Human Reproduction and Health: Current IVF Issues in the UK

This report provides an overview of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and its related issues within the context of the UK healthcare system. The report begins with an introduction to IVF, explaining the process and its significance in treating infertility. The main body of the report evaluates and discusses current issues including contraceptive practices, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and reproductive technology. It examines the health implications of contraceptive methods, the impact of STDs on reproductive health, and the advancements in reproductive technologies like IVF, GIFT, TET, and ZIFT. The conclusion summarizes the challenges and success rates of IVF, emphasizing the influence of factors like maternal age and lifestyle. The report highlights the demand for IVF while acknowledging potential health risks like cancer and heart disease. The report references relevant books and journals to support the analysis.

IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF)

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Evaluate and discuss current issue relating to: -.....................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................2
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................3

INTRODUCTION
In vitro fertilization is a process in which egg is combined with sperm in a culture
medium. It involves monitoring an ovulatory process where ova (egg) remove from ovaries and
sperm fertilize in medium. After fertilization of egg zygote form and then undergoes in culture
for 2-6 days and then implanted in uterus and initiate a successful pregnancy (Kogan and et.al.,
2019).
MAIN BODY
Evaluate and discuss current issue relating to: -
Contraceptive practice
Contraceptive methods may damage the health of individual through side effects, taking
continuously abortion pills may imbalance the hormones. Oral contraceptive is not much
effective and do not prevent from STDs. Excessive quantity of contraceptive may increase risk of
health disease. Complications are rare but sometimes it can be serious problems like heart attack,
blood clot, irregular vaginal bleeding, weight gain, breast cancer, health disease and it may be
severe condition they can lead to death. (Ingram and et.al.,2021)
Sexually transmitted disease
Sexually transmitted disease are the infection spread from one person to another person
by sexual contact. It can be caused by bacteria, virus and parasites. STDs do not cause symptoms
or may cause mild symptoms possible to have infection and spread to other person. Usually it is
spread through oral, vaginal but sometimes it may be spread through physical contact because
some STDs are spread by skin contact. If pregnant women have STDs it can cause serious health
condition. There are some sexual transmitted disease including: -
 HIV/ AIDS
 Syphilis
 Chlamydia
 Gonorrhoea
HPV (Turner and et.al.,2018)
Reproductive technology
Reproductive technology is used for treat infertility. Millions of couple do not reproduce
their own offspring because of infertility therefore new technologies may help those couples.
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There are many causes which are responsible for infertility that are hormone imbalance,
abnormalities and some serious health issues. Modern technologies provide safety, efficacy and
affordable care to conceive pregnancy and healthy baby Reproductive technologies are the
surgical methods in this process egg removed from women’s ovaries and combine with the
sperm in the culture medium and then it transferred to the women uterus or donating to another
woman. Some examples of reproductive technologies are – IVF (In-vitro fertilization), GIFT
(Gamete intrafallopian transfer), TET (Tubal embryo transfer) and ZIFT (Zygote intrafallopian
transfer). (Sastre, Sorum and Mullet 2021)
CONCLUSION
Here we concluded in-vitro fertilization is a new technology which are highly demand by
the people who are causing by infertility but sometimes it causes high risk of cancer and heart
disease. The success rate depends on maternal age, lifestyle factors, environment factors and
causes of infertility. In Uk the success rate of IVF is 2-3%. We have studied about the issues
related to contraceptive practices how they affect the health, sexually transmitted disease and
reproductive technologies.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Ingram, E., Claus, L., Kolfenbach, J., Wright, G. and Borgelt, L.M., 2021. Contraceptive use in
women of childbearing ability with rheumatoid arthritis. JCR: Journal of Clinical
Rheumatology, 27(3), pp.97-101.
Kogan, Е.А., Rudenko, E.Е., Demura, T.А., Zharkov, N.V., Trifonova, N.S., Zhukova, E.V.,
Aleksandrov, L.S. and Bayanova, S.N., 2019. Structural, immunohistochemical and
molecular features of placentas and placental sites after in vitro fertilization with donor
eggs (surrogate motherhood). European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and
Reproductive Biology, 238, pp.68-72.
Sastre, M.T.M., Sorum, P.C. and Mullet, E., 2021. French People’s Positions Regarding Same-
Sex Couples’ and Singles’ Rights to Assisted Reproductive Technology and
Adoption. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30(5), pp.1381-1391.
Turner, K.M., Zienkiewicz, A.K., Syred, J., Looker, K.J., de Sa, J., Brady, M., Free, C.,
Holdsworth, G. and Baraitser, P., 2018. Web-based activity within a sexual health
economy: observational study. Journal of medical Internet research, 20(3), p.e8101.
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