Detailed Report on the Human Respiratory and Cardiac Systems

This report provides an overview of the human respiratory and cardiac systems, highlighting their crucial roles in maintaining overall health. It discusses ventilation, the process of gas exchange, and contrasts it with pulse rate, which measures heartbeats per minute. The report also examines how blood is redistributed during exercise to support working tissues and organs, while reducing flow to other systems like the digestive system. Circulatory diseases, which affect veins and arteries, are explored, emphasizing the impact of environmental factors on their development and severity. Furthermore, the report categorizes respiratory disorders into chronic and infectious types, with a focus on pulmonary infections caused by viral or bacterial attacks and infectious respiratory diseases like rhinitis and asthma. Risk factors associated with these diseases, such as tobacco smoking, biomass fuel use, and air pollutants, are also examined. The report concludes by reiterating the vital functions of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, noting the key components of the respiratory system, including the lungs, alveoli, trachea, and bronchioles.

HUMAN RESPIRATORY AND CARDIAC
SYSTEMS

CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• QUESTIONS
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
• Human blood circulatory system is an
organs system which involves blood
vessels, heart and blood that is circulated
in whole human body and other
vertebrate.
• Circulatory system includes vascular
system or cardiovascular system, which
include blood vessels and heart.

QUESTION 1
• ventilation is the process of exchanging
gas in human body.
• It is also known as breathing process.
However, pulse rate is known as the
measurement of heart rate or number of
times the human heart beats in one
minute.

QUESTION 2
• At the time of exercise, blood is
redistributed by the cardiovascular
system of human so that more amount of
blood.
• Which goes to the working tissues and
organs and less amount of blood goes to
other body organs like digestive system.

QUESTION 3
• A circulatory diseases is health condition
which affects the veins and arteries.
• Most often, vascular disease due to the
narrowing of arteries through various
reason.
• Which results blocking the blood flow to the
body organs and caused heart disease.

QUESTION 4
• Exposure to environmental is a crucial
but unappreciated risk elements
contributing for the severity and
development of circulatory disease.
• The vascular system and the heart
muscle are the highly vulnerable for a
number of environmental factors.

QUESTION 5
• There are two kinds of respiratory
disorders and diseases that is chronic and
infectious.
• Pulmonary infection are generally occur
due to the viral or bacterial attack.

QUESTION 6
• some of the infectious respiratory disease
such as rhinitis, mortality and asthma.
• These are associated with the risk factors
like tobacco smoking, biomass fuel use,
coal dust and particulate matter, and other
pollutants consisting ozone, sulphur
dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.

CONCLUSION
• According to the above discussion, it is
concluded that in human body
cardiovascular system and respiratory
system play a crucial role.
• Human respiratory system consist lungs,
alveoli, trachea and bronchioles.

REFERENCE
Kaveh, A. and Kooshkebaghi, M., 2019. Artificial coronary circulation system: A new bio-
inspired metaheuristic algorithm. Scientia Iranica, 26(5), pp.2731-2747.
Forsman, L., Mudarres, A., Nilsen, I., Svensson, E., Talal, S. and von Sydow, A., 2021.
Computational fluid dynamics of the human cerebral circulation system: A biological
perspective.
Hiroura, M., Hirota, T., Mukai, J., Masaki, R., Naoki, Y., Tominaga, Y., Date, H. and
Yokoyama, T., 2018. Construction of arteriovenous circulation system to gain of the close
feeling to insert a catheter into human vessel. Journal of Biorheology, 32(2), pp.56-64.
Chakshu, N.K., Sazonov, I. and Nithiarasu, P., 2021. Towards enabling a cardiovascular digital
twin for human systemic circulation using inverse analysis. Biomechanics and modeling in
mechanobiology, 20(2), pp.449-465.

REFERENCE
• Nho, R., 2020. Pathological effects of nano-sized particles on the respiratory
system. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 29, p.102242.
• Batista da Silva Galdino, A., do Nascimento Rangel, A.H., Buttar, H.S., Sales
Lima Nascimento, M., Cristina Gavioli, E., Oliveira, R.D.P., Cavalcanti Sales,
D., Urbano, S.A. and Anaya, K., 2021. Bovine colostrum: benefits for the
human respiratory system and potential contributions for clinical management
of COVID-19. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 32(1), pp.143-162.
• Meyer, K.B., Wilbrey-Clark, A., Nawijn, M. and Teichmann, S.A., 2021. The
Human Lung Cell Atlas: a transformational resource for cells of the respiratory
system. Lung Stem Cells in Development, Health and Disease (ERS
Monograph). Sheffield, European Respiratory Society, pp.158-174.