Human Resources – Values and Contributions to Organisational Success

This report delves into the critical role of human resources (HR) in driving organizational success, focusing on the application of organizational design theory and its impact on organizational structure and strategy. Using Marks and Spencer (M&S) as a primary case study, the report evaluates the effectiveness of the kaleidoscope change model and McKinsey's 7S framework in adapting to change and achieving strategic goals. The analysis includes a detailed examination of how M&S attracts, maintains, develops, and rewards its workforce to create a skilled and dedicated team, emphasizing the importance of a positive working environment and reward systems. Furthermore, the report explores the evolution of HR practices and their alignment with organizational design, addressing the impact of leadership styles and the significance of shared values in fostering employee commitment and productivity. The report also considers the impact of different organizational design theories, including classical and non-classical approaches, on organizational structure and employee behavior. The report concludes with an evaluation of how organizational design must respond and adapt to change management, highlighting the relationship between the two and providing specific examples from the M&S case study.

Human Resources –
Values and
Contributions to
Organisational Success

Table of Content.
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
P1 Evaluate the importance of organizational design theory in the context of organizational
structure and fulfilling organizational strategy, using specific organizational examples............1
P2. Analysation of different approaches and techniques used by an organisation for attracting,
maintaining, developing a well as rewarding human resources in order to create a skilled and
dedicated workforce.....................................................................................................................4
P3. Conducting research and use of contemporary knowledge to support the emerging HR
developments ..............................................................................................................................6
P4. Evaluate how organisational design has to respond and adapt to change management and
the relationship that exists between the two using a specific organisational situation................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Human resources management plays an important role in business concern. This
department deals with recruiting, selecting, motivating the employee. This department helps the
organisation to achieve the success for the long term by hiring productivity and efficient people
(Armstrong and Taylor, 2020). With the purpose to increase the productivity of employee,
different motivation strategies are adopted by this department. This particular report deals with
Mark and Spencer which is a UK based garment store which provide different products to its
customers. This report also deals in necessary requirements of an organisational theory with
relation to business strategies and structure.
MAIN BODY
P1 Evaluate the importance of organizational design theory in the context of organizational
structure and fulfilling organizational strategy, using specific organizational
examples.
With the purpose to bring the key change in the business, Marks and Spencer adopts
kaleidoscope change model which is considered as one of the most effective model. This model
is basically utilized for the alternations in the business. The founder of Marks and Spencer are
Michael marks and Thomas spencer. David and Buchanan are the one who did major discussion
on business transformation through technology, procedure and the aims. Kaleidoscope model is
considered as one of the extrinsic ring model that is associate with the different change setting
which allows for the other settings. The marks and spencer has enforced this model in their
business enterprise through various ways which are as follow:
Mark and Spencer has designed its business on the basis of paths, goals, roles, styles,
strategic plans and many more. In an effort to execute this changes Mark and Spencer needs
power. Strategic planning and certain effort are required in an order to make any alteration in the
business. The most essential work of respective company while conducting business is to
identify the time period which the administrator will require to implement the change. In
addition to this, to identify the opportunities, several scope are required to the organisation. Mark
and Spencer adopts various presentation measures which help them to control necessary
activities as well as resources that directs them towards the changing time period.
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This also mentions the relation among the worker and their behaviour towards the
organisation. The changes in skills of leadership of leader may affect the performance of the
business (Bruin, 2018). The marks and spencer is able to bring alter in the companies. For
example: human resources, time period and funding. The modifications in the activity of
influencing and the performances of workers are also included.
McKinsey’s 7’S framework
The McKinsey's 7S model can be defined as framework that aims at how effectively
leaders or managers can manage the change in organisation. This model is generally divided into
two categories that are solid components and soft components (Muttaqin, Alam and Saputera,
2022). The solid elements includes, structures, techniques and systems whereas soft elements
include the skill, value, staff and style. The benefit of this model are:
 This model helps the organisation to perform the activities by analysing strengths and
weakness.
 Through this alterations or modifications in the organization or institution.
 The measures of execution of systems are done by the help of this model.
 And also to examine the affects of changes in an organisation.
Marks & Spencer adopts this model within their organisation with the purpose to gain advantage.
The 7S of McKinsey's has been discussed below:
 Strategy – Mark and Spencer have adopted different strategies in order to gain
competitive advantage and achieve long term revenue. The strategies which they adopt
are very clear and helpful which leads the organisation to achieve long term success and
utilise the available resources in an appropriate manner (Lima, 2020). This strategies also
help the organisation to achieve their mission and vision effectively and efficiently. The
marks and spencer company needs the employee who are skilled and experienced along
with effective leadership strategies.
