Impact of Housing Reforms on the Most Deprived: A Critical Review

This essay critically analyzes the statement that housing reforms have disadvantaged the most deprived in the UK. It begins by exploring the origins and development of UK welfare provision, highlighting significant historical and contemporary landmarks. The essay examines the impact of social policy on various communities, including the effects of coalition housing policy changes, such as the 'bedroom tax' and 'Help to Buy' schemes. It also compares major ideological perspectives relating to social policy and discusses key contemporary issues for policy makers, welfare recipients, and other stakeholders. The analysis covers various aspects of housing reforms, including community-led design, empty homes initiatives, and the Welfare Reforms Act 2012. The essay investigates the government's approach to housing, its objectives, and the impact of these policies on the most vulnerable members of society. The conclusion provides a comprehensive overview of the topic.

Housing reforms have disadvantaged
the most deprived critically discuss this
statement

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
Analyse the origins and development of UK welfare provision highlighting significant
historical and contemporary landmarks in social welfare provision...........................................1
Evaluate the impact of social policy on various communities or social groups in the UK.........7
Compare and contrast major ideological perspectives relating to the operation of social policy.
.....................................................................................................................................................8
Critically analyse key contemporary issues for policy makers, welfare recipients, providers or
stakeholders.................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Social policy is defined as the policy into governmental or political settings like welfare
state as well as study of societal services. This incorporates of norms, regulations, principles,
legislation and practices which impact living situation conducive to welfare of human like
individuals quality of life. Moreover, this addresses how states as well as societies respond
towards international challenges of societal, economical and demographical changes and of
migration, poverty and internationalisation (Ade, 2020). The poor housing as the root cause of
deleterious residential environmental and, through implications known as housing reforms for
countering the threats which environment posed. The aim of this essay is to critically analyse the
statement, housing reforms that have disadvantaged the most deprived. The topics which are
going to be covered into essay are origins and development of UK welfare provision that
represents essential historical and contemporary landmarks into social welfare provisions.
Moreover, impact of social policy on various communities or social groups in the UK, major
ideological perspectives relating to the operation of social policy. Apart from this, key
contemporary issues for policy makers, welfare recipients etc. are also discussed in this essay.
MAIN BODY
Analyse the origins and development of UK welfare provision highlighting significant historical
and contemporary landmarks in social welfare provision.
Welfare provisions incorporates various services each facilitates a societal benefits. In
respect of Britain it has narrow meaning. Welfare state is that terms which renders advantages to
their society in to such areas as housing, unemployment, education, medical care and others
(Alexiadou, 2020). Along with this, the welfare state of United Kingdom started for evolving
into year 1900s as well as early 1910s and comprises expenses through respective country
government intended to develop employment, social security, education and health. Moreover,
this system have classified as system of liberal welfare state. Beside this, as the Beveridge report
of 1942, this has been determined as milestone into provision of welfare within United Kingdom;
this was not developed into a vacuum as well as has their roots into Poor laws so the reactions
against the abuses of workhouses, private charitable works as well as Liberal government
welfare reforms in year 1906 to 1014. After year 1942, some developments of UK welfare
provision are in 1944 Butler act were introduced which states that free education were provided
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to all. In year 1945, Victory for the labour party who opted Beveridge proposals as well as
proceeds for executing various social policies that became known as welfare state. Thereafter, in
year 1946, national insurance act was introduced. This is known to be the extended Liberal Act
of 1911that incorporate adults. Whole individuals of work group age has to pay board range o
advantages which includes allowance, benefits, unemployment benefits, retirement pension and
many others. In year 1948, Children act, this reformed that services available for deprived
children , combining existent regulation of childcare as well as developing department where
professional social workers practice would be formed. Respective act clarified that, it was
responsibility of local authorities for receiving into care any child who was without parents or
whose could not able to care for them due to any cause (Preece and et. al., 2020). In year 1959,
National insurance act, It introduced earning associated with pensions as well as contributions- a
key departure from Beveridge’s principle of flat price contribution as well as pensions.
Additionally, this scheme became effectual in year 1961.
