Comprehensive Report: Human Relationships and Life Transitions Impact

This report provides an overview of human relationships and life transitions, focusing on cognitive and social development in children. It examines the roles of midwives and nurses in supporting new parents and children, using case scenarios to illustrate key concepts. The report discusses Piaget's theory of cognitive development and Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, highlighting the importance of environmental factors, sensory development, nutrition, and genetics on a child's growth. It emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to understand and address these factors to promote healthy development. The conclusion reiterates the significance of professional care and the influence of various elements on children's cognitive and social development.

Human Relationships
and Life Transitions

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Main Body.......................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
In the present time, human being required fast development and growth in their life. They
are social animal who cannot live without the society, friends and family members. In simple
term human development is a concept within the field of international development. It is about
giving people more freedom to live lives they want to (Rawwas and Isakson, 2015). In the
present study, cognitive and social development of the children has been addressed. The major
objective of this assignment is to understand the human development, their relationship and
growth.
Main Body
All human beings are social animal who always requires proper support, care, effective
human relationship, believe, trust. Human cannot live without the society, friends and family
members. While child is born his entire features and organs are developed. Children requires
special care, treatment and services while they are just born on the earth. As per the given
scenario, Alexis is a 6-week girl whose mother Maggie has noticed that Alexis has some
unsettled period throughout the day and night where she cries periodically (Fennell, 2015). The
midwife reports that Maggie is feeding Alexis every three hours and is tired. The Midwife
reports that Alexi is gaining weight well and Maggie and her partner are adjusting well to
parenthood. In order to grow and develop Alexis, Midwife plays a very significant role. She is a
lady who is specialist in normal pregnancy and birth. Her major role and responsibility is to look
after a pregnant woman and her baby throughout a phase of delivery to 28 days after the baby
has been born. She is responsible for delivering all necessary professional care and services to
both mother and children at the time of pregnancy and childbirth. In a simple word, it can be said
that Midwife is a health care professional who provides health care services and treatment to
pregnant women. In these services included gynaecological examination, contraceptive
counselling, prescription, labour and delivery care. In the second case scenario of nursing
student, Jack was 3 year old boys who attended day care two day a week while his mother
Vanessa works. Vanessa observed that her son is not yet toilet trained during the day. The child
and family health nurse has reassured his mother that Jack will gain continence and further
speech development in his own time. Nurse refereed Vanessa about the mother group in the local
area for further improvement in the jack related to discuss strategies. Thus, in this case, it is great
responsibility of the Jack nurse to understand the requirement of growth and health issue in the
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jack and deliver care services accordingly. In order to deliver proper care and service, midwife
and nurse should focus on the Piaget theory of cognitive development which are as follows- Sensorimotor stage- In this stage, 0 to 2 year old age children are included. In this stage
children want to see, hear, taste and touch everything around them. Child able to know
about their experience and ability which they analyse from their surrounding
environment. Pre-operational stage- In this stage, child’s age is about 2 to 7 years, at this stage,
children learn how to think abstractly, understand the symbolic concept and use the
language in more systematic manner. Concrete operational- In this phase, 7 to 11 year old children are included. In this stage
they understand various abstract such as time, quantity and space etc. They try to apply
the concept in the real life and want to get experience about these all aspect in their life
(Grankvist, Kajonius and Persson, 2016).
 Formal operational stage- In this stage, children age is above 11 in which they are
capable to apply the rules to various situation and condition in their life.
Erikson Eight stage of development
 Infancy- It is the starting stage under which children learn to trust other, based upon the
response.
 Toddlerhood- In this stage, children try to explore the world around them.
 Preschool year- They focus on doing things themselves and develop their own goal.
 Early school year- They able to know and aware about themselves activities and ability
 Adolescence-In this stage they establish their goals and purpose of life
 Young adulthood- In this stage, people get married and establish their identity.
 Middle adulthood- In this stage, most of the people have children.
 Late adulthood- In this stage, older adults reflect back on the life they have lived.
As per the case scenarios, the midwife and nurse has great responsibility to proper take care of
the Alexis and jack so that both of them can improve their health and grow during the period of
delivery. Midwife is also responsible for cognitive and social development of Alexis. Nurse is
responsible to take care the Jack and identify their health related issue. Cognitive development is
an important aspect of overall children development. In the context of cognition includes how
children think, learn, pay attention, remember etc. A midwife’s and Nurse major responsibility
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is to analyse and observe about the new born child that how they remember, learn, attention and
interact with other (Knott and Scragg, 2016). In a simple words, it can be said that cognitive and
social development is the field of study in neuroscience and psychology which consider on the
child development in terms of the perceptual skill, language learning and other aspect of brain
development. The Nurse have greatly responsible to develop the cognitive and social aspect of
the children. There are several factors which influence the development of Alexis and Jack thus,
it is great responsibility of the Midwife and Nurse to understand the impact of these factors.
These components are as follows-
 Environmental stress- Environment is one of the factor which affect the growth and
development of the children. Parent, teacher, care experts, midwife should provide proper
environment at which they can take experience about energy, joy, happiness. Parent
should spend time with children so as they can feel comfortable and supportive their self.
 Sensory development- This kind of development is most important in the child’s overall
development. Cognitive skill is related to vision and hearing may seem like natural
development to most people in the industrialised world. In order to develop the cognitive
skill, midwife and parent require understanding the actual needs and requirement of
children and involve them in the practices (O’Dwyer and Atlı, 2015). They should
continuously involve in the practices like hearing, taking, walking, vision, playing with
other etc. With help of more interaction and playing with other, child can grow faster
and in effective manner. Parent should focus on their daily activities and practices so as
they can effectively monitor their activities in daily life.
 Nutrition- Nutrition is one of the major factor which required for the new baby born. In
the absence of proper nutrition, growth and development cannot properly take place in
children. In the context of given scenario, Midwife should take care of proper quantity of
nutrition to the Alexis so as she can improve her health and development in an effective
manner.
 Genetics- Genetic health problem may limit a child's access to stimulating environment
and delaying in intellectual development.
 Parent Behaviour- This is one of the most important factor which affect the cognitive and
social development. At the time of pregnancy, women should take care of herself because
this is a period while all activities of mother can directly impact the child’s growth and
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development. For example, at the time of pregnancy and delivery if mother doing smoke
then she may become serious health consequence which affect both mother and the
children. Thus, it can be said that at the time of delivery and pregnancy, mother should
take care of herself and take the effective food in daily basis. As per the given scenario,
Maggie and Vanessa should take care of herself and take the effective food and diet
because at the time of delivery mother gives feed to her baby. Thus, if she does not take
care of her food and eating scheduled then it will directly impact on the health of Alexis
and Jack in both case scenrio.
CONCLUSION
From this report, it has been concluded that children required effective care, service,
attention and treatment. At the time of pregnancy and deliver, mid-life and Nurse have major
role and responsibility. There are several factors which affect the social and cognitive
development of the children.
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