HR Policies on Expatriates in Qatar World Cup 2022 Preparation

This report provides an in-depth evaluation of Human Resource (HR) policies concerning expatriate manpower utilized during the preparation for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar. The study examines the significance of the research, the aim and objectives, and the research questions guiding the investigation. A comprehensive literature review explores living conditions, HR practices in Qatar, the role of political parties in personnel appointments, and controversies from the past World Cup in Russia. The methodology section outlines the research design, approach, and type. Data analysis is presented, followed by recommendations and reflections. The report investigates the working conditions of migrant workers, including issues related to the Kafala system, housing, wages, and legal regulations. The research aims to understand the challenges faced by migrant workers, analyze HR practices, and determine the role of political parties. The study also examines controversial issues from the past World Cup to provide insights for corrective actions in Qatar. The findings highlight the need for improved living and working conditions, fair labor practices, and effective HR policies to ensure the well-being of expatriate workers.

An evaluation of HR policies on expatriates’
manpower used during the preparation for the
2022 World Cup in Qatar
1

Table of Contents
TITLE:...................................................................................................................................3
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................3
1.1 Significance of the study.........................................................................................4
1.2 Aim and Objectives.................................................................................................4
1.3 Research Objectives and Research Questions......................................................5
2. Literature Review............................................................................................................. 6
2.1 Living Conditions ................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Human Resource Practises in Qatar....................................................................10
2.3 The role of political parties in appointing personnel from other countries.............11
2.4 Controversy of past World Cup in Russia.............................................................13
3.0 Methodology.................................................................................................................15
3.1 Research Design, Research Approach and Research Type ...............................19
3.2 Rationale.............................................................................................................. 19
4. Data analysis..................................................................................................................21
5. Recommendations and Reflection..................................................................................29
6. Conclusion......................................................................................................................31
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................32
Appendices.........................................................................................................................34
APPENDIX......................................................................................................................... 36
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TITLE:
“An evaluation of HR policies on expatriates’ manpower used during the
preparation for the 2022 World Cup in Qatar”.
1. Introduction
Qatar will be hosting the upcoming FIFA World Cup in 2022, becoming the first Middle
Eastern, predominantly Muslim country to host the tournament, which will also be in the
winter. It was estimated that a total budget of $6.5 billion, is spent to build the stadium and
training sites. The Doha government has signed with numerous Asian countries to bring in
migrant workers to build the infrastructure, including stadiums, streets and hotels in
preparation for the 2022 World Cup. According to By Stephen Castles, Mark J. Miller “The
number of migrant workers employed are close to two million, from the following continents
Asia, Africa and the Middle East.” (Migration in the Asia-Pacific Region, 2019)
The study will evaluate on the reports of the working condition of the migrant workers in
Qatar, including an investigation by The Guardian (2018) revealed that evidence where found
of “forced migrant labour on Qatar’s world cup infrastructure projects". Allegations of
labourers not paid for months, staying in horrible1 living conditions with no access to drinking
water in a country whose temperatures reach 60 Celsius in the summer and remain above 30
Celsius for 10 out of the 12 months of the year. (Average Weather in Doha Qatar, 2018)
In this report, there is discussion about HR policies which are framed at Qatar when
employees come to perform operations from different countries. People who visit countries for
the purpose of profession have crucial position because employment act are not appropriate
for this country. Employer have more authority to control them such as they take over their
passport, they are not allowed to talk to their native relatives, etc. are some crucial act
performed by employer and other authorities there. There is difference in legal rules and
regulations, so it is responsibility of managers of business at Qatar to take control it and
communicate them properly.
1 Very Unplesant.
3

1.1 Significance of the study
The study is to understand why migrant workers employed for infrastructure projects such as
building of world cup stadiums have to endure oppression at the hands of their employers.
There had been numerous cases of such incidences that had taken place in the previous
infrastructure buildings of stadium for world cup. Countries like Brazil and Russia, these
countries unlike the case of Qatar, had employed their own nationals with only minority
belonging to foreign workers, but they too had issues similar to that of Qatar with poor
working and depleted living conditions (Abdulwahed and et. al., 2013.).
Significance of this research is to understand living conditions of people who resides at Qatar
for earning money. There are some rules and regulations which has to be performed by
individuals in order to make legal and authentic relations among workers. There is difference
in culture of people, so it is easy to understand issues which workers place because of
change in trend, culture, etc. This research helps to analyse requirement of policies for
employee who come from external countries for proper managing FIFA world cup 2022.
1.2 Aim and Objectives
The studies aim to understand how the Kafala system works (Kafala is a labor migration
system which is used to monitor migrant2 labourers working in domestic and construction
sectors) extracts taken from the daily and past studies indicate that the government of Qatar
has acknowledged and aware of the issues faced by the migrant workers, as the ITUC
(International Trade Union Confederation-Building Worker’s Power) have issued a statement
requesting the Doha government to fortify the manipulative system of how labourers are
sponsored which affects two million migrant workers in Qatar. (March & C, 2015).
There is requirement of many workers in order to make World Cup 2022 most memorable, so
there is requirement of employees. This helps to take proper arrangements for people who
visit Qatar for this purpose. This is relevant for making facilities for people because this is
grand event for all the people. In this event many people are taking prt, so personnel are
hiring from other countries as well. Hence with this research, researcher is able to understand
situation of migrant employees while residing in Qatar, HR practices, legal laws and
2 Persons who moves from one place to another.
4