Housing reforms
Coalition housing policy changes have whole further minimises the extent of United
Kingdom central government engagement into housing, the wobbly pillars of welfare state, as
well as few have decreased the contribution of extent through public sector in general. However
they has certainly impacted the capability of coalition both to attain their immediate housing
policy objectives for addressing structural problems, incorporating insufficient supply as well as
systematic risks (Boeing and et. al., 2020). Moreover, coalition have set few essential precedents
involving devolution into system of planning, setting housing association rents above traditional
“ social rent’ levels, considering development of social housing without public subsidy, lasting
security anticipation of tenure for council tenants as well as establishing housing advantages at
sub-cost levels, leaving tenants with deficit. Although there have been not any key changes into
homelessness policy, coalition modification have weakened the tow key housing components of
United Kingdom welfare state ‘safety net”, social housing as well as housing advantage,
transferring risk to person households as well as to few extent to social landlords.
In spends terms, assisting tenants into existent homes as well as its landlords via benefits
of housing, instead of supporting new house building, already dominated whole expenditures of
government upon housing when Coalition took authority. In contrast: whole other government
forms spending upon housing within United Kingdom were cut through 35% real terms in year
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2009/10- 2012/13. Spending upon new house building was cut through by 44% in exact terms
into year 2009-2010 to 2012-13. Also, the DCLG’s budget of revenue (that supports expenditure
through English local authorities upon housing like services to homeless individuals, housing
related support for vulnerable person as well as norms of private rented sector and another
services) for England had reduced through at least 41% in year 2009-10 to 2014-15 in actual
terms.
Housing differs into few ways from other policy areas analysed through series. Housing
has been stated as “ wobbly pillars within welfare state due to partial extent to that, this has ever
been undertaken above as government accountabilities as well as of social policy. The private as
well as voluntary industry plays a substantial role into housing policy whole aspects,
incorporating fund raising, decision making as well as even within regulation (Brotherton and
Cronin, 2020). Additionally, devotion as well as privatisation of housing have played substantial
role into moves to role back the state role. Along with this housing is unusual due to the way
where this was implicated as amongst the International Financial Crisis cause, through
securitized mortgages into USA. Also, Individuals attitudes towards its housing assets played a
role into shape of continuous reduction into United Kingdom. In addition to this, housing policy
boundaries are also specifically blurred: policy upon development of new housing extended
within planning policy in much wider way; policy upon housing finance as well as motivation of
house ownership extension into financial service and macro- economic policy; policy upon
housing affordability and lower cost rentals house extents via housing advantages into welfare
policy and others.
Housing policy is devolved to Scottish government, welsh government as well as
Northern Irish Government, as well as macro-economic policy and benefits policy are retained at
level of United Kingdom. Welsh and Northern Irish governments have weaker legislative
powers, though devolution gone through to evolve.
Coalition agreement into May, 2010 cannot be treated as coalition housing policy
objectives principal source. The key essential coalition housing objectives has to be determined
from an arrange of sources. Also, it has been analysed partly from evidence upon policies
themselves, as well as from resource devoted to them as well as its affects. The decisions of
budget have been among the key tools for as well as constraints upon Coalition housing policy
(Desai, 2020). Moreover, the agreement of Coalition included a number of specific pledges
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related to housing policy. This also involved a substantial various pledges upon system of
planning that has implications for new housing development. However, there were fewer than
half as several references to housing as well as homes as to health, schools and education. Along
with this, few of housing pledges were much minor (Raker, 2020). It partly highlights the limited
attention provided to housing into both conservative and liberal democrat manifestos. Some of
housing reforms, community-led design- The government had developed opportunities for
communities for shaping the designs of its areas. New norms of neighbourhood planning are
assisting to attain it, as localism Act 2011 needs that formers incorporates societies at pre-
application stage of huge schemes. For accomplishing this, National planning policy Framework
motivates councils for favouring schemes which have been developed into collaboration with
societies. Furthermore, the strengthening design support for societies through developing funding
available via design council (Feng, Cooke and Zhao, 2020). It complements support for projects
of neighbourhood planning as well as is already being hold through much creative local
communities. Empty home, just above 635,000 homes into England are empty as well as in about
216,000 of that have been empty for above 6 months. Moreover, the government is committed to
assisting local individuals bring empty home back into use. It is a sustainable means of
enhancing housing local supply as well as minimising pessimistic affects which neglected empty
home may have upon societies. Welfare Reforms Act, 2012, the social rented sector size criteria
which is broadly called bedroom tax intended to level eligibility for space of housing for social
rented that claim housing advantage down to that of private rented tenants. However, it was
levelling down instead of up (Haque, Rana and Patel, 2020). Additionally, though 559, 000
households were impacted when policy initiated, they developed up just 4% of that under
occupying overall. It intent to develop mobility, with through of freeing up huge houses.
