Hospital Stakeholder Analysis & System Design - Systems Engineering

This report presents a systems engineering analysis of a public hospital, focusing on identifying key stakeholders, their perspectives, and system requirements. It includes a context diagram and a high-level system hierarchy diagram illustrating subsystems such as the supplier, patient, and hospital staff subsystems. The report details the contributions of the supplier subsystem and examines the input-transformation-output process. A new stakeholder analysis is conducted following the hypothetical privatization of the hospital, highlighting conflicting requirements between the private owner and the government. A trade study evaluates the performance differences between government and private ownership. Additional constraints imposed by private ownership are discussed, particularly concerning the patient subsystem. The reflection section summarizes key points regarding stakeholder types and their power and interest within the hospital system. Desklib provides access to this and other solved assignments to support student learning.

[Year]
[Document title]
[Document subtitle]
Anushree Mistry

49004: Individual Assignment - AUT 2018 Full Name:
Student ID:
Contents
1 Stakeholders.............................................................................................................................................2
2 Context diagram.......................................................................................................................................3
3 Subsystems...............................................................................................................................................4
3.1 High level system hierarchy diagram.................................................................................................4
4 Contributions of the suppliers subsystem to the hospital system............................................................5
5 Input-transformation-output....................................................................................................................5
6 New stakeholder analysis.........................................................................................................................5
6.2 Conflicting stakeholder requirements...............................................................................................6
7 Trade study...............................................................................................................................................7
8 Additional constraints...............................................................................................................................7
9 Reflection.................................................................................................................................................7
10 References..............................................................................................................................................8

49004: Individual Assignment - AUT 2018 Full Name:
Student ID:
1 Stakeholders
Considering a public hospital as a system, the following are the stakeholders identified (Thompson,
2018).
Stakeholder Perspective
Government Government is a key stakeholder in this system. The government owns the
public hospital thus they have the highest interest on the hospital and also
have the highest power over the hospital. The following are the requirements
of the government on the public hospital as a key stakeholder in the system;
 The government expects the hospital to be fully operational at all
times
 The government expects the funds and resources allocated to the
hospital to be used properly.
 The government expects the hospital staff to perform their duties
effectively and efficiently.
 The government expects the suppliers to make supplies when needed.
 The government expects the suppliers to be paid for their respective
supplies.
 The government expects all services provided by the hospital to be
provided to different types of patients
Hospital staff The hospital staff is a key stakeholder in this system. The hospital staff are very
important to the system because without the hospital staff the hospital would
not be operational. However their influence or power is not very high as
considered to the government who owns the hospital (Gray, 2011). The
following are the requirements of the hospital staff;
 The hospital staff expect the hospital to have all resources necessary
for them to do their jobs.
 The hospital staff expect salaries for their jobs.
 The hospital staff expect supplies to be made by suppliers
 The hospital staff expect patients to pay for the services if they fall
under that bracket
Suppliers Suppliers are a key stakeholder in this system. Suppliers are important to the
hospital but do not have any influence or power on how the hospital is ran.
The following are the requirements of the suppliers;
 Suppliers expect to receive supply requests from the system
 Suppliers expect to supply supplies to the hospital
 Suppliers expect to be paid by the hospital for their supplies.
Patients Patients are another key stakeholder in this system. Patients have low
influence or power on how the hospital as a system works but should be
closely monitor as the hospital functions to serve them. The following are the
requirements of the patients;
 Patients expect to get services when they visit the hospital
 Patients expects the hospital to keep a record of their visits.

49004: Individual Assignment - AUT 2018 Full Name:
Student ID:
2 Context diagram
Figure 1: Context Diagram
3 Subsystems
The three subsystems identified for this system are;

49004: Individual Assignment - AUT 2018 Full Name:
Student ID:
 Supplier subsystem
 Patient subsystem
 Hospital staff subsystem.
3.1 High level system hierarchy diagram
Figure 2: high level system hierarchy diagram
4 Contributions of the suppliers subsystem to the hospital
system
The following are the contributions that the supplier subsystem needs to make to the hospital system;

49004: Individual Assignment - AUT 2018 Full Name:
Student ID:
Supplier subsystem Hospital system
The supplier subsystem should keep a record of
all suppliers who make supplies to the hospital
The hospital system should be able to use the
supplier subsystem to get a list of all suppliers
who make supplies to the hospital.
The supplier subsystem should keep a record of
all supplies made by the suppliers.
The hospital system should be able to use the
supplier subsystem to get all supplies that have
been made by different suppliers.
The supplier subsystem should be able to keep a
record of all payments that have been made to
different suppliers for their respective supplies to
the hospital
The hospital system should be able to use the
supplier subsystem to track all payments made to
different suppliers for their respective supplies.
The supplier subsystem should be able to prepare
a supply request to be sent to a supplier.
The hospital system should be able to use the
supplier subsystem to make a supplies request.
The supplier subsystem should be able to accept
goods that have been supplied by suppliers.
The hospital system should be able to use the
supplier subsystem to track goods that have been
delivered by a suppliers
The supplier subsystem should be able to show
all items that are running out and need to be
supplied by a certain supplier.
The hospital system should be able to use the
supplier subsystem to know all the items that are
running out and need to be supplied by a certain
supplier.
5 Input-transformation-output
For the supplier sub system to keep a record of all suppliers who make supplies to the hospital, the
following input-transformation-output is needed (Nickols, 2012);
Input Transformation Output
Supplier details Save details in the database Supplier reports
The hospital is privatized and now owned by a private company that operates for profit.
6 New stakeholder analysis
Stakeholder Perspective
Private owner Private owner is a key stakeholder in this system. The private owner has the
highest influence or power on the hospital system. The private owner also has
the highest interest on the hospital because he or she expects returns on
investments (Gudavajhala, 2017). The following are the requirements of the
government on the public hospital as a key stakeholder in the system;
 The private owner expects the hospital to be fully operational at all
times
 The private owner expects the funds and resources allocated to the
hospital to be used properly.
 The private owner expects the hospital staff to perform their duties
effectively and efficiently.