regulations, etc. There is discussion about controversial issue which arise in past World Cup
at Russia. This helps to take corrective actions in order to provide positive result to people
who visit Qatar for World Cup in 2022.
1.3 Research Objectives and Research Questions
The objective of this research is-
 To understand the situation of the migrant workers by conducting interview with 2
nationals (Nepal and India) on their working and living condition in Qatar.
 To analyse the Human Resource Practises in Qatar with reference to Kafala.
 To determine the role of political parties in appointing personnel from other countries.
 To access the Controversial issues of past World Cup in Russia.
Research questions
 What is the situation of migrant workers from India and Nepal while working in Qatar?
 What are the Human Resource Practises in Qatar with reference to Kafala?
 What is the role of political parties in appointing personnel from other countries?
 What are the controversial issues of past World Cup in Russia?
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2. Literature Review
2.1 Living Conditions
To meet the deadline of preparing the infrastructural projects for the tournament, hundreds of
thousands of male workers primarily from Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bangladesh
migrated to Qatar to work as low wage labourers. These labourers were from impoverished3
backgrounds, and had hoped to support their families with the wages they would earn, some
of whom had to pay sums of over £3,000 to get the jobs with the promise that this would be
compensated with the wages they receive (ITUC, 2014). This resulted in high interest loans
that they had to take which had high interest rates and some families had to mortgage family
property which also meant that they had to survive whatever conditions they faced as
returning before the loans were paid back would result in default and jail.
The local regulations set high standards for workers housing, allowing companies to house
no more than 4 workers in a room, banning the use of bunk beds, and requiring employers to
ensure potable water, air condition and proper ventilation in all worker accommodations4. The
Humans Right Watch had documented they’re visit to some of the accommodations of the
migrants, and found between eight and eighteen workers in each room, all workers slept in
bunk beds (Abdulwahed and et. al., 2013).
From conducting research it is analysed that worker are not living in good condition. They are
provided with small and conjuncted rooms which affects their health. There is no proper
medication to employees, so they are mistreated. There is no proper remuneration so they
are not able to live in good condition. This affects their morale of working but due to negative
financial conditions they are forced to work. There is n proper light and water facility. Eatable
provided are not of good quality. There is no legal laws and regulations for labours and
employer rule over them. Legal documents such as visa, passport and other ids are kept with
employer so employees are forced to work. There is lack of communication facility, so they
are not able to contact with relatives and dear ones. Hence from the above information it is
concluded that employees does not have good conditions.
3 Poor
4 Room or place to stay.
6

There are huge number of people residing in developing nations. There is difference in their
living standard because of imbalance in income level. Hence this makes difference in their
requirements as need as well. There are many countries which are part of developing nation
such as Pakistan, Nepal, India, etc. This is because these countries have low economic
condition which makes them different from developed countries. There are the many
government policies which helps to make improvements in living standard of people such as
free education, cheap rate food, etc. In order to make available information human resource
for planning FIFA world cup, 2022 management committee has to collect proper information
about it and then make resources available for them. There is requirement of personnel for
managing such big event and making changes according to requirement.
There is requirement of large number of employees which is relevant for proper operations of
event. These days’ demand of people residing in developing nation so these demands can be
satisfied with providing them appropriate amount so money. This helps them to reside in
society by satisfying all the demands and requirements. Qatar is the country which gets
employees with other developing countries which is significant for making changes according
to external market. Personnel selected with developing nation can perform business with low
wages which they transfer to their family members for their livelihood5. In these countries,
loans are cheap which helps to perform operations in effective and relevant manner. Qatar is
an urban country hence planning human resource for FIFA 2022 from this country is
expensive. Labours from developing countries are cheap and they are ready to work in low
wages to earn their livelihood. This situation is beneficial for developed countries as they get
low budget employees. So cost for performing operations is low (Aboraya, 2017).
In developing countries, situation of people is not good They do not have house to live, so
they are living in kuccha house in rural areas. But these days, there is urbanisation6, hence
people from rural areas have rental houses or shed areas to reside in such countries. Hence
there is difference in living of standard of developing and developed countries. When
management committee of FIFA 2022, plans actions for workforce from developing nations
so they can easily perform activities according to their basic requirements. This helps to
maintain cost of residing and affording them. These people are ready to give their best in
5 Securing the necessity
6 Process of making rural area urban.
7

