Research on Human Rights Violations Over Children Refugees

This research report delves into the critical issue of human rights violations experienced by refugee children in host countries. It begins by establishing the responsibilities of host countries and international organizations like UNHCR in safeguarding refugees. The study outlines the basic human rights of refugees, explores the reasons behind child migration, and investigates specific challenges faced by refugee children, including those in refugee camps. It further analyzes the role of international human rights law, refugee law, and humanitarian law in protecting these vulnerable individuals, using the case study of refugee camps in Ethiopia to illustrate practical challenges. Finally, the report offers recommendations for enhancing the protection of refugee children, emphasizing the impact of human rights principles on refugee protection mechanisms. Desklib provides this report and other resources for students.

Running head: RESEARCH 1
HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION OVER THE CHILDREN REFUGEES IN THE HOST COUNTRY
STUDENT DETAILS
9/14/2018

RESEARCH 2
Contents
Summary..........................................................................................................................................4
Preface.............................................................................................................................................4
Abbreviations...................................................................................................................................5
Chapter 1.........................................................................................................................................8
Background......................................................................................................................................8
1.1 Object of research study......................................................................................................10
1.2 Research method and relevant material.............................................................................11
1.1 Scope and Delimitations.................................................................................................12
1.2 Disposition..........................................................................................................................13
Chapter 2.......................................................................................................................................15
Meaning and reasons of migration................................................................................................15
2.1 General overview.................................................................................................................15
2.2 Reasons for migration of children-..........................................................................................16
2.3 Basic human rights for refugees..............................................................................................17
2.4 Refugees have human rights...............................................................................................19
2.5 Refugee law v human rights law..........................................................................................19
2.6 The Refugee law v humanitarian law..................................................................................21
2.7 International Human Rights Law as a instrument or device for duty of host country-......25
2.8 International Refugee Law as a Tool for State Responsibility.............................................27
2.9 The International Humanitarian Law as a device for the liability of host country..............30
Chapter 3.......................................................................................................................................32
Specific issues related to refugee children....................................................................................32
3.1 The problem of migration....................................................................................................32
3.2 Specific issues in context of refugees..................................................................................33
Chapter 4.......................................................................................................................................39
Refugee camps in the host country...............................................................................................39

RESEARCH 3
4.1 Establishment of refugee camps in host country...........................................................39
4.2 Problems and Rights Violations in Refugee Camps.............................................................44
4.2 UNHCR Alternatives to Refugee Camps..........................................................................44
Chapter 5.......................................................................................................................................46
Recommendations for refugee children........................................................................................46
5.1 Impacts of human rights principles on refugee protection mechanisms-..........................46
5.2 Recommendation for refugee children-..............................................................................47
Chapter 6.......................................................................................................................................52
Conclusion......................................................................................................................................52
References.....................................................................................................................................57

RESEARCH 4
Summary
The major duty of host country is to secure the refugees. However, in absence of the ability or
willingness to protect the refugees of host country, it transfers to international organizations such
as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and its executing partners. In the
consideration of mandatory international protection to refugees by United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and in consideration of permanent solution for the
refugee’s issue, the research thesis will discuss some questions. To accomplish the aims or
purpose of research study, the following objectives of research will be attained-
1. What are the basic human rights of refugees?
2. What is the problem of refugee children?
3. What are the specific issues in relation to violations of human rights over children
refugees in United Kingdom?
4. How international human rights law protects the refugee children?
5. What are the influences of principles of human rights upon refugee protection
mechanisms?
6. What are the reasons for the migration of children?
7. What are the recommendations for the protection of refugee children?
Preface

RESEARCH 5
In writing the research thesis, I have learned from many books, articles and journal in respect of
the laws, rules and regulations of host country in respect of rising difficulty of refugee’s issue.
However, I have well-read many important things regarding issues of refugee in refugee camps
about the hope and danger of human souls.
Abbreviations
ARRA Administration for Refugee and Returnees Affairs
ARIO ILC’s Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations
ARISWA ILC’s Articles on State Responsibility
EU European Union
GA United Nations General Assembly
IDP Internally Displaced Person
ILC International Law Commission
NGO Non-governmental Organization
OAU Organization of African Unity
RaDO Rehabilitation and Development Organization
R2P Responsibility to Protect SGBV Sexual and Gender Based Violence
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
AU African Union

RESEARCH 6
COI Country of Origin Information
CTD Convention Travel Document

RESEARCH 7
ECHR European Convention on Human Rights

RESEARCH 8
Chapter 1
Background
The main duty of host country is to secure everyone as well as refugees in its territory. From this
follows the related theories that it is the power and law of the country that also administrate the
refugee camps in its jurisdiction. On the other hand, it is found in this research paper, the extent
to which the host country exercises power and control in the refugee camps vary widely. The
refugee camp is as such an out of the ordinary establishment being located in the jurisdiction of a
host country but in practice restricted by a extensive range of actors other than host country. In
the position of the host country, UNHCR and its executing non-profit organizations (NGOs)
have increasingly understood liability for the administration and direction of refugee camps.
Many legal standards moreover administer that actors have a duty or compulsion to guard the the
basic human rights of refugees. The array of actors and accordingly legal regime, all coming
together in the place of the refugee camp debatably makes contribution to a state of legal
uncertainty rather than to a powerful and complete administration in which refugees are sheltered
at various stages. These are mainly the major problems which are going to discuss in the
following parts of research paper. The refugee camps are proposed to hold people for a short
period until they may return to daily routine either in their own country, in the nation of first
refuge or being resettled in a third country. However, many people are not able to return back
home and finish living in the refugee camps for years while suffering from deficiency of job,
lack of independence of movement, and at some stage terror of physical abuse.

