Human Biology Assignment: Climate Change, Species, and Ecosystems

This homework assignment provides a concise overview of the impact of climate change on various aspects of human biology, drawing from multiple research articles. It explores how climate change influences human populations, species distribution, ecosystems, and biodiversity. The assignment highlights the importance of understanding and managing climate change impacts, including sea-level rise, shifts in pathogen populations, and the consequences of human development on natural resources, particularly freshwater. The ecological reorganization of flora and fauna globally, the effects on marine biodiversity, and the impact on the distribution and behavior of plants, animals, and humans are also discussed. The assignment emphasizes the need for further research and awareness of the environmental consequences of human activities.

Human Biology
Articles
1. Human population, species, ecosystem, biome scales and the society can significantly
impact the climate by implementing the changes which include time, space and self (Bellard
et al. 2012).
2. Climate change, particularly the sea-level rise and changes in normal climatic conditions
need to be researched and managed (Courchamp et al. 2014).
3. Climate changes drastically increase the population of pathogens in the ecosystem but the
fact is ignored and the research finding on the same is considered less. The gap needs to be
filled by executing the studies and researches on the environmental problem (Bellard et al.
2018).
4. The constant development of human impacts most of the natural sources of the earth, but
the human population is not aware of the consequences or poorly understood. (Dantas-Torres
2015)
5. Freshwater is also affected by the human activities that may lead to environmental
deprivation, overexploitation of the sea sources and water mining (Strayer, and Dudgeon,
2010)
6. Climate change leads to ecological re-organization of the flora and fauna globally which
may cause changes in the ecosystem and human activities (Pecl et al. 2017).
7. Global marine biodiversity is set according to the Australian temperature and the waters
around had experienced ocean warming (Wernberg et al. 2011).
8. Climate changes and persistent species are the vital factors of biodiversity which may
impact the distribution of plants, animals and humans, their reproduction and the behaviour
(Mainka, and Howard, 2010).

References
Bellard, C., Bertelsmeier, C., Leadley, P., Thuiller, W. and Courchamp, F., 2012. Impacts of
climate change on the future of biodiversity. Ecology letters, 15(4), pp.365-377 Available
from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01736.x@10.1111/
(ISSN)1461-0248.oceans-to-mountains [Accessed on 18 January, 2012]
Bellard, C., Jeschke, J.M., Leroy, B. and Mace, G.M., 2018. Insights from modeling studies
on how climate change affects invasive alien species geography. Ecology and
evolution, 8(11), pp.5688-5700 Available from:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.4098 [Accessed on 4th May, 2012]
Courchamp, F., Hoffmann, B.D., Russell, J.C., Leclerc, C. and Bellard, C., 2014. Climate
change, sea-level rise, and conservation: keeping island biodiversity afloat. Trends in ecology
& evolution, 29(3), pp.127-130 Available from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169534714000147 [Accessed on 3rd
March, 2012]
Dantas-Torres, F., 2015. Climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: the
butterfly effect. International Journal for Parasitology: parasites and wildlife, 4(3), pp.452-
461 Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224415300067
[Accessed on December, 2012] (Date not provided)
Mainka, S.A. and Howard, G.W., 2010. Climate change and invasive species: double
jeopardy. Integrative Zoology, 5(2), pp.102-111 Available from:

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00193.x [Accessed on 2nd
June, 2012]
Pecl, G.T., Araújo, M.B., Bell, J.D., Blanchard, J., Bonebrake, T.C., Chen, I.C., Clark, T.D.,
Colwell, R.K., Danielsen, F., Evengård, B. and Falconi, L., 2017. Biodiversity redistribution
under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being. Science, 355(6332),
p.eaai9214 Available from:
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6332/eaai9214.abstract [Accessed on 31st March,
2017]
Strayer, D.L. and Dudgeon, D., 2010. Freshwater biodiversity conservation: recent progress
and future challenges. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 29(1), pp.344-
358 Available from: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1899/08-171.1 [Accessed
on March, 2010] (Date not provided)
Wernberg, T., Russell, B.D., Moore, P.J., Ling, S.D., Smale, D.A., Campbell, A., Coleman,
M.A., Steinberg, P.D., Kendrick, G.A. and Connell, S.D., 2011. Impacts of climate change in
a global hotspot for temperate marine biodiversity and ocean warming. Journal of
experimental marine biology and ecology, 400(1-2), pp.7-16 Available from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098111000694 [Accessed on 30th
April, 2012]