case they get more money. Hence FIFA 2022 is big event which requires more labour for
performing operations in effective and relevant manner. It is essential to analyse their basic
need and then provide material accordingly.
There are many people who work in foreign countries to get their homes as they are
mortgage under government or other land lords. In case of non-repayment of loan, individuals
are sent to jail or their property is ready to bid as per legal notice. Hence as per survey, it is
identified that there are some basic requirements of individuals of developing countries such
as room with proper ventilation, bed, water, etc. which is sufficient for them to perform their
operations. With such requirements, they are satisfied and ready to work for more than
working hours because they are liable to feed their families.
In Qatar, there is issue of workplace accidents and injuries which is significant and relevant
for performing operations. As there are many changes which are taking place in external
environment, so if at work place new technology is implemented, then possibilities of accident
is high and possibilities of death and injurious is more (Abrar and et. al., 2014). There are
some laws related to work place ethics7 which are followed by managers of industry of Qatar
to provide satisfaction to employees.
Picture 1 & 2 (In appendix) show the depleted condition the migrant workers are living in
(Vavel, 2015) beds and some worker do not have drinkable waters in their own camp. The
conditioning has been broken without repair for weeks and months despite the high
temperatures, and there were some that lived in rooms without windows that were very
mouldy.
Another prevailing8 issue is that workplace injuries from labourers working on the WC project
are the third highest cause of accidental deaths in Qatar. The Ministry of Labour Qatar issued
a statement, informing the Human Rights Watch that only six workers had died in work
related accidents in the last 3 years due to falls (Human Rights Watch, 2012). However, the
reports received from the sending country embassies were contradicting, they reported a
much higher rate of death (Qscience, 2018). The Nepali embassy statistics state that 191
workers died in 2010, 19 resulted from work site accidents and a further 103 died suffering
cardiac arrest, due to harsh living conditions stated in this review (BBC News, 2018).
7 Moral principles
8 Current
8

Chart 1 – Nepal Foreign Worker Death Statistics - (BBC News, 2018)
Qatar has a very restrictive immigration sponsorship law which leaves workers under almost
uncheck control of the employers who sponsored their visas and have the power to sponsor
employers cancelling visas, register them with the police as absconders, subject them to
detention and deportation, deny exit visas meaning the labourers cannot leave Qatar,
passport confiscated, salary not paid all these have left the migrant workers from exercising
their rights and reporting employer’s violation (Ratcliffe, 2018).
Addressing the issues above, brings more inadequate redress to their plight, “ Qatar employs
only 150 labour inspectors to monitor the conditions of 1.2 million workers, none of these
inspectors speak languages commonly spoken by workers in the country and inspections do
not include workers interviews to assess whether workers have possession of their contracts
or passports, and other issues pertaining to their employment. Qatar also has a labour
complaint hotline, it can only receive complaints in Arabic and English, rendering this
reporting mechanism effectively inaccessible to most low-wage workers” (ITUC, 2014).
Even though Qatar’s Labour Laws were supposed to provide protection to workers by
requiring paid annual leave, setting maximum work hours per week, and end of service
bonuses. Employers are also required to pay wages on time, not allowed to confiscate
passports, recruitment agencies were banned from charging labourers’ fees and no work
during midday of the summer months (Qscience, 2018). Worall (2015) states that “Despite
the law is constructed to protect the migrant workers, there is no proper governance in their
system” whereby, the employers can still choose to discriminate the employees by way of
corruption and power. As the Ministry is quoted to say that there no complaints received on
forced labour (Worall, 2015).
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Another impending issue in Qatar, is that they are not a member of key International Human
Rights organisations, including the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
(ICESR). And the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Even though
unions are allowed in Qatar, migrant workers are not allowed to join them, there is also no
minimum wage and there is discrimination against migrant workers from the Indian sub-
continent (Lewis, 2017). As a result, migrant workers cannot unionise to protect themselves
and engage in collective bargaining, whereas in in Brazil, 2014, and South African, 2010, they
were able to do so and gain increased wages, and better safety and health provisions
(Human Rights Watch, 2012).
Conclusion of this study, Former UN Special representative John Ruggie has explicitly noted
that …”it is corporate responsibility to respect human rights that applies across an
enterprise’s activities and through its relationship with other parties, such as business
partners, entities in its value chain, other non-state actors and state agents” (Human Rights
Watch, 2012). All relevant stakeholders who are involved in the issues mentioned regarding
migrant workers have not engaged in conversations that have led to tangible changes that
benefited the migrant workers. ITUC has addressed several of the labour issues with the
Qatari authorities with no success and are proposing9 for rules to be added in the labour-
related criteria to the bidding process of future World Cups. That FIFA employs whistle
blowers to report on misconduct on health and safety code violations or other illegal activities
involving migrant workers employed at FIFA world cup constructions current and future
projects. For future world cup this should not happen, lives should be lost for the purpose of
entertainment, corruption and meeting datelines (Human Rights Watch, 2012).
2.2 Human Resource Practises in Qatar
Human Resources plays a vital role in sustaining the harmony of workers and their living
conditions. The Labour ministry in Doha under the kafala system is created to benefit the
government, employers and other entities through the migrant labours. It is critical to evaluate
the economic growth of the country through the migrant workers and this paper studies on
how the labour department can bring about the changes involving the migrant issue at hand
(ITUC, 2014).
9 Put forward
10

