Human Reproduction: Hormonal Regulation and Gametogenesis Report

This report provides an overview of human reproduction, with a specific focus on the hormonal regulation of gametogenesis. It details the roles of key hormones such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and estrogen in controlling the processes of sperm and egg production. The report explains how these hormones influence the development of reproductive cells, from the initial stages of puberty through the dependent phase, and how imbalances in these hormonal pathways can affect reproductive health. The report also references key scientific literature on the topic. It highlights the importance of hormonal balance in both males and females for healthy reproductive function and explores the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.

Human Regulation and
Reproduction
(Biology)

Table of Contents
How hormones control gametogenesis in both male and females ..............................................1
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................2

How hormones control gametogenesis in both male and females
Gametogenesis is a process of developing cells from cell division to form reproductive
cell. It starts when humans enter into stage of puberty. It helps in growth and development of
person. The reproductive cells are produced during this. In male gamete is known as sperm and
female gamete is known as ovum (Rizov, Andreeva and Dimova, 2017). The process and timing
varies in both male and female. In both male and female hormones control this process. The
hormones that control it are different in male and female but it follows similar pattern which is
described below :-
 Firstly, neurons produces gonadotropin relasing hormone (GnRH) every 2-3 hours. This
hormone travel through blood and affects cells in anterior pituitary. The release of GnRH
is controlled by brain that depends on internal and external stimuli.
 The GnRH hormone produces two peptide hormone from anterior pituitary that are
follicle and stimulating hromone (FSH) and liteinizing hormone (LH). These both have
effect on gonads. FSH acts on reproductive cells to regulate gametogenesis. On other
hand LH acts on endocrine that release steroid sex hormones.
 The hormone control it by reducing over production of steroid sex hormones. It maintain
balance within pituitary and peptide hormones.
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Hormones are useful in maintaining the independent phase of the gonads where the
formation of follicles takes place before the population hits the puberty stage (Fung & et.al.,
2017). This later helps in the formation of primary and primordial follicles in the ovary among
females whereas the boys/males undergo mitosis and leads to pre spermatogonia in the testes
(sex organ).
Next is dependent phase otestosteronef hormones which gets initiated at puberty and
females undergo oogenesis and ovary folliculogensios to maintain and regulate the
functionalities. In males, ovulation gets started and leads to the formation of spermatogenesis
procedure. During these processes, if hormones are not in controlled manner then the receptors
might get affected and the sertoli cells might not be regulating the follicle stimulating hormone
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and influencing the germ cell fate. Herein the hormonal imbalance affect the females in regard to
low energy levels and fatigue which also result in difficulty while trying to conceive.
The hormones are responsible for controlling overall reproduction process. Basically, in
males testosterone hormone regulate this and female estrogen regulate it. They balance
production of cells within body. Furthermore, testosterone produces sperms and estrogen
produces eggs in ovaries.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Fung, J.N. & et.al., (2017). The genetic regulation of transcription in human endometrial
tissue. Human Reproduction. 32(4). pp.893-904.
Rizov, M., Andreeva, P. & Dimova, I., (2017). Molecular regulation and role of angiogenesis in
reproduction. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 56(2). pp.127-132.
Online
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