CQU HRMT20024 T2 2019: Annotated Bibliography of Journal Articles

This report presents an annotated bibliography of four peer-reviewed journal articles relevant to human resource management. Each article is summarized, including the full reference, objective, research questions, methodology, findings, discussion, and conclusion. The report also details how each article contributes to a broader essay. The selected articles cover diverse topics, including the impact of augmented reality on student motivation, factors influencing technology use in early childhood education, the relationship between school attendance and achievement, and the adaptation of the technology acceptance model for e-learning systems. The structure of the report follows the guidelines provided, ensuring a clear and concise presentation of the research, enabling students to effectively research and analyze the articles.

Running head: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Human Resource Management
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Article 1:
Full References of the article
Di Serio, Á., Ibáñez, M. B., & Kloos, C. D. (2013). Impact of an augmented reality system
on students' motivation for a visual art course. Computers & Education, 68, 586-596.
Objective and research question
The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of motivation of middle-class
students towards a visual art course and the secondary objective of the study was to use two
different learning scenario such as the slide based and the augmented reality technology. The
study answered the research question whether there is any difference in students’ motivation
depending which of the two teaching scenario they used if there is any difference in the four
factors that measure students’ motivation depending on the two teaching scenarios. Lastly,
the study also addressed the concern that to what extent students are motivated by using the
augmented realty teaching materials.
Method
In order to answer the research questions the study used a qualitative analysis to
determine the acceptability of AR technology among the students. As there were constraints
imposed by educational institution, it was difficult to separate students into two different
groups like experimental group as well as control group. Thus, all students as the respondents
took part in both learning scenario and authors have applied a paired simple analysis with the
help of a paired t-test. Study applied a descriptive statistics to summarize the responses on
both surveys.
Findings and discussion

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It has been identified that almost 69 students took part in the study. To answer the
first question, minimum and maximum score of the instrument were 36 out of 180 because
the response scale range from1 to 5. Authors applied a Shapiro-Walk test of normality
distribution which was applied to identify the distribution of differences in the motivation
when two teaching scenario were considered. The result indicate that a statistically significant
differences was there in motivation between the students the course within TS2 and the
similar category of students following the course in TS1. When the discussion the matter,
authors state the fact that attention motivation factors could reflect the interest of learners
towards the activity carried out and the authors deployed the session by the use of a same
content of previous edition of the course. It can be stated augmented reality confidence
elements intend to measure the feeling of control as well as expectancy for success.
Conversely, because of the factors that the expectancy for success is related to module’s
assessment, a state of significant risk of confusion among the responses of both sessions is
found.
Conclusion
As per the findings of the study, there is a use of augmented reality technology on
learning environment hold a positive impact on the motivation of middle-school students.
Hence, the impact is analysed in isolation as well as in comparison with the conventional
course lectures.
How this article will contribute to Essay
Even though the article has been performed on the impact of augmented reality on
students’ motivation on virtual art course, the article has the taste of technology advances
which are highly necessary for enhancing the knowledge in the field of education as
technology is one such aspect which has a burgeoning effect on social life.

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Article 2:
Full reference of the article:
Blackwell, C. K., Lauricella, A. R., & Wartella, E. (2014). Factors influencing digital
technology use in early childhood education. Computers & Education, 77, 82-90
Objective and research question
Objectives of this study is to identify the factors that influence Teachers’ use of
technology and relationship between the factors. The secondary objectives of the study is to
identify the attitude of teachers’ teaching the children towards technology for students’
learning for children birth through the age 4. Study answered to the fact that whether there is
any relationship between the extrinsic and intrinsic factors that influence early childhood
educators’ use of digital technology. The study secondarily identified a set of factors
including environmental, personal that strongly influence teachers’ use of technology.
Method
Present study draws on the survey data from 1234 early children educators who work
with the children 0 to 4 years of age collected relatively from a large online survey of 1457
early childhood educators who served children falling under the age group 0 to 8 performed
in 2012. It has been identified that study followed an original 46 items survey instruments
that asked respondents about their access to and use of several technologies and their attitude
towards the use of technology. Eventually, their perceived level of support has also been
considered. Moreover, all respondents were engaged with NAEYC and they were recruited to
take part by emails through the NAEYC. Moreover, the respondents in the paper taught the
children falling under the age of 0 to 4 under three different types of children setting.
Findings and Discussion