There are proper and legal laws which helps to perform business operations according to
legal requirements (Al Jaberi, 2016). In case of any misbehave with workers, then
organisation can be sued and this may create legal boundations for organisation. It is
responsibility of HR manager to analyse HR policies and then policies of association has to
modified. In case it is not done, then this can create legal issues for enterprise. When
employees are placed from different countries, then there must be proper information with
organisation then this is issue for association in case any query from authorised10 association.
Migrants have passport, visa which shows their authentication to be part of country and this
helps to have complete knowledge about people. When some employees are placed from
other country, then working plans policies, legal policies must be conveyed to workforce
which is essential for organisation to avoid legal actions against them.
In Doha, there are different policies related to human resource which is significant for
providing proper working environment to migrant employees. There are some specific laws
such as safe and secure environment act. Hence it is responsibility of management
committee at Qatar to follow them in order to work in ethical and relevant manner. In Qatar,
there are different issues related to migrant employees such as education, engagement,
expansion because it differs from individual to individual. In Qatar migrant employees are not
getting proper pay because there is no basic pay and equal wages principles. Hence they
have low living standard which keeps them dissatisfied with workplace. There is issue to
managing committee of World Cup regarding recruitment. Hey have collect Block Visas from
different developing countries such as Nepal, India, Pakistan, etc. Language barrier is one of
the major issue which is faced by migrant employees, so they are not able to understand task
and their job roles. When World Cup is announced in Qatar, then first major question is about
employee's right because their country has negative image in this context (Al Sowaidi, 2015).
2.3 The role of political parties in appointing personnel from other countries
Political parties refers to government individuals who frame proper rules and regulations in
order to maintain proper working. There are many companies in Qatar who hire individuals
from other countries, so political parties play important role in making strategies for proper
10 Official permission
11