Within year 2012, Help to buy: New Buy, This scheme intent to assists purchasers who
have a deposit of about 5% for purchasing a new build home. Moreover, it is smaller deposits
than is commonly needed. It also enables many borrowers for securing up to a 95% loan to value
mortgage upon new build properties from participating builder within England. Whole lenders of
mortgage as well as house builders are welcomed for joining the scheme. This was announced
upon 21 November, 2011 as portion of government housing tactics but was introduced on 12
March, 2012. Also, within April 2014, the scheme of new buy was bought under aids to but
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umbrella as this share the intents of Help to but schemes. In addition to this, above 70 builders of
house as well as 6 lenders have signed up to the schemes.
In year 2013, New Buy part exchange, On 25th January, 2013, respective scheme was
announced. In this, the builders providing the Help to buy: new but scheme will provide to
purchase a existing property of customers in advance of selling them a newly developed home,
alongside its 5% deposits. Locally led large scale housing sites, the government concentrates
upon supporting local ambition for new longer term societies as well as identifying unique ways
to aids communities overcome barriers to deliver homes they required. Into November, 2012, it
announced government support for assisting development of progress upon larger scale sites by
supporting local ability, performing across government for solving barriers to delivery,
facilitating access to funds financing which is effective. At Autumn Statement, 2013, they are
committed further £ 1 billion of funding for unlocking locally led housing schemes, extending
session by the years 2013 to 2020. Along with this, a prospectus for huge sites infrastructure
programme was developed in April year 2014 invited interested parties for bidding to fund. For
instance, the local development fund (Housing Infrastructure), a separate catalogue for £ 50
million of funding for bids supported through partnership of local business. Get Britain
Building, The government developed a £500 million “Get Britain Building” investment fund fro
developers, for addressing weaknesses into market of housing. More required houses as well as
jobs will be formed upon development sites which have delayed, have not initiated or are
categorised as being upon hold. New Homes Bonus, this grants paid through central government
to local councils for enhancing number of houses and its usages. It is paid per year for six years.
This depends upon amount of additional Council Tax Revenue enhanced for new – build houses,
conversions as well as longer term empty homes brought back in utilisation (Lacey-Barnacle,
2020). Moreover, it is also an additional payment for facilitating reasonable houses. The new
homes bonus about £ 1.17 billion allocations announced for year 2015 to 2016 brings whole to
almost £ 3.4 billion above 5 years among 2011 as well as 2016. Among that, £ 1.2 billion is extra
grant facilitated through DCLG.
Within year 2015, Starter homes, the government launched a new national starter home
exception site planning policy by a written ministerial statement to facilitate much discounted,
higher quality housed for young initial time purchasers without burdening tax payer. It obeys a
consultation upon proposals of government introduced in December in year 2014. The starter
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homes has delivered by this new exception site planning policy will be wholly available to initial
time purchasers within 40 years old, at a minimum of 20% less than open value of market, to
aids them in homeownership. Brining surplus public sector land back into use, the public sector
land programme intent was for releasing surplus public sector land with ability to facilitate up to
100,000 homes by year 2015. Through performing closely with Homes and Communities
Agency and another key land holding departments upon 4 March, 2015, this was introduced.
Future public sector land programme, the government will establish ambitious targets for public
sector land release among year 2015 and 2020 is committed to release land with ability for up to
150, 000 houses. HCA will be performing as government’s land disposal agency. This will be
focusing upon land sale that is surplus as well as developable for housing or economical
development. it facilitates a stronger commercial knowledge of market, combined with local
understanding as well as have effective connections with authorities of local planning.
