walking aids.
It is a device used by a patient to improve walking pattern and safety while mobilizing independently
Patients with chronic condition like fibromyalgia syndrome can use this for mobility. It can also help
to lessen many gait impairments and reduce disability.
Prosthetics
It is an artificial replacement of body parts like hip, arm, leg etc.
It helps people with chronic condition like limb amputation to restore function or compensate for
skeletal and muscular disabilities.
Trainer Feedback: S ☐
NYS ☐ (_____/18)
Question3
Provide the signs and symptoms of the following chronic diseases or chronic conditions
Chronic asthma
It includes:
 Shortness of breath: Some people with asthma feel out of breath or cannot catch their
breath.
 Coughing: It is generally worse in the early morning or at night.
 Chest tightness: people feel pain or pressure in their chest.
 Wheezing: Squeaky or whistling around occurs while breathing (Anon., 2014).
Chronic pain including back pain
Chronic pain persists from initial injury like back strain or ongoing illness. It also shows symptoms
like fatigue, decrease appetite, mood change, sleep disturbance and limit person’s movement that
can reduce, stamina, strength and flexibility.
Back pain symptoms include dull and aching pain in lower back, pain travels to the legs, feet and
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buttocks, pain increases after prolonged sitting but feels better when changing positions, pain is
worse after waking up but better after moving around.
Eczema
It includes: intense itching, appearance of red rashes with bump of different sizes, crusting or
oozing, leathery, scaly or rough patches of skin, dry coloured patches of skin (Cloe, 2018).
Osteoarthritis
Signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis includes: Pain in joints after or during movement, joint
stiffness, tenderness, loss of flexibility, bone spurs and grating sensation when joint for movement
(Anon., n.d.).
Parkinson’s disease
It includes:
 Trembling in arms, hands, legs, heads, hand or jaw.
 Rigidity: stiffness of the limb and trunk, that may increase during movement.
 Postural instability: lost or impaired reflexes which can lead to adjust posture to maintain
balance.
 Bradykinesia: Difficulty to start movement and to complete movement. It also affects facial
muscles that can result in an expressionless of appearance.
 Parkinsonian gait: development of shuffling walk with a absent arm swig and a stoop
position (Heyn, 2018).
Stroke
It includes:
 Blurred or blackened vision in both or one eyes.
 Severe or sudden headache accompanied by dizziness vomiting or altered consciousness
 Numbness or paralysis of the arm face or leg
Trouble with walking
 Trouble with understanding and speaking (Davis, 2016).
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
It includes: Joint pain, headaches, hair loss, anaemia, severe fatigue, joint swelling, blood cutting,
problems, rash on the nose or cheeks called a butterfly rash and fingers turning blue or white and
tingling when cold which is called as Raynaud’s phenomenon.
Trainer Feedback: S ☐
NYS ☐ (_____/14)
Question 4
Many chronic illnesses and conditions have an acute phase. What does this mean?
Acute condition is severe and sudden in onset. Acute condition describes anything from an asthma
attack to a broken bone. While chronic condition is long term syndrome like an asthma or
osteoporosis (Anon., 2017). Many chronic illness and condition have an acute phase. It can be
explained from an example i.e.: osteoporosis is a chronic condition that may cause a broken bone,
an acute condition. An acute asthma attack is an acute condition that occurs in the midst of the
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chronic disease of asthma. Acute conditions, such as a first asthma attack, may lead to a chronic
syndrome if untreated. Therefore, acute phase is a crisis phase and if left untreated it may lead to
chronic condition.
Trainer Feedback: S ☐
NYS ☐ (_____/1)
Question 5
What strategies can be implemented to support and encourage a client in the development of and
acceptance of life style changes that support the self-management of chronic disease? Ensure your
answer considers prevention, treatments, client behaviours and attitudes
The strategies include:
The proper understanding chronic disease self-engagement. In daily life and the range of common
behavioural reaction to disease so that it will be easier to assist the patient behaviour change.
The other strategy can be behavioural goal setting. In this method, it is important to communicate
with the client to encourage and motivate for self-management.
The third strategy can be the effective communication i.e. listening to the patient concern actively to
encourage effective communication and self-management (Anon., 2005).
Trainer Feedback: S ☐
NYS ☐ (_____/8)
Question 6
List and describe 4 Models of Chronic Disease
The chronic disease models are as follows (Grover & Joshi, 2015):
Chronic Care Model is a model of care which designs the significant elements of chronic disease
care. This model assist in providing guidance required for affective chronic disease care instead of
acute, episodic health system.
Improving Chronic Illness Care is a combination of both medical science and health care delivery
system in such a way that the patient with chronic disease can receive proper diagnosis and care.
Innovative Care for Chronic Condition: The WHO describe it as an expansion of chronic care
model to provide a framework for restructuring healthcare for chronic condition.
Stanford Model: The main aim of this model is to help the patients with skills and self-efficacy in
order to manage their chronic condition regardless of any specific diagnosis.
Trainer Feedback: S ☐
NYS ☐ (_____/4)
Result:
Satisfactory Not Satisfactory
_______/60
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References
Anon., 2005. Supporting Self-management in Patients with Chronic Illness. [Online]
Available at: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/1015/p1503.html
[Accessed 18 May 2018].
Anon., 2014. Asthma. [Online]
Available at: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/asthma
[Accessed 19 May 2018].
Anon., 2017. Acute vs. chronic conditions. [Online]
Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/18126.htm
[Accessed 18 May 2018].
Anon., 2017. Living With Psoriasis: How the Disease Impacts the Daily Activities of Patients.
[Online]
Available at: https://www.mdedge.com/cutis/article/137000/psoriasis/living-psoriasis-how-
disease-impacts-daily-activities-patients
[Accessed 18 May 2018].
Anon., n.d. Benifits of Massage. [Online]
Available at: https://www.massageenvy.com/massage/massage-benefits/manage-pain-of-
chronic-conditions/
[Accessed 18 May 2018].
Anon., n.d. Osteoarthritis. [Online]
Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/symptoms-
causes/syc-20351925
[Accessed 17 May 2018].
Busch, M. H., 1991. Art therapy in chronic pain. PubMed, 5(3), pp. 115-121.
Cloe, G., 2018. Eczema. [Online]
Available at:
https://www.medicinenet.com/eczema_facts/article.htm#what_specialists_treat_eczema
[Accessed 17 May 2018].
Davis, C. P., 2016. Stroke Signs, Symptoms, Warning Signs, and Treatments. [Online]
Available at:
https://www.medicinenet.com/stroke_symptoms_and_treatment/article.htm#stroke_definition
_and_facts
[Accessed 18 May 2018].
Grover, A. & Joshi, A., 2015. An Overview of Chronic Disease Models: A Systematic
Literature Review. NCBI, 7(2), p. 210–227.
Heyn, S. N., 2018. Parkinson's Disease Symptoms, Signs, Causes, Stages, and Treatment.
[Online]
Available at:
https://www.medicinenet.com/parkinsons_disease/article.htm#what_are_the_early_and_later_
signs_and_symptoms_of_parkinsons_disease
[Accessed 17 May 2018].
Jagoda, R., 2017. How Does Asthma Affect the Body?. [Online]
Available at: https://www.livestrong.com/article/26162-asthma-affect-body/
[Accessed 18 May 2018].
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