hiring and their documentation. Qatar is the country which does not have good employee
parties which affects selection of candidates for World Cup Purpose. In Qatar there is system
of Kafala system. As per this system, there is more power to employee, so exploitation is
done for employees who are appointed from outside. In order to recruit employees from other
country, it is essential that government of Qatar has to obtain Block Visas. This visas
provided by developing countries which is permission to recruit employees from particular
nation. Hence in this case committee for World Cup can select employee from developing
countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, etc. In order to select candidate from
developed countries such as Europe is not possible.
Hence in this case it is clear that political parties plays crucial role in selecting candidate from
other country. There is demand to end Kafala act from Qatar in order to provide proper
services to consumers. Government of Qatar has proper documents of employees who are
hired from external countries. So in this case, there are some changes which is significant for
keeping employees retain, this is the proof that they are reliable and hence authentication is
given. There is objection by trade unions related to Kafala which is relevant for providing
satisfaction to consumers (Al-Ghanim, 2015). Hence in this case, it is responsibility of political
party to frame proper policies related to working hours, pay, promotions, etc. In Qatar there is
still ruling system by Royal families, hence in this case role of political party is decreasing.
As per current situation, there is less scope of working of political parties at Qatar. Hence in
this case, it is essential to make changes which is significant in policies, so workers at Qatar
feel safe while dealing with external changes. As in Qatar, World Cup 2022 will held, so in
this case, there must be proper and specific policies which helps to provide satisfaction to
candidates while they work there. As per these days, there are some changes which has to
made in operations which is specification in rules and regulations11 relation to hiring personnel
fro external country. As per change in requirements, it is essential to analyse changes and
then taking actions in order to make alterations in working environment of workers. There is
autocratic system of leadership in Qatar so people do not want to be part of such country.
Political parties has some functions which helps to create proper working environment to
individuals. In case of any issue between managing committee and migrant employee. Hence
possibilities of getting positive outcome is more.
11 Official rules
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2.4 Controversy of past World Cup in Russia
The similar story of Qatar, what had happened in Russia the intimidation experienced by the
workers, was a serious issue, but not the only one. Working conditions were dangerous, with
people working in freezing temperatures, sometimes reaching minus 25 Celsius, many of
whom did not have safety equipment (Williamson, 2018). The issue was intervened by the
ITUC, who conducted interview and had discussion with the Russian government and FIFA,
which came about the reform on migrants working and living condition. This relates back to
the human right bodies in protecting the migrant worker rights and how important the human
resources in tackling such issues (Williamson, 2018).
There are many controversies12 related to last World Cup at Russia. Some issues which arise
are discussed as under-
Mexican Homophobic chanting- In the match of Germany versus Mexico, fans of Mexico
chanted “puto” while goalkeeping of Maneual Neuer. This is the representation of slang for
male sex workers because this is opposing comment for other team. There are some people
who said, that it will be fine if proper players come out to play which will be with for Germany.
This statement is fined and thus creates lots of issues in World Cup at Russia.
Swiss Celebration against Serbia- Switzerland wins over Serbia with 2:1, so Swiss
goalscorers celebrate their goals with gesture of hands. These gestures are not positive for
Serbia. There re some people who celebrated on social media sites which is disgrace for
different newspaper. Hence, there is proper investigation over it. This is relevant and
significant for celebrating this decisions. There are some Serbian fans who wear clothes of
war which is negative sign for the nation's ethics and proper working (Almuhrzi, Alriyami and
Scott, 2017).
Croatian celebration against Russia- Goalkeeper of Croatian was celebrating World Cup
Victory against Russia with a slogan adopted by Ukrainain nationalists. As per code of Fifa
use of slogan is prohibits, hence in this case this is offence and there is proper against this
act. This gives impact on relations among Serbian and Russia which is negative for such big
event at Russia.
12 Prolonged public disagreement
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Group H fair play controversy- there is a match between Japan and Senehgal. Burt as per
performance of Japan, it is deemed that they win because Seneghal has yellow card. While
playing football team of Japan makes improper arrangements because they do not want to
get booked. With this football fans at Japan criticise their own team. This is the major
controversy in World Cup at Russia.
VAR controversies- In Russia VAR is the first time used in Fifa, so as per this people
deemed their assistance which is criticised by people. There are some rumours which may
effect environment of World Cup and creates issuers among teams. Here is negative impact
on performance of teams as they are not able to perform well while playing.
Russian Pension reform- While opening of Tournament at Russia, there is advertisement of
pension plan because there is increment in rate of retirement, so as per people residing there
it is clear that these things must not be publish at such events.
Sexism- This is also controversial topic, as while video there was an woman who was
coming on screen rapid, so in this case it sounds like glamours model and later on author
apologise for it.
Burger King social media tools- Burger king issued an apology for advertisement launched
on social media platform VK. As per this ad, they are promising hat the best football genes is
from Russia. This is the way to promote Russian teams from being winners at World Cup
(Ayaad, 2014).
Riots in France- There was situation of wars, riots after French win the match. There were
few French followers who died while celebrating victory. This is also controversial for event at
FIFA World Cup.
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3.0 Methodology
Research is the process through which in- depth analysis is done on some related topic.
Hence with the help of research different activities are performed in effective and significant
manner. Researcher has to plan different activities which helps them to conduct research
activities in effective manner. This helps researcher to collect information from authentic
sources and providing information from best source. There are some techniques which are
covered by researcher in order to get authentic data. This is discussed as under-
Research investigation- While conducting research, there is requirement of investigation in
order to give some interpretation and investigation over it (Bandirali, 2018). So there are two
methods to collect and investigate data. There are two methods of investigation i.e.
qualitative and quantitative data. In this report, qualitative data is used. As per this technique,
it is easy to collect information with the help of scientific method such as graphs,
mathematical tools, etc. Hence this provides relevant information to respondents about
research topic.
Research philosophy- There are three types of research philosophy i.e. pragmatist,
interpretivist and positivist philosophy. In this research, there is use of pragmatist philosophy.
This helps to collect information with the help to get best return as per collect information. As
per change in resources while conducting research. This is understood to make changes
which is significant for conducting research in appropriate and relevant manner.
Research approach- Research approach is used to analyse information according to
requirement which is relevant to give recommendations and conclusions to reader. There are
two types of research approach i.e. deductive and inductive approach. In this research
deductive approach is used because this provides complete information with covering every
aspect of research.
Time horizon- Time is one of the important component which helps to perform research
activities in effective manner (Cruz-del Rosario and Dorsey, 2016). In order to get best
outcome from research, it is responsibility of researcher to perform research activities in
authentic manner. There are many activities such as introduction, setting aims and
15

objectives, literature review, etc. so there is requirement of some specific time. This time can
be analysed with the help of time scale. Time scale is research technique which is used to
allocate different time to activities. This helps to get knowledge about current performance of
research project.
Data source- In order to intepretate information, there is requirement of collect information
which helps to give appropriate information about research topic. There are two ways to
collect information i.e. primary and secondary source. Primary source refers to method in
which researcher himself collect information about research topic. This is method which is
best because it provides information about research topic. Telephonic interview is used to
collect information from respondents. Secondary data consist of past studies and research,
online web searches, books, journals and reports. In this method, information is old and
irrelevant (CYRILL, 2015).
Sampling- Sampling is the method in which respondents are selected from whole population.
There are two methods of sampling i.e. random and non-random sampling. In this research,
random sampling method is used because this provide information which is free of biasness.
According to this method, researcher select candidates from the crowd without any partiality.
Research ethics- Research is conducted in ethical and reliable manner. In this research,
here is use of different techniques, hence information is significant and crucial. When
information collected is significant and authentic, then It is reliable for reader to accept
information.
Research limitation- Research is time consuming process, in order to complete all activities.
There are some changes which has to be considered in research. Hence there is lack of time
which affects data collection method. Hence researcher feels that with proper time,
interpretation is more reliable.
Research reliability and validity- Research is conducted in authentic and reliable manner.
There is no bianess in collecting information from respondents and they are selected on the
basis of non-random sampling (Damir-Geilsdorf and Pelican, 2018). Information which is
collected from respondents is used for research purpose only and confidential information is
not revealed.
Research budget- There is requirement of some specific budget which helps to conduct
research in appropriate manner. There is requirement of different resources such as
16