Custom build housing, This is where a developer is contracted through house owner for creating
a custom built home or in which a private person develops its home as DIY “self build” project.
It kind of housing may involve single detached house upon smaller plats into rural areas, larger
local sites with various houses, self develops projects of community and Apartments blocks
commissioned through team of individuals into an urban area (MacDonald, 2020). As developing
its own house may be much reasonable route to home ownership as well as an opportunity for
owing a bespoke and sustainably designed, higher quality house. Moreover, this also provides
opportunities to small contractors and builders, develops local jobs can contribute towards local
economies (2010 to 2015 government policy: house building, 2015).
In year 2016, the Welfare and Work Act 2016 as well as amendment regulation needs
registered facilitators of social housing into England for minimising societal housing rents
through 1% a year for four years from frozen 2015 to 2016 baseline as well as for complying
with more needs of rent for new tenancies. This applies from April, 2016, in every of 4 relevant
years registered facilitators of social housing should minimise whole rent payable through
tenants into year by 1%. In case a tenancy initiates or ends during year, minimisation would be
upon pro-rata basis. For societal rent properties, the minimisation applied to rent component as
well as not to charges of service. to most reasonable rent properties, minimisation applies to
whole amount, service charges inclusive. In which societal rent is utilised as rent floor for a
reasonable rent property, decrease applies to rent component only (Ribeiro and Barros, 2020).
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Homelessness reduction Act, 2017, this is considered as one of the huge changes to rights if
homeless individuals into England for 15 years. This effectually bolts two new responsibilities to
original statutory re-housing accountability, duty for preventing homelessness, to relieve
homelessness (MacDonald, Shildrick and Furlong, 2020). Within year 2018, Government
announces new housing measures, it is to supports home buyers, develops more houses;
improve safety of building as well as creating a CommonHealth games legacy. It is committed to
deliver 300,000 houses a years through mid 2020 and introduced future plans for speeding up
planning system and develops effective utilisation of land as well as vacant building to facilitate
the house which communities required. In year 2019, single department plan, in this, the homes
as well as communities agency was reintroduced as homes England. Respective plan was
upgraded into June 2019; this set how in 2017 government aimed to attain an enhancement into
housing supply as well as put it on track for delivering 300, 000 extra homes a year upon
average.
Evaluate the impact of social policy on various communities or social groups in the UK.
As social policy incorporates of norms, regulations, principles, legislation and practices
which impact living situation conducive to welfare of human like individuals quality of life.
Along with this, it also addresses how states as well as societies respond towards international
challenges of societal, economical and demographical changes and of migration, poverty and
internationalisation. The key intent of social policies is to assure that all individuals into society
lives into harmony, afar from disputes and other. Therefore, the target is to assure societal
justice, development local balance, peace and integration (Martín-Consuegra and et. al., 2020).
So, it has impact upon various communities or social groups within United Kingdom. As in UK
social group and communities had a vigorous participation at both micro as well as macro levels
of policy practices, so having huge impact. As communities that are needed for intervening at
whole level of practices as well as for paying attention to socio –political social work aspects. It
permits them too has a holistic perception upon public requirements that serve to facilitates
effectual interventions, promoting equal rights as well as societal justice for involving into
societal activism which indirectly promotes modification into society. Policies have an affects
upon social groups as well as may bound professional capabilities for promoting efficacy into
service providing to audiences. This accountability of particular communities to abide through
NASW code of ethics by involving into policy practices as well as integrating this into their
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work with person into direct practices interference. Along with this, many resources required to
be allocated for promoting practices of policy as well as integrate into societal work
programmes.
Compare and contrast major ideological perspectives relating to the operation of social policy.
Ideology perspectives are considered as a body of ideas which represent the interest as well
as beliefs of particular country, political system and many others. Some of the major ideologies
perspectives in relation to social policy operations are Liberal ideologies, conservatives’
ideologies and libertarian ideologies (van Lanen, 2020). Liberal ideologies, liberal tends for
favouring more government interferences for promoting economical as well as societal equality.