49004: Individual Assignment - AUT 2018 Full Name:
Student ID:
 The private owner expects the suppliers to make supplies when
needed.
 The private owner expects the suppliers to be paid for their respective
supplies.
 The private owner expects all services provided by the hospital to be
provided to different types of patients
 The private owner expects the hospital to generate profits thus giving
a return on his or her investment.
Hospital staff The hospital staff is a key stakeholder in this system. The hospital staff are very
important to the system because without the hospital staff the hospital would
not be operational. However their influence or power is not very high as
considered to the government who owns the hospital. The following are the
requirements of the hospital staff;
 The hospital staff expect the hospital to have all resources necessary
for them to do their jobs.
 The hospital staff expect salaries for their jobs.
 The hospital staff expect supplies to be made by suppliers
 The hospital staff expect patients to pay for the services if they fall
under that bracket
Suppliers Suppliers are a key stakeholder in this system. Suppliers are important to the
hospital but do not have any influence or power on how the hospital is ran.
The following are the requirements of the suppliers;
 Suppliers expect to receive supply requests from the system
 Suppliers expect to supply supplies to the hospital
 Suppliers expect to be paid by the hospital for their supplies.
Patients Patients are another key stakeholder in this system. Patients have low
influence or power on how the hospital as a system works but should be
closely monitor as the hospital functions to serve them. The following are the
requirements of the patients;
 Patients expect to get services when they visit the hospital
 Patients expects the hospital to keep a record of their visits.
6.2 Conflicting stakeholder requirements
The conflicting stakeholder requirements between the private owner and the government are shown
below.
Private owner government
A private owner expects the hospital to return
profits for their investment
The government does not expect profits doe their
return investment.
7 Trade study
A trade study is aimed at identifying a preferred solution in a list of other qualified solutions. In this case
the trade study is done to address the conflicting requirements stated in section 6 above for a private
owner or a government owner. Different criteria can be used to evaluate the two conflicting

49004: Individual Assignment - AUT 2018 Full Name:
Student ID:
requirements but performance will be the main criterion used for this case study (Elm, 2012). Thus the
main question to be asked here is whether the hospital would perform better with government as the
owner or the hospital would perform better with a private owner.
The main difference between a private ownership and government ownership is that private ownership
requires the hospital to generate profits while the government expects the hospital to operate
efficiently without incurring any losses in such a way that it is able to sustain itself. However, the
hospital would perform better with a private owner because there is more accountability because the
hospital is expected to generate profits thus all resources and capital will be well utilized.
8 Additional constraints
If the ownership of the hospital is transferred to a private owner, additional constraints would be
imposed on operations of the system. These constraints would be imposed on the patient’s subsystem
as follows;
 The patient subsystem would be required to capture details of services given to patients.
 The patient subsystem would be required to capture payments done by patients for various
services or products.
9 Reflection
Considering a public hospital as a system, the following key points were noted;
 The hospital as a system has four different types of stakeholders; internal executive
stakeholders, external executive stakeholders, internal operational stakeholders and external
operational stakeholders
 The two main factors that determine what type of a stakeholder a stakeholder are power and
interest to the system.
 Internal executive stakeholders are the hospital staff. They have high interest on the system but
are not very powerful.
 External executive stakeholders- the external executive stakeholders in this case is the
government or the private owner if the hospital ownership is transferred to a private owner.
These stakeholders have the highest power and interest on the hospital.
 External operational stakeholders- These type of stakeholders have high interest but have no
power on the hospital system. These stakeholders are the suppliers.
 Internal operational stakeholders- these type of stakeholders have low interest and low power
on the hospital system. In this case, these stakeholders are the patients.
10 References
Elm, J. (2012). The Value of Systems Engineering. Insights. Retrieved 12 April 2018, from
https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/sei_blog/2013/05/the-value-of-systems-engineering.html

49004: Individual Assignment - AUT 2018 Full Name:
Student ID:
Gudavajhala, S. (2017). Top 5 Stakeholder Analysis Techniques in Projects | Stakeholder Analysis in
Project Management. Master of project. Retrieved 12 April 2018, from
https://masterofproject.com/blog/510874/top-5-stakeholders-analysis-techniques-in-projects-
stakeholder-analysis-in-project-management
Gray, D. (2011). Stakeholder Analysis. Gamestorming. Retrieved 12 April 2018, from
http://gamestorming.com/stakeholder-analysis/
Nickols, F. (2012). The Difficult Process of Identifying Processes. nickols.us. Retrieved 11 April 2018, from
http://www.nickols.us/difficult_process.htm
Thompson, R. (2018). Stakeholder Analysis. Mind Tools. Retrieved 11 April 2018, from
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_07.htm