 Structure – Business should have proper structure so that strategies made can be
effectively implemented. In this, there are various business strategy which includes
planning related to organisation and other stakeholders. On other hand organisational
map is also required for the respective organisation. For the modifications in basic
structure organisation should adopt simple and approachable structure. With the purpose
to create an effective structure it needs the group of skilled worker and employee along
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with the effectual leadership skills and styles. In addition to this, the company also needs
to acquire the strategies which depend on the plan of action and the systems which
determine to gain the shared values.
 Systems – Mark and Spencer adopts different strategies in order to plan business events.
So, to do perform every business function they adopt proper system and procedure.
System helps the business to accomplish the task within a certain time period (Gratton,
2018). With the purpose to establish an effective system, respective company needs
management who have proper abilities, skills, expertise, leaders and different
philosophies. System also helps the organisation achieve the long term sustainability.
 Shared values – Shared value is one of the important element of McKinsey's 7S Model.
Shared values helps the business organisation to influence the behaviour of staff and
management. Mark and Spencer values each and every individual as well as make
environment friendly products. The company also makes attempt to reduce the waste
which lead the company to increase their value. They also needs to adopts different
leadership style, organisation system and management style in an effort to increase the
shared values. With the purpose to gain share values in the business organisation it needs
strategies as well.
 Skills – Mark and Spencer has staff who posses high skills, abilities and knowledge in
order to perform any task. This helps the organisation to gain competitive advantage in
the market. Respective company have the staff who makes proper use of resources that
helps them to produce the products according to the needs and wants of the customers.
The staff of develops new strategies which helps the company to generate more profits.
 Staff – Staff are one of the most important aspects of the business organisation. The
overall development of the business depends upon the staff members also. If the staff
members are well educated, have proper skills and knowledge then it will be beneficial
for the company (Vallaster and et. al., 2018). Mark and Spencer provides its staff
members with proper training and development programmes so that they can be more
efficient. If the business have effective management and staff then they can build good
brand image among the market.
 Style -Style can be referred to the procedure adopted by the organisation. In marks and
spencer, it is organized by the top level administrator and the method and the plan of
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action which they adopt represent the values. Proper style of a management is needed to
gain the knowledge and power. Along with this, it also assists in developing business
strategy for initiating the shared values.
Importance of organisational design theory in the context of organizational structure
Organisational design theory can be referred as a classical theory of organisation, non
classic theory as well as modern organisation theory. With respect to organisational structure
classic theory is crucial. Through classical theory organisation can be determined as a machine
and people as a portion of a machine (McClean and Collins, 2019). Classical theory gives more
importance on the composition of a business with the purpose to achieve aims and objectives.
The classical theory includes the thought of three streams which are discussed below:
 F. W Taylor introduced Scientific management theory that gives more emphasise on on
the task performed by the staff members at the operational level.
 Henry Fayol formed the theory of administrative management which gives focus on the
principles and the functions of management.
 The final theory is Bureaucratic model which is introduced by Max weber which gave
more emphasise on bureaucracy of the rational organisation.
Non-classic organizational design theory basically boost or influence the structure of
organisation. This structure suggests the two thoughts of schools which are human relation
approach and the behavioural science approach.
Thus, Roethlisberger and Elton Mayo formulated the human relation approach which
give more emphasise on essential factors of social and psychological. This determines the
effectiveness and satisfaction of the employee. Whereas behavioural theory has been developed
by various experts where the essential hypothesis are F. Herzberg's, D. Mc. Gregor, V. Vroom
and A. Maslow. This conceptualization express more on relation of inter personal, group
dynamics, motivation of staff and individual drives.
P2. Analysation of different approaches and techniques used by an organisation for
attracting, maintaining, developing a well as rewarding human resources in order to
create a skilled and dedicated workforce
The individual who posses necessary skills, knowledge, experience, abilities with the
purpose to attain the organisational mission and vision are considered as skilled and dedicated
workers. Along with this, it also leads the organisation to improve the performance of the
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employee by giving proper guidance to them. This is one of the most essential aspects of the
business concern which assists in enhancing the customers experience also. Moreover, it is
crucial for the business concern to have efficient and effective staff members who are educated
and have proper skill (Greene, 2018). The Marks and Spencer company has the workforce who
are skilled, well-educated and talented which only concentrate on their piece of work and also
participate in other productive work. In addition to this, it is also associated with the solving of
various difficulty within organisation and also concentrates on the development and profits of a
company which is supposed to increase in future.