Such as Liberals endorse optimum wages regulation, arguing that without intervention of
government businesses will consider benefits of staff as well as economical inequality will
enhance (Nieuwenhuis and et. al., 2020). On other side, liberals tend for opposing interventions
of government within private life areas like norms restricting contraception or similar sex
marriage. Conservative ideologies, this tends for opposing government interferences for
promoting social as well as economical equality, with an argue that free market will rewards
persons as per its talents as well as hard working. It also opposes government restrictions upon
person liberties that are protected into Bills of rights like rights to bear arms. On others side,
conservatives tend for favouring intervention of government for promoting traditional morality
like outlawing marijuana and abortion. Moreover, it also strongly supports expenditures of
government upon military as well as national security. At last, Libertarians ideologies, this
opposes whole interference of government into social and economical policy, believing that a
regulatory body exits for protecting private property (Rita and et. al., 2020). Moreover, this does
not have faith that government should govern morality or free market.
Critically analyse key contemporary issues for policy makers, welfare recipients, providers or
stakeholders.
Policy makers are considered as boarder term which undertakes whole individuals who are
accountable for developing or amending policy. At national level within United Kingdom, it
incorporates ministers, its advisors, and other who are officially appointed through CSA,
parliamentary committee member and other advisory employees (Pawson, Milligan and Yates,
2020). Moreover, policy makers are apt to be approached through huge number of individuals
that hope to influence its policies from lobbyists as well as interest groups, to constitute or
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academics. In addition to this, they are often time poor as well as tend to be generalists. Welfare
recipients, this involves those in receipts of state pension as well as income tops ups like income
support. Stakeholder is considered as a party which has an interest within firm as well as may
either can impact or be impacted through business.
Key contemporary issues: Bounded rationality, since, this is central to the formulation of
much policy theories, this contrast with an ideal type comprehensive rationality where a
policymaker have a efficient capability for translating their value as well as intent into policy
obeying a comprehensive analysis of whole preferences as well as its impact (Persad, Peek and
Emanuel, 2020). Rather, policymaker has limited resources as the time for devoting research,
information to inform decisions, knowledge to understand policy context as well as capability for
paying attention to problems. Uncertainty and ambiguity, Uncertainty associates to amount of
information policymaker have for informing policy as well as policymaking. Moreover, the
ambiguity associates to the means where policy mark understands problems of policy. Welfare
reforms, this was stated that welfare reforms would place key strain upon tenants incomes as
well as upon rental stream of Council. As lower incomes of many tenants more widely was also
described as real challenges for borough’s economy, stakeholder and other as well as allowing
huge investment into housing. Health and Safety compliances, as per the inside housing, there
was around 7.7% into annual repairs as well as maintenance spend previous years equal to above
£250 all over the industry. The huge raises are in planned maintenance as well as that larger
landlord with huge higher rise stock portfolio is affected much (Powell and et. al., 2020). So, this
is an issue for stakeholders as they have to spend more funds upon repairing if there is required.
Moreover, ignoring this develops problems for house buyers.
CONCLUSION
As per the above report this, has been concluded that, social policy is incorporates of norms,
regulations, principles, legislation and practices which impact living situation conducive to
welfare of human like individuals quality of life. Moreover, poor housing as the root cause of
deleterious residential environmental and, through implications known as housing reforms for
countering the threats which environment posed. Along with this, Welfare state is that terms
which renders advantages to their society in to such areas as housing, unemployment, education,
medical care and others. Additionally, housing policy boundaries are also specifically blurred:
policy upon development of new housing extended within planning policy in much wider way;
9

policy upon housing finance as well as motivation of house ownership extension into financial
service and macro- economic policy; policy upon housing affordability and lower cost rentals
house extents via housing advantages into welfare policy and others. In addition to this, Policies
have an affects upon social groups as well as may bound professional capabilities for promoting
efficacy into service providing to audiences. Apart from this, there are several key contemporary
issues such as bounded rationality, uncertainty and ambiguity, welfare reforms and others that
are faces through policy makers, stakeholders, providers, welfare receipts and others.
10