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In the result, it was found that endogenous variables in the model are the confidence,
attitude and the use of technology, while the exogenous variables are the support, technology
policy, students as well as the teaching experience. The hypothesized model provided by the
authors indicate the fact that support and attitude were the latent variables with factors and
they did not result in a good model framework. The authors of the paper have hypothesized
that first-order barrier of support, technology policy and teaching experience are most likely
to influence technology use as well as indirect effect on the use through the second order
barrier of attitude and confidence. The model also indicates that support, technology policy
as well as teaching experience are most likely to have positive impact on the use of
technology. Thereby, it can be added that support particularly targeting teachers’
understanding of how to use technology to guide children could be an essential component to
help the children use the technology in the classroom.
Conclusion
The study applied the path analysis to find out the relationship between first and
second order challenge to technology integration in early childhood education. It has been
found that the dynamic relationship represented in the model provides the suggestions that
significance for school leaders as well as the teacher to guide teachers with the help of the
targeted support as well as effective technology vision to create an impact on teachers’
confidence.
How this article will contribute to Essay
Even though this article has been performed on the factors influencing the use of
technology in children’s education, it would help to understand how technology advances are
being accepted by educational institutions around the world. It is related to the essay because
it has the scope of knowing about the use of technology.

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Article 3:
Full reference of the article
Ladwig, J. G., & Luke, A. (2014). Does improving school level attendance lead to improved
school level achievement? An empirical study of indigenous educational policy in
Australia. The Australian Educational Researcher, 41(2), 171-194.
Objectives and Questions
The objective of this study is to empirically explore the relationship between patterns
of student attendance as well as the patterns of student achievement in school along with the
significant cohorts of Aborginal or Torres Strait Islander students. This article sought to
answer the general trends of school-level attendance as well as they are related significant
social factors, key features of within-school variance of achievement that seem evident from
publicly reported school performance.
Methods:
In order to perform the analysis, authors have analysed publicly reported school range
attendance over time with the use of data that are taken from MySchool websites for 2008 to
2010 with respect to reported school range demographic indicators. The authors of the study
have also analysed the gains score of the school derived from ACARA for the gain cohort an
eventually authors presented two separate analysis together to particularly analyse the
relationship between school level attendance as well as the achievement gains. Moreover, the
sample of schools have included all SSLC schools as well as a sample of like school which
has been used for the comparative evaluation.
Findings and Discussion

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On the basis of the results, the authors have pointed out that the relationship between
school attendance as well as the achievement can be understood as either an essential
relationship or a sufficient relationship. The results also indicate that at a school level
attendance not adequate for enhanced gains in achievement as well as there may not be some
essential for the school level enhancement in gain scores. Moreover, the descriptive and
qualitative analysis of the schools imply that three outlier schools where attendance tend to
gain positively correlated with some specific test score achievement gains.
Conclusion
In conclusion the authors have presented the fact that changing that times gone by is
specifically what current ‘closing the gap’ reforms claim to be about; this means whether
people speak of schooling or broader social welfare reforms. This means the outlier schools
that scholars have presented in the study have generated the achievement through a
combination of community based policies and professional skills.
How this article will contribute to Essay
This research work is particularly related to the essay because the study is all about
the practices that certainly help to enhance existing schooling practices as the proposed
methods have significant impact on the attendance of the learners.
Article 4:
Full Reference of the article
Persico, D., Manca, S., & Pozzi, F. (2014). Adapting the technology acceptance model to
evaluate the innovative potential of e-learning systems. Computers in Human Behavior, 30,
614-622.
Objectives and Questions

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The major objective of the study was to gather information about suitability of new
system for the needs of its different users in multiple phases of development or re-purposing
of its course. Likewise, the secondary objective of the study to identify the critical issues and
ways for further development and enhancement of system itself. The study has particularly
answered the degree to which adapting the technology acceptance model can enhance the
potential e-learning system.
Methods
The study was performed as the part of a national project called Steel which is known
as system enabling technologies and methods for the online learning. Authors have included a
pilot study by engaging a significant number of courses and students of online university. In
order to implement the methods properly, the paper focused on performing and evaluating a
flexible instructional mode, in which instructional design of each online course is based the
choices on the basis of the technological tools and media.
Result and Discussion
The data gained are undoubtedly rich as well as complex particularly because of the
variety of methods providing information completing each other. The major elements
emerging from such evaluation are educational aspect and technological and organizational
aspect. It has been identified that the evolution model adopted is particularly rooted in some
existing theory and practice; however, it has some speciality which have been found to be
significant. It can be added that such specification are mostly three dimensional and they are
often considered to implement Technology Acceptance model
Conclusion
In conclusion, the authors have stated the fact that e-learning evaluation presently
could rely on some particular sources of data which are supposed to be mapped one another