There are several formulation of strategy which has been adopted by the Marks and
Spencers company's business administrator with the purpose to draw the attention, create,
rewards and keep the talented human resource individual within the firm. Respective company
considers that the organization growth and success depends on the ability and skills of the staff
members. Marks and Spencer is a big multinational firm and is very reputed organisation that
have increasing turnover rates. But increasing turnover can have negative impact on the brand
image which they are developing. So, to avoid this negative position, Marks and Spencer has
introduced and adopted various theories and framework in their organisation. This theories and
framework assist the concerned organisation to develop, maintain and diversify the work force in
the firm. The explanation of those theories and framework are mentioned below:
 Evolution of positive working surroundings: This approach is generally based on
different aspects of the business such as team work, equity, cooperation, accountability
and many more at the company. This is crucial for the Marks and Spencer company to
enhance the coordination among the employee in the organisation so that level of
satisfaction can be increased among the worker (Kaše, Saksida and Mihelič, 2019).
Moreover, this will also assist the employee to feel connected with the firm as well as it
can increase the employee retention. By providing employee with the positive working
environment, respective company retain the existing employee and attracts the fresh
talent as well. After this salary is the second aspects which can influence the employee
performance in the organisation.
 Reward, Recognise and Reinforce: This is the another aspects which organisation needs
to retain as well as hold the employee in the organisation. As the company ca provide
employee with different types of rewards to employee so that they perform in a
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productive manner. By providing recognition awards also, the company can boost the self
esteem and confidence of the employee. This is considered as one of the most practical
business strategy that assist the business towards the success and growth. The employee
who perform in a productive manner and with full dedication, Mark and Spencer provides
them with rewards so that employee put more efforts to accomplish the mission and
vision of the organisation. This can provide motivation to employee as company give
rewards and recognition based on the performance. Through the employee can create
diversity and equity among each other which can be very effective for the organisation.
By the help of this good brand image of the company can be developed among the market
as company works on the welfare of the employee.
 Involve and Engage: The firm should give more focus on increasing the satisfaction
level of the employee. This aspect is one the human resources approach which company
takes into the consideration. This approach give more focus employee engagement and
involvement so that profitability aspect of the company can be increased. This is essential
for the administration to develop a sense of responsibility among the employees so that
activities can be carried effectively and efficiently (Widarni and Bawono, 2021). Marks
and Spencer has recruited the employee who have different skills, abilities and
knowledge. This lead the business to get more new ideas, strategies which lead them to
develop competition in the market. Through this satisfaction of the employees also
enhanced. This is most needed and required aspects in order to hold the active worker in
the organization and also to raise the productivity of business.
 Develop Potential and Skills: Managing director at Marks and Spencer will adopt this
strategy in respect to hold current staff unit and recruit new ones. For a business concern
skill development is important aspects because it allows them to gain the business's total
productivity. Worker skill development is important for personal and professional
development. Employees are provided with different future chance inside the same
organisation or with other organisation. It will boost workers to remain on board with
Marks and Spencer.
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P3. Conducting research and use of contemporary knowledge to support the emerging HR
developments
In an organisation, socialisation of employee can be focused which represents the
development human resources. This approach help the organisation to provide employee with
several element according to the ability and knowledge so that growth can be achieved. The
human resource development has various approach which have a broad mission and vision with
the purpose to gain the development of worker through training and development. This allow the
worker to make an appropriate position in the organisation which leads them to acquire the
advance career as well as accomplish the goal.
In past years, human resource management has the different rising trends which will help
the employee to increase their potential in the organisation and make them comfortable and
satisfied with the organisation working environment. In the emerging formulation of human
resource management, it is necessary to have the technology (Ramos-González, Rubio-Andrés
and Sastre-Castillo, 2022). It is crucial to grab the advantage which rise in the marketplace and
machinery makes the piece of work more simple. It also assist in raising the productivity of the
firm. Marks and Spencer firm select the improving Human resource development approaches in
the organisation which give aid to raise the spirit of their worker and also offers employee more
flexibility in the human resources. Therefore, it is crucial for the business concern to increase the
dedication of employees towards the task of organisation. Some of the rising human resource
development is mentioned below with respect to Marks and Spencer:
 Hybrid work model: In an effort to run the business operation in an effective manner,
this model of human resources development is used. It is considered as one of the most
crucial plan of action which is formed for several employee and it also assist in
enhancing the productivity of business enterprise. This model is also used to as the
worker centric approach and this approach also gives flexibility to the worker. This assist
both the worker in organisation and the employees of remote area with the purpose to
raise the feeling of satisfaction inside the organization.
 Power skills to employees: This is one of the important aspect of an organisation as
there is increase demand of virtual working environment. Here, environment of virtual
working needs employees who poses technical skills which leads organisation to increase
the efficiency and effectiveness. The development of a power skills also assist
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organisation towards balanced working environment, satisfaction of customer, as well as
good communication among the working environment.