computer, internet connection, communication technique, etc. In order to conduct this
research, there is requirement of around £5800.
While conducting this research, there is use of qualitative data in the form of primary source.
Telephonic interview is used to collect information from workers (El-Sabek, 2017). This
interview is conducted through telephone conversation. The migrants will be asked to
describe about the current situation and condition of their life in Qatar, the living condition of
other workers and if there is any positive reform in the work culture. How do you propose to
conduct these interviews?
TIME SCALE
Time scale is one of the important and significant component which helps to perform
research within specified time. While conducting this research, there are many activities
which has to be considered which helps to perform research in appropriate and significant
manner which is completed on time. There are many activities such as introduction, setting
aims and objectives, literature review, methodology, etc. which has to be considered by
researcher while conducting research. So researcher uses time scale which helps to get
positive outcome because this distributes different time among activities. Gantt chart is
pictorial13 description of activities which are required to be considered while conducting
research. So with the help of time scale process of research can be understood (Farhad and
Slobodian, 2012). This helps to make team mates aware about research activities and they
perform it in appropriate and synchronise manner.
13 Expressed in pictures
17

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3.1 Research Design, Research Approach and Research Type
The research approach will consist of qualitative and quantitative data. The use of
qualitative analysis applied for interview by telephone with 2 foreign workers comprising from
Nepal and India working in Qatar. The participants were asked 13 questions and duration of
the telephone interview given is within 1 to 1 ½ hours as the workers fear that their
subordinate or one of the migrant workers might get them into trouble if known.
3.2 Rationale
Qualitative study was conducted to substantiate the research topic, due to only 2 volunteers’
emphasis will be given to quantitative data. For the interview the volunteers were read the
term and condition of the survey, they were also informed that it is on voluntary basis. Their
name and identity will not be disclosed in the event the data is used for publication purpose
(Hvidt, 2013).
First volunteer – Mr. Ram (Not his real
name)
From - India
Employed in the construction site
Profession - Engineer
Age – 40
Second volunteer – Mr. Mitra Mani
From – Nepal
Employed in construction site
Profession – Labourer
Age - 23
19

Children - 4
Wife – home maker
The first interview was conducted with
Mr. Ram (not his real name) from India,
age late 40’s, applied for the position
through a manpower agency in India. He
had to pay an extensive sum of levy by
selling his farm and cows. Mr. Ram is
married and have 4 children around the
age group of 15-20.
His son and daughter are currently
working to support the family. Mr. Ram
have not received his salary
accumulated for the last six month and
unable to remit money back to his family.
He works 10-15 hours a day with only
1day rest.
His passport is held the employer and
not permitted to leave the housing zone.
Mr. Ram mentioned that he and the
other migrant workers are living like
prisoner of war in Qatar. He would like to
leave Qatar and start all over again in
India even it be tough.
Mr. Ram expressed disappointment with
the locals in Qatar, especially the
The second interview was conducted with Mr.
Mitra from Nepal. Mr. Mitra has been in Qatar
3 months. He too like Mr. Ram had borrowed
money from friends and money lender to pay
the broker to secure this job. Mr. Mitra
mentioned during the interview that he regrets
applying for the position, Without the salary his
unable to remit money to his mother and
family nor pay the debts.
When Mr. Mitra first arrived in Qatar. He was
taken to a house and each room had 5 people
in it with no window nor air conditioner.
Mr. Mira regrets and hope to go back. but due
to the accumulated debts and no salary since
joining the workforce his left with no other
choice to continue.
Mr. Mitra did mention that one the first day of
arrival at the airport, the employer collected
his passport from him and all the other
migrants as well. The living condition id
depleted and it took him about 2 months to
adjust to the new environment. There are
times at he has to borrow his friend phone to
contact family members in Nepal.
20

