Human Development Report: Research Analysis, Summary, and Theories

This report analyzes four research articles focusing on different aspects of human development. The first article examines the hierarchical organization of personality traits in youth, highlighting the relationship between conscientiousness, openness, and self-regulation. The second article emphasizes the importance of early childhood social and emotional competencies for future success, focusing on the development of skills that build relationships and aid in problem-solving. The third article investigates social withdrawal in early childhood, differentiating between unsociability and social avoidance, and their implications for socio-emotional outcomes. The final article defines adolescence as a transitional process, discussing physical and contextual factors that influence adolescent development. The report synthesizes these findings, emphasizing the impact of personality development on later life stages and the applicability of psychosexual and cognitive developmental theories. It also highlights the relevance of the lifespan perspective in understanding human development, acknowledging physiological and emotional changes across the lifespan.

Running head: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Human Development
Name of the student
Name of the University
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The article, “Personality traits in childhood and adolescence: Structure, development, and
outcomes”, has talked about the fact that the personality traits of the youth are organized in a
hierarchical manner. The article has said that conscientiousness along with openness has a
positive relation with each other in the adolescent and this is different from the adults. It has
stated that the higher order of the self-regulation trait that helps in regulation of the social along
with the task oriented impulses is more common in the youth than in the adults (Soto & Tackett,
2015). The article has said that there is intellectual curiosity in the childhood along with the
adolescent stage.
The article has talked about the fact that youth personality development does not fit into
that of the maturity principle. The findings of the article has supported disruption hypothesis that
talks about the fact that biological, social along with the psychological transitions that takes
place from the childhood to the adolescence has some aspects of the personality maturity (Soto
& Tackett, 2015).
The value of the article resides in the fact that it has talked about how the personality
traits help in shaping the course of lives of the people by the help of their association with that of
the biological along with the social outcome. The strength of the article lies in the fact that it has
talked about how the youth personality traits can help in providing a psychological context that
helps in moderating links in between the biological factors and that of the psychopathology.
The article, “Early childhood social and emotional development: Advancing the field of
measurement” has talked about the fact that the social along with the emotional competencies of
the children are crucial for the success of the children. According to Darling-Churchill and
Lippman (2016), the emotional experiences that the children undergo in the early life help in

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setting the stage in relation to the future academic along with the personal outcome of the
children. The development of the emotional skills in the children helps them in gaining the
confidence along with the competence that helps in building the relationships and in the arena of
problem solving. It has been argued by Darling-Churchill and Lippman (2016), that the social
along with the emotional competencies in the children can be said to be related to the aspect of
the school readiness.
The article has said that the social skills along with the process skills are evident at the
time of entry in the school that helps in predicting the social along with the emotional
competencies of the children at a later stage of life. It helps in the arena of managing the
behavior of the children and helping him make the social connections.
The value of the article lies in the fact that it has been successful in talking about how the
maladjustment pertaining to social along with the emotional domain of the children impedes the
ability of the children in functioning within the family, school along with the other contexts. The
weakness of the article lies in the fact that it has not talked about any kind of developmental
theories in relation to the stage of the childhood.
The article, “Assessment and implications of social withdrawal in early childhood: A first
look at social avoidance”, has stated that shyness in the stage of the early childhood can be said
to be related a form of the social withdrawal. It has been stated by Coplan et al. (2018), that the
unsociability can be said to be a benign form of the social withdrawal in the stage of the early
childhood. It has been found that unsociability is not related with that of negative socio-
emotional outcome in the stage of the later childhood. There is another kind of social withdrawal
that is the social avoidance which is characterized by the low social approach along with the high

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avoidance motivations. According to Coplan et al. (2018), social avoidance can be said to be
form of that of social withdrawal that acts as pervasive risk pertaining to the socio-econic
difficulties of the children.
The article has stressed on the essential fact that social avoidance can be said to be
strongly linked to that of the early development of the depression. The article has said that the
children who are socially withdrawn refrain from that of the social activities in presence of their
peers. The children shy away from the aspect of the social interaction on account of the social
fear along with the solitude.
The strength of the article lies in the fact that it has laid stress on how the various form of
the social withdrawal in the stage of the early childhood. It has depicted in a vivid manner the
various kinds of social withdrawal and its effect in a later stage on the life of the children.
The article, “Defining adolescence” has talked about the fact that adolescence refers to
transitional process that involves the progression from the stage of immaturity into that of the
adult life that can help in fulfilling the developmental potential along with social accountability.
The article has stated that adolescence helps in the synthesis of that of corporal development of a
person that helps in integrating the self with that of the community. According to Curtis (2015),
the developmental transitions that take place at the stage of the adolescence require the reciprocal
reorganization of a person.
The article has said that the contextual theories of the development can play an important
role in the definition of adolescence. The article has talked about the physical development that
takes place in the adolescent stage. It has been said by Curtis (2015) that the physical growth that
takes place in the adolescent stage is influenced by various kinds of factors like gender, body

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mass along with the environmental influence. The adolescence begins in that of biology and it
ends in that of culture. The stage of the early adolescence starts with the onset of the physical
along with the sexual maturation.
The value of article lies in the fact that it has illustrated about the element of the
Adolescent Transition Continuum. The strength of the article resides in the fact that it has
described vividly the transitional sub-stages of the adolescence and the changes that they
undergo in the various stages of adolescence.
Summary
The similarity that lies in the kind of research that was being conducted pertains to the
fact that the personality development that takes place has an effect on the later life of the children
along with the adolescents. The kind of the research that was being conducted is the primary
method of the research that helped in gathering abundant information about the developmental
stages. The articles talks about the physical changes in the children and the adolescent stage and
how it co-relates to the emotional development in the children.
On the basis of the course readings, the developmental theories that were found to be
applicable are the psychosexual development along with the cognitive development that has a
great influence on the development of the individuals within the framework of the society. The
psychosexual developmental theory talks about the fact that the conflicts that take place on each
of the stages have lifelong influence on the personality along with the behavior of the
individuals. The cognitive development on the other hand delves into the thought process of a
person.

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The lifespan perspective can help in the area of better understanding of the research. It is
one method that helps in understanding the aspect of the human development. It talks about the
fact that in the event of maturation of the individuals from the infancy to that of the old age the
people undergo physiological along with the emotional changes. The lifespan perspectives
acknowledge the fact that the individual development takes place across the life span of a person.

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References
Coplan, R. J., Ooi, L. L., Xiao, B., & Rose‐Krasnor, L. (2018). Assessment and implications of
social withdrawal in early childhood: A first look at social avoidance. Social
Development, 27(1), 125-139.
Curtis, A. C. (2015). Defining adolescence. Journal of Adolescent and Family Health, 7(2), 2.
Darling-Churchill, K. E., & Lippman, L. (2016). Early childhood social and emotional
development: Advancing the field of measurement. Journal of Applied Developmental
Psychology, 45, 1-7.
Soto, C. J., & Tackett, J. L. (2015). Personality traits in childhood and adolescence: Structure,
development, and outcomes. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(5), 358-
362.