Homeostasis and Exercise: A Human Biology Experiment Report

This report presents an experiment conducted to analyze the impact of exercise on heart rate, framed within the context of homeostasis, the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment. The experiment involved three students performing jumping jacks and running on the spot, with their heart rates recorded before and after each exercise. The collected data, presented in tables and graphs, clearly demonstrates an increase in heart rate following exercise, supporting the hypothesis. The report further discusses the homeostatic mechanisms, including the role of receptors and control centers, and acknowledges limitations such as the small sample size. The findings align with the theory of homeostasis, highlighting how the body responds to external stimuli to maintain balance. References to relevant scientific sources are included to support the analysis.

Running head: HUMAN BIOLOGY
HUMAN BIOLOGY
Name of Student
Name of University
Author’s Note

1HUMAN BIOLOGY
Homeostasis
The state of constant internal conditions, both physical and chemical, which is balanced
by the living systems, is known as homeostasis in the world of biology (Caon, 2018). This state
is often mentioned as a dynamic state because of the equilibrium conditions due to the optimum
and efficient functioning of the living creature. The variables of this state are body temperature
and balance of fluid amount, which are according to the range of homeostasis
(Www5.zzu.edu.cn, 2019). Other variables are concentration of sodium, pH or extracellular
fluid, blood sugar level, potassium and calcium ions, the regulations of these variables are very
important even though there are changes in the food consumption, environment and activity level
(Mc3cb.com, 2019). In order to maintain or balance life, these variables are governed by the
homeostatic mechanisms. The homeostatic control mechanism have three independent elements
for efficient regulation of the variables, these components are receptor, control centre and
effector. Any change in the environment both internal and external, is governed and sensed by
the receptor (Omicsonline.org, 2019). Thermoreceptors and mechanoreceptors are the elements
of receptors. The respiratory centre and the renin-angiotensin system are the elements of control
centre. In order to revert the changes to their normal state, effector is targeted.
Hypothesis – The rates of heartbeat will be increased after the exercise.
Aim: The main objective of this experiment to analyze how, heart rate will be affected by
performing exercise. For the given experiment, three students (Mohammed, Panashe and Gimhan
) were selected and they were asked to exercise, and their heartbeat rate per minute were
recorded. The recorded data was further used to analyze the mentioned hypothesis.

2HUMAN BIOLOGY
Procedure
1. Three students were selected and asked to perform jumping jacks (Test 1) and running on
the spot (Test 2) as an exercise, each for 2 minutes, to monitor their heartbeat rate per
minute of both before and after the exercise.
2. The students were asked to perform these two exercises three times and the data were
recorder every time.
3. The data were collected for both the phases of exercise and resting, in order to compare
the heartbeat rates of the students by finding their mean heartbeat rate and constructing a
graph, in order to relate with the hypothesis.
Results
Below are the recorded data and the graph corresponding to the recorded data.
STUDENT
NAME
TEST 1 TEST 2 MEAN
MUHAMMED 76 80 79
PANASHE 57 61 59
GIMHAN 74 80 77
Table 1: Heart Rate per Minute – RESTING
STUDENT
NAME
TEST 1 TEST 2 MEAN
MUHAMMED 95 105 109
PANASHE 126 120 123

3HUMAN BIOLOGY
GIMHAN 122 136 129
Table 2: Heart Rate per Minute – EXERCISE
Mohammed Panashe Gimhan
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Test 1
Test 2
Mean
Graph 1 : Heart Rate per Minute - RESTING
Mohammed Panashe Gimhan
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Test 1
Test 2
Mean

4HUMAN BIOLOGY
Graph 2 : Heart Rate per Minute – EXERCISE
From the above data and graph, it is quite evident that the heart rates of the students were
increased significantly after performing both the exercises. This shows that the homeostasis of
the students was changed due to the change in the external and internal environment. these
exercises requires effort and while performing these exercises their heartbeat rate increased in
order to maintain and balance their body with the required amount of effort.
Discussion
As per the theory of homeostasis, the component control centre acts upon the received
signal from the receptor. In the given experiment, the resting phase of the student had optimum
heart rate, which is normal for a healthy individual, but soon after performing exercise, their
heart rate was elevated due to the imbalance of the internal and external environment
(Www5.zzu.edu.cn, 2019). The data collected shows the elevated levels of heartbeat, thereby
showing that the above-mentioned hypothesis is correct. The number of the students participated
in the experiment were less, thus depicted the limitation of the experiment. Although, if only
there were more number of students for the experiment, the results would have been integral and
would have been able to analyze it critically, thus the experiment would have been improved.

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References
Caon, Martin. (2018). Homeostasis. 10.1007/978-3-319-75599-1_6.
Mc3cb.com. (2019). HOMEOSTASIS. [online] Available at:
http://www.mc3cb.com/pdf_ap_lecture_s6/2018_2_25_Homeostasis_Stress_public_lectu
re.pdf [Accessed 1 Aug. 2019].
Omicsonline.org. (2019). Role of Homeostasis in Human Physiology: A Review. [online]
Available at: https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/role-of-homeostasis-in-human-
physiology-a-review.pdf [Accessed 1 Aug. 2019].
Www5.zzu.edu.cn. (2019). A framework for human physiology. [online] Available at:
http://www5.zzu.edu.cn/__local/6/11/11/2ED0C021F8D2A94F378742685EC_422338E
D_2BD652.pdf [Accessed 1 Aug. 2019].