employers and superior on facial
expressions and unable to communicate
nor understand the language they speak.
He and the others are terrified and
horrified by the way they are treated with
no proper drinking water in the desert
heat, air condition not serviced, cramped
room and unhygienic room, no window,
no money and restricted from leaving the
compound of the housing area.
Mr. Mitra is also worried about the death rate
among the Nepalese. He is unable to confide
in anyone nor seek help.
The two men who were interviewed were not in good health and struggled to focus
during the entire interviews. What they said supported the information about their living
conditions that were mentioned in Chapters 1 and 2 and it is only the fact that the money they
make from working in these dangerous environments is putting a roof over their families
heads in their home countries and that they feel they have no choice but to do this clearly
shows that the motivation they feel is survival, as explained in Maslow's Theory (Covered in
Appendices).
4. Data analysis
Data can be analysed by using two processes. One of them is quantitative, and another one
is qualitative. However, while analysing the data collected for this project only qualitative data
analysis technique will be applied (Saunders & etal, 2016).
Data analysis is the process in which information from respondents are collected from two
employee at Qatar. Research is conducted to interpretate14 and provide response on
research topic. Data analysis in this research is conducted with the help of thematic
approach. This is the technique in which brief introduction about research question is
provided. So it is easy for researcher to provide brief introduction about research questions.
14 To decide
21

Hence this gives appropriate information to respondents and they understand it in appropriate
manner (Imerion, 2017).
In this research data is collected with the help of personal interview from respondents who
are working in Qatar as engineer and labour from other country. As per discussion, it is clear
that people who come from foreign country for the purpose of earning money does not have
good conditions. They are targeted like prisoners and they do not allowed to leave Qatar
because passport and other legal documents are kept by employers. Questionnaire asked
from two individuals from India and Nepal have some changes in working environment.
Because of strict rules and regulation, people do not want to visit and conduct business their.
Hence there is lack of human resource and people who perform business there charge very
high pay. There are some questions which is asked with two respondents in order to
understand their view and collect information for the purpose of giving interpretation
(Jureidini, 2014).
DATA INTERPRETATION
Theme 1: Marital status
Q1) What is your Marital status? Frequency
Married 1
Unmarried 1
22

Interpretation- From the above discussed graph, it is clear that out of two
respondents one of is married and other is unmarried. Hence it is clear that married individual
has more responsibility as compared to unmarried personnel.
Theme 2: Number of dependents
Q2) How many dependants? Frequency
3-4 individuals 1
More than 5 individuals 1
23
Married Unmarried
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1 1
Frequency

Interpretation- When individual is pursuing job in other country, the they have some
responsibilities due to which they are far from their naïve place. Hence as per above graph, it
is clear that 1 respondents is unmarried, so he have less dependents. While other individual
is married and he has 4 children and wife. So they have more than 5 respondents. Hence it is
interpreted that individual having five respondents has more respondents are more liable
towards his family.
Theme 3: Time duration in Qatar
Q3) How long been employed in Qatar? Frequency
Less than 1 year 1
1-3 years 1
24
3-4 individuals More than 5 individuals
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1 1
Frequency

Interpretation- As per above graph, it is clear that out of 2 respondents one is working
from last 3 years while other is working from more than one year. Hence it is clear that
individual who is working from more than n one year is facing more issues an want to leave
Qatar and go to lack to native country.
Theme 4: Payment of salary
Q4) Is the salary paid on a monthly basis? Frequency
Yes 0
No 2
25
Less than 1 year 1-3 years
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1 1
Frequency

Interpretation- Salary is the component for which individuals are working in Qatar.
There are two respondents from whom information is collected related to their working.
Hence while asking about payment of salary, they both are not satisfied because they are not
getting payment within specified period. For instance: Engineer is working from ling time but
he is not getting payment from last 6 months, so he is not able to remit money at home while
at the other hand, other individual is working at from last 3 months and he is not getting salary
on time. This affects their satisfaction and they are not able to work by proper concentration.
Theme 5: Sharing of room
Q5) How many migrant workers do you share your room
with?
Frequency
3- 4 individuals 1
More than 5 individuals 1
26
Yes No
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
0
2
Frequency

Interpretation- Qatar is the country which has weak condition because of improper
facilities related to basic need. As per above graph, it is clear that out of 1 respondents who
shares room with 3- 4 respondents. While 1 individual is sharing room with more than 5
individuals. Hence in this case, individuals are not satisfaied at work place and they do not
want to retain country for long time.
Theme 6: Working hours
Q6) How many days a week do you work and hours? Frequency
7 days a week and upto 10 hours a day 1
6 days a week and up- to 10- 15 hours a day 1
27
3- 4 individuals More than 5 individuals
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1 1
Frequency

Interpretation- In Qatar condition of employee is not good because there is tight
policies which affects performance if workers and they do not want to work there. They are
forced to work very hard. As per interview, it is clear that out of two respondents one
individual is forced to work for 7 days and up to 10 hours a week. While other have view that
he works for 6 days and 10 hours a day. This makes them physically tired and many health
issues arise to them.
Theme 7: Remittance of money
Q7) Do you remit money back to your home country? Frequency
Yes 0
No 2
28
7 days a week and upto 10 hours a day
6 days a week and up- to 10- 15 hours a day
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1 1
Frequency