 Transition from employee well-being to a healthy organisation: To increase the
employees mental health and well being, the organisation should give more focus on
providing them with positive working environment. This model is very essential while
achieving the success in a business with the purpose to take care of employee well being
and mental health (Yan and et. al., 2020). In context to Mark and Spencer company, with
the help of this approach, they give more focus on physical fitness, mental health and
safety of employees in the organisation. Here the top authorities also provide flexibility
and opportunities of development. Along with this the organisation also provide trainings
to the employee to increase their ability.
P4. Evaluate how organisational design has to respond and adapt to change management
and the relationship that exists between the two using a specific organisational
situation.
The management change can be referred as an arranged plan of action that gives more
focus on transforming organisation goals and objectives along with the process. This is one of
the important aspects of the business enterprise in order to execute the suitable changes in the
organisation so that they can cope with the current and future business scenarios. In an effort to
bring effective change within the firm, strategic planning is required which provide surety that
the changes won't have negative impact in the organisation. Therefore, it also includes
motivating the worker and also evaluating those activities which have negative impact.
Change management theory and models
The change management theories is a framework that assist in transforming the procedure
as well as group with the purpose to have better the outcome of business enterprise. This is
essential theory for every organisation as it is used for change management with an effort to
execute it properly (Jain, Duggal and Ansari, 2019). One of the famous change management
theory is Lewin's change management model. This model is well known for its simplicity that is
mentioned below in detail.
Lewin's Change management Model
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According to this framework, change is taken as a procedure which includes many
misunderstandings, and in order for a firm to successfully utilize change, it must first unfreeze,
change, and then freeze the process.
 Unfreezing
It is a critical phase of change management where the conversation is all about how to change
and what to change (Lai, Sun and Ren, 2018). In context to Marks and Spencer company at this
level it measures the process of current and identify the essential for the change.
 Change
At this level Marks and Spencer organization requires to form the changes and their worker must
know about the possibility that will convey the changes in the organization.
 Freeze
Marks and Spencer must form the confidence about the changes within the firm. The
organization should also celebrate the win that changes carry into the firm.
Role of HR in management of change and organisational design
Human resources can be very necessary in an organisation while implementing the
secondary and additional restructure. The HR usually maintains the understanding of how all of
the staff office and the activity that exists with the expectation to be one of the first additional of
change with the purpose to take activity throughout the whole corporation (Muldoon, 2020). The
purpose of HR could be to assure the changes which are performed with proper experience and
which get focus of humans of the firm. Some of the necessary roles carried out with the help of
HR within the firm are discussed below:
 Understanding
If there is a demand of HR to alter the scenario in the business then it is necessary to realize the
view of changes.
 Planning
Subsequently, acquiring the full knowledge, the human resource is required to form the structure
of process and the situation to execute the changes.
 Implementing
The most essential function is to execute the modification plan in a certain manner with the aid
of management.
 Communicating
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After the carrying out the changes there is a demand to convey in the right way with the
employees with the purpose to give them the entire knowledge of the coming process.
Types of change
 Organisational wide change
This change is done at a big scale and it can impact the entire structure of organisation. Marks
and Spencer company can use this changes when there is need of restructure of an organisation.
 Unplanned change
This type of changes doesn't include the predictions or forecasting (Aboramadan and et. al.,
2019). This can be taken as a situation where to go suddenly out of hand.
 Personnel change
This kind of changes take into the consideration the betterment of worker in an organisation. The
company Marks and Spencer give the changes which lay off or hire an employees for the benefit
of company.
 Transformational change
This changes are utilised to deal with the element which are necessary in the alteration.
 Remedial change
This change is executed with the purpose to increase the functionality of the business. The
organization adopt this change in order to raise the productivity.
Relationship among the organisational design and change management.
There is a strong relation among the layout of organisation and alternate control. The
method of alternate control can be utilised to alter or hold the layout of orgaisation in Marks and
Spencer. If Marks and Spencer needs to adopt the alternate within the commercial enterprise then
it needs to make strategies.
Recommendations
An advice to the creator of Marks and Spencer is to form certain that the communique is
carried out properly among the personnel and the control approximately the alternate. It is
similarly encouraged that the implementation of alternate in Marks and Spencer, the organization
need to have a voice within the implementation of HR.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that human resources is an essential factor in
the business enterprise which assist to develop the organisation and to achieve the goals. An
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organisation design theory is a plan of action which aid the business to evolve the strong
organisational structure in which the duty and responsibilities of several worker are clear. There
are various human resource trends that taking place with the purpose to gain productivity in the
organisation.
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