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to gain a more detailed picture of acceptance, usage as well as the effectiveness of the system.
This paper also assures the importance of formative evaluation of e-learning system in the
most innovative techniques particularly in the higher education. Authors in the study talk
about some significant elements about how the stated techniques can be activated and
sustained. Moreover, the innovation is not supposed to be imposed on the existing system and
amalgamation of top-down and bottom-down approach. In conclusion, it has also been found
that commitment is highly required from engaged, the institution management and the
employee engaged as well as the students. So, all should be aware and appropriately believe
in the advantages of the innovation.
How this article will contribute to Essay
This research paper is highly related to the essay because the study talks about a broad
area. Even though several studies were performed to understand the importance and use of e-
learning system but it is highly important to know how to what degree the e-learning models
are helping the real-world institutions. Thus, a study on the technology acceptance model is
significantly relevant to the field of essay.
Article 5:
Full reference of the article
Kirkwood, A., & Price, L. (2014). Technology-enhanced learning and teaching in higher
education: what is ‘enhanced’and how do we know? A critical literature review. Learning,
media and technology, 39(1), 6-36.
Objectives and Questions
The major objective of this research paper is to gain proper understanding about the
fact that technology can enhance learning. The study also aimed to understand the application

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of technology-enhanced learning in information as well as communication technologies for
the context of teaching and learning. Study answered the research questions whether
technology enhances learning and what value is being added to learners’ overall experience.
The study addressed the concern that in spite of widespread growth in practice, concerns
persistently continue to be revealing and the degree to which effective use can be made of
technology
Methods:
To perform the study, authors have followed literature search method in which the
review covers for the period of 2005-2010. The search method includes the articles that are
related to technologies applied for teaching and learning particularly in high education. In
order to make sure a wide international coverage of journal article as well as conference
papers related to higher education, the Web of Science and Academic Search Complete
database were selected in the study. The study also used a screening method to make sure that
they filled the criteria. Moreover, the articles primarily concerned with the use of technology
for assessment and feedback purpose and at the time of use they were excluded as the
separate parallel review.
Results and Discussion
Each article is scrutinized to ascertain the goal and rationale of the intervention even
though this was not always stated explicitly. Although the interventions reported were
disparate and it was possible to assign interventions to one of two sub-categories within each
of three major categories. Moreover, the review in the paper exposed a series of issues that
gives a closer scrutiny. In the following section, following six areas are related to the
conceptual variations, methods accepted for the interventions and their evaluation and the

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types of evidence used as well as the extent to which the findings can be generalized have
been provided in the study.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it can be added that the technology enhance learning often used in the
most unconsidered manner. This means while technology has a growing influence throughout
the higher education, there is still much to be learned about its effective educational
contribution. The review in the paper has identified variation in both purpose of Technology
enhances learning and the ways that enhancement have been conceived.
How this article will contribute to Essay
This is relevant to the essay because undoubtedly an increasing number of studies
have been prepared on technology but hardly a study has been able to find out the degree to
which technology is supporting the learning process and materials.

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References
Blackwell, C. K., Lauricella, A. R., & Wartella, E. (2014). Factors influencing digital
technology use in early childhood education. Computers & Education, 77, 82-90.
Di Serio, Á., Ibáñez, M. B., & Kloos, C. D. (2013). Impact of an augmented reality system on
students' motivation for a visual art course. Computers & Education, 68, 586-596.
Kirkwood, A., & Price, L. (2014). Technology-enhanced learning and teaching in higher
education: what is ‘enhanced’and how do we know? A critical literature
review. Learning, media and technology, 39(1), 6-36.
Ladwig, J. G., & Luke, A. (2014). Does improving school level attendance lead to improved
school level achievement? An empirical study of indigenous educational policy in
Australia. The Australian Educational Researcher, 41(2), 171-194.
Persico, D., Manca, S., & Pozzi, F. (2014). Adapting the technology acceptance model to
evaluate the innovative potential of e-learning systems. Computers in Human
Behavior, 30, 614-622.