RESEARCH 9
These days, the problem of migration is arising in many countries such as United Kingdom,
Bangladesh, Greece, Lebanon, Italy and turkey. Bangladesh greeted many Rohingya refugees
and displaced children. The respect of Bangladesh for the principle of nonrefoulement is
especially admirable at the time when other nations are creating wall, pushing the refugees
behind the border, and expelling person without proper determining their claims of security. In
Greece, million refugees have arrived in 2015 and early 2016. The number of comings reduced
after the Balkan border was locked in March 2016. The Turkey and European Union applied a
deal framed to reduce the movement of displaced and migrated people (Wilson, 2014).
In United Kingdom, application of asylum to the United Kingdom are comparatively low- 32733
in year 2015. In present time, this number has been increased. They are importantly less than the
topmost of 84000 applications back in 2002. The most of children who search for asylum in the
United Kingdom have escaped countries withered by war and misuses of human rights (Smith,
2015). In 2015, many applications came for the migration in the United Kingdom. In 2015,
approximately 3695 applications came from Eritrea, 3242 applications came from Iran, 2912
applications came from Sudan, and 2539 applications came from Syria (William, 2018).
In July 2016, about 4.9 million Syrian refugees are hosted by the two nations namely Turkey and
Lebanon (Biehl, 2015). The United Kingdom has assured to relocate the 20000 Syrians to
provide the assistance to refugee camps. In June 2016, 2682 Syrian refugees have come in the
United Kingdom by the scheme (Bottcher, et al 2015). In the end of year 2016, 665000
applications for the asylum have been received in Germany. Sweden is on second number. About
149000 applications have been received in Sweden. Further, it is found that Hungary is third.
About 131000 applications have been received in Hungary (Schwartz-Shea and Yanow, 2013).

RESEARCH 10
In this way, these three nations received sixty three percent of all the asylum application. United
Kingdom is at eighth number in Europe.
1.1 Object of research study
The main object of the research paper is to add to the discussion of how to secure the human
rights of refugees in host country. whereas there is no doubt that an independent host country
holds the main object for the conditions of human rights in the jurisdiction of host country. It is
also appropriate to discuss issue of accountability in respect of UNHCR and the more actors in
refugee camps. The international law of UNHCR orders to give international security to refugees
and seek solution for issue of refugee problems. In this way, it is required to discuss in detail on
the following parts of research paper, whether or not UNHCR has an obligation to take step in
response to violation of human rights of refugee camps. If so, what are the potential limits that
present for the scope of the duty of host country? The UNHCR is accountable for act and
omission of the executing partners in operations of refugee camps operations. The research paper
explores problems related to human rights of refugee in refugee camps and to some extent the
policies and rules of international accountability as well as in respect of case study of refugee
camps in Ethiopia.
The research study is helpful for the researchers to attain their knowledge about meaning and
concept of violation of human rights over the children refugees. It may be effective to understand
the different basic human rights of the refugees. The research study is also important for the
country to decide the influences of human rights principles on the refugee protection mechanism
(Ravitch and Carl, 2015).

RESEARCH 11
The main important thing for a researcher is to evaluate the real objects of the research study.
The reason is that research objects help to complete the research study successfully in proper
way (Sacks, 2015). The major objective of the research study is to examine the basic human
rights of the refugees. There are some objects related to the research, which are mentioned as
follows-
1. To understand the basic human rights of the refugees.
2. To understand the problem of refugee children.
3. To analyse the international human rights law to protect the refugee children
4. To determine the impacts of human rights principles on the refugee protection
mechanisms.
5. To analyse the various specific issues related to the violations of human rights over
children refugees in United Kingdom.
6. To have knowledge of the reasons of migration of children
7. To determine the various recommendations for the protection of refugee children.
1.2 Research method and relevant material
The introduction chapter of the research methodology helps to obtain the knowledge in deep in
respect of methods, approaches, and procedures to conduct the research study in a procedural
way. The introduction chapter of the research methodology is also helpful for the researcher to
give the support in order to pool the details or information and data from a huge number of
contributors. It also collects the various sources to fulfil the requirements of research and meet

RESEARCH 12
the research project (Lindert et al, 2016). In this research study, the research philosophy forms
the understanding and knowledge of a researcher in respect of issue of research (Sigona,
2018). In addition of this, the selection of