Interpretation- There is requirement of money in order to fulfil needs of family. Hence
as per above graph, it is clear that both the individuals do not remit money to home because
they have shortage of funds. Hence in this case, there are ,many problems which their family
is facing. One individual who has 4 children work to feed their family. This situation is worst
for individuals and they want to leave Qatar to live with their family.
Limitations
There was no letter prepared requesting for approval to conduct the interview. A set of
10 questionnaires were prepared. The number of questions had to be reduced to 10 only, as
the respondent will be contacted in Qatar after work. The arrangement was made through a
colleague studying in Qatar. She had met some of the workers comprising from Pakistan,
India, Bangladesh, Nepal and other Asian countries. They had declined due to fear of their
subordinate knowing about the interview which would eventually lead to termination While
others feared of severe punishment. Migrant workers who were confronted only Nepal and
India agreed to support and volunteer for the questionnaire (Saunders & etal, 2016).
29
Yes No
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
0
2
Frequency

5. Recommendations and Reflection
From the above discussion, it is concluded that Qatar is the country in context to
working environment of people who visit country for job purpose. As there is very tight
environment, so individuals do not wants to reside and continue to work their. It is
recommended that-
 Employer of Qatar must use some lenient policies through which they can perform
operations in effective manner. This is a significant for getting positive impact on
performance of individuals such as communication technique to interact with family
member's, timely payment, etc.
 Proper working policies must be communicated to workforce, so they are aware about
working rules and regulations.
 There must be proper formation of trade unions, so it is easy to make communication
between employer and employee.
 There must be good working environment, so possibilities of criticism for FIFA 2022 is
less. This helps to make Qatar best destination among in order to perform business
operations.
While conducting this research, I am able to understand the HR strategies at Qatar
used to plan FIFA event. With conducting this research, I am able to understand condition of
Qatar and their working policies, condition of people who resides in country, etc. This helps to
get me in- depth analysis of topic. There is use of some techniques which helps me to
perform research in best and authentic manner. So I am able to able to enable enhance
knowledge and conduct research in best manner. I am able to achieve aims and objectives
because research is conducted in ethical and authentic manner. I feel that there is lack of
time, so data is not collected in appropriate manner. Due to telephonic interview, respondents
have fear about sharing their views, so in formation can collected with the help of
questionnaire. I am able to achieve research aims and objectives because research is
conducted with proper guidance and planning. Team mates are aware about their roles and
30

responsibilities, so they are perform their task in best manner. In near future, I am able to
attempt such research in more appropriate and relevant manner.
6. Conclusion
From the above discussion, it is clear that there is impact on HR policies of Qatar to
maintain long term relations with employees. As FIFA World Cup 2022 is happening in Qatar,
so policies is required to be framed, so employee can hired from different countries. With the
help of this research it is easy to enhance knowledge regarding different technique such as
thematic approach, primary and secondary data, etc. to conduct research. It is easy to
understand different research activities such as introduction, literature review, methodology,
etc. which helps to achieve aims and objectives. In this research, there is use of primary and
secondary data in order to analyse research topic in- depth. Qualitative and quantitative data
is used so proper analysis of sources can be done. Telephonic interview is used as source to
collect information as primary source of data. With the help of proper tools and techniques,
aims and objectives are achieved.
31

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Appendices
Picture 1 and 2
Maslow’s Theory
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory was proposed in 1943 as a way of understanding
people’s motivations and how they are developed depending on where a person is along the
hierarchy of needs (McLeod, 2018). People have needs that they have to satisfy and the
classifications of the levels were safety and psychological needs, which is the survival stage
and people are struggling for food and shelter, social needs with relates to being part of a
group, esteem needs which relates to a person finding a place in that group before achieving
self-actualisation (McLeod, 2018).
Applying the theory of Maslow in this case study, defines that migrant workers are
motivated but the situation they are in does not allow them to look being the lowest level,
survival. To understand this theory we look, at the past studies and reports on the working
and living condition of the workers who have left their family for a need as these workers
come from a very poor country that has limited work opportunities to earn and support their
family. The migrant workers are not able to be motivated to move up the hierarchy because
34

their needs for survival are not fulfilled. They have incredible debts to pay off, and struggle to
survive the dangerous living conditions and also have social and psychological needs, they
are also humans with needs to satisfy and don’t like to be treated like slaves for wages with
poor and depleted living conditions (Ingraham, 2015). Many migrants have lost their lives with
no proper safety needs provided by the employers, whose need is to make a profit from the
migrant employment and meeting datelines. That they would still have to continue this
journey of torment for the sake of their families who rely on them to have a meal on their table
(Montague, 2013).
Questionnaire
1. Name and country of origin
2. Age
3. Marital status and how many dependants
4. How long been employed in Qatar
5. Work designation
6. Is the salary paid on a monthly basis?
7. How many migrant workers do you share your room with?
8. How many days a week do you work and hours?
9. Do you remit money back to your home country?
10. How easy is it for you to go back to your country?
11. What is the treatment offered if you are sick?
12. How safe do you feel?
35