Analysis of Homeland Security and Defense: Strategies and Overlaps

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of homeland security and homeland defense, exploring their primary missions, tasks, responsibilities, and operational aspects. It highlights the areas of overlap between the two, offering a recommended definition for homeland security. The report then delves into a new National Strategy for Counterterrorism, aligning with the 2017 National Security Strategy. It proposes key elements and focus areas for a domestic-focused counterterrorism strategy, utilizing the Ends, Ways, and Means framework. The analysis covers the evolving nature of homeland security, its strategic documents, and the roles of various governmental and private sector entities. The report also examines the role of homeland defense in safeguarding the nation against aggression and external threats, including the responsibilities of the Department of Defense. It further addresses the coordination and overlapping areas between homeland security and homeland defense, especially in countering terrorism and disaster response. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of a cohesive national strategy to address both domestic and foreign threats.

Running Head: HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENCE
HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENCE
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ANSWER TO TOPIC 1
The conception of the term homeland security has emerged over the last years. The
concept of homeland security was evolved by the terrorism outbreak of 9/11. Nevertheless,
before 9/11 the entities as the commission of United States and Gilmore Commission on the
concept National Security made discussion about the necessity to emerge the policy of national
security which was conceptualized at the end of Cold war and radicalized terrorism the
policymakers of law in United States after 9/11 terrorist attack evolve a new method to address
the issue of terrorism attacks. The presidential directives were dispensed in the concept of
homeland security (Lewis, 2019). The strategic documents that establish the concept of the
national policy of homeland security included in the national strategies that are advanced by the
Homeland Security Department. The enterprise of homeland security envisages state, federal,
tribal, local government in addition to that approaches of the private sector that need
coordination (Baggett & Simpkins, 2018). Homeland security engaged safeguarding against
along with that address to hazard threats. The activities of homeland security do not implicate the
reduction of complete threat and total protection. The debate regarding the development of the
concept of homeland security carries on as state government endure to implement and issue
strategy of homeland security (Kahan, 2015). The strategy document of homeland security was
delivered by Administration of Bush was the national strategy regarding homeland security was
revised in the year 2007. The national strategy relating to the issue of homeland security in 2007
fundamentally concentrate on the terrorism however the strategic plan in 2008 involve references
to the border security and hazards. Thus the national strategy resolves the issue of terrorism
which is evolved by the terrorist attack of 9/11 and attempt to blasting in the Airlines flight of
America 93 in 2001. Homeland security in the United States needs coordination as because the

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state, federal and also local entities have obligations for various activities of homeland security
(Lansford & Pauly Jr, 2016). The policymakers address the crisis and events like national
disasters and terrorist attack by application of strategies, operations and plans. These plans,
operations and strategies evolve to replicate the changing priorities. The concept of homeland
security emerges un pursuance with the emergence of plans, strategies and operations. The
homeland defence is the safeguard of the sovereignty, territory and domestic population against
the aggression and external threats (Radvanovsky & McDougall, 2018). The defence department
of United States is partially liable for the mission of homeland defence in the United States and
thus inclined to the response of Homeland defence with other agencies and department in aid of
effort of department of defence. The homeland security department in the United States and the
mission of homeland security are to develop from the relation and commitment of Americans in
the United States in the awaken of terrorist attacks. The homeland security department is a state
agency that is designed to safeguard the country of the United States against threat or attacks. It
is a wide-ranged obligation that involves border control, aviation security, cybersecurity and
emergency response in addition to that to stop terrorism and also to improve the security of the
country. The homeland security conduct operation for the purpose of preventing, deter, defeat
aggression and threats that aimed in the country of United States (McElreath, Doss, Nations, Van
Slyke & Wigginton Jr, 2017). The department of defence in the United States implement the
policy of homeland defence and the mission of the homeland defence is deterring, defeating and
preventing against aggression or threat as instructed by the president. The mission of homeland
defence is to safeguard the sovereign territory of the United States, critical infrastructure,
domestic populations against the aggression and external threats as instructed by the president.
The department of defence conduct several operations and activities worldwide intended to make

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contribution to the homeland defence. They are implemented in the operational environment
which includes land, air, maritime and also includes cyberspace. The main objective for the
implementation of homeland defence is to combat the military activities, operations preemptive
measures or operation for peace. The defence department through Northern Command
Combatant Commander of United States along with that Component commander on Joint Force
Maritime guard and alleviate the negative consequence of functional and organisational seams,
gaps and overlaps with the Homeland Security department along with the Coast Guard in the
United States in reply to the issue of the marine terrorist threat. The homeland defence and
homeland security functioned under diverse department though segregated by case law although
there exist overlapping areas in between the two particular divisions. The defence department
tackles the military activities and also handle the aspect of law enforcement and civilian. There
lies the situation that is inevitable that creates an intrusion in the character of others. The similar
situation happens with the military that can be called to aid normal disaster. Nevertheless federal
emergency management agency is the department of homeland security to maintain and assert
the obligation of response to disaster and recovery. Another zone of overlapping in between
homeland security and homeland defence in united states is far wider that combat terrorism.
Each department proceeding towards its goals in a diverse manner both assets and combat of
terrorist forces to eradicate homeland attack. Each department coordinates wherever possible to
progress the aims and goals for defeating the countries against foreign, threat and defence. Thus
the primary obligation, scope and hierarchy of the homeland security is to defeat the country
against aggression or threat both domestic and foreign.

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ANSWER TO TOPIC 2
The national Strategy regarding counterterrorism determines the absolute scope of threats
that are confronted by the United States within borders and also concentrates the application of
factors of national force to combat terrorist ideologies and terrorism. It improves the emphasis on
the networks of targeting terrorism that poses a threat to the United States and denying and
disrupting the capacity to finance. Mobilize, communicate, travel and inspire novel followers
(Trump, 2017). The national strategy combat extreme, violent and twisted ideological issues that
implicate to make justification for the homicide of victims who are innocent. The
recommendation for the national strategy concerning the issue of counterterrorism assists in the
terrorist who poses threat to the safety of America and in the prevention of future apprehended
attacks in addition to that to safeguard national interest (Goldgeier & Suri, 2015). The strategy
for national security and progress on the administration to date, however the national strategy
concerning counterterrorism overview the way the United States will combat the issue of
domestic terrorism and preserve the safety of America. The national strategy regarding the issue
of counterterrorism attains to prevent the aggression or threat of the United States. The strategy
prioritizes the counterterrorism effort of the United States against terrorist with the intent and
ability to affect the United States and national interest and restrict the oversea effort of the
United States that bolster directly the national security. The United States thus concentrates on
contradicting terrorism that threatens the citizens of America and their interest. The national
Strategy concerning homeland security in the United States is the response of formal
governmental authority to the occurrence of September 11, 2001, at the World Trade Center and
Pentagon. The four fundamental aims of national strategy concerning homeland security are
disrupting and prevent a terrorist attack, safeguard the Americans essential resources and critical

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infrastructure. Furthermore the strategy responds to incidents that happen and also endure to
reinforce the basis for ensuring success that is long term. The framework of national response is
the portion of national strategy relating to homeland security that is management guideline of
comprehensive emergency for the implementation of a scalable come back to the issues of
national relevance and disasters. Thus it can be concluded that the strategy of national security in
the United States sets the direction that has positive strategies to reassert the advantage of
America and also to establish the strength of the nation.

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References
Baggett, R. K., & Simpkins, B. K. (2018). Homeland security and critical infrastructure
protection. ABC-CLIO.
Goldgeier, J., & Suri, J. (2015). Revitalizing the US national security strategy. The Washington
Quarterly, 38(4), 35-55.
Kahan, J. H. (2015). Resilience redux: Buzzword or basis for homeland security. Homeland
Security Affairs, 11(1-19).
Lansford, T., & Pauly Jr, R. J. (2016). To protect and defend: US homeland security policy.
Routledge.
Lewis, T. G. (2019). Critical infrastructure protection in homeland security: defending a
networked nation. John Wiley & Sons.
McElreath, D. H., Doss, D. A., Nations, R., Van Slyke, J., & Wigginton Jr, M.
(2017). Introduction to homeland security. CRC Press.

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Radvanovsky, R. S., & McDougall, A. (2018). Critical infrastructure: homeland security and
emergency preparedness. CRC press.
Trump, D. J. (2017). National security strategy of the United States of America. Executive Office
of The President Washington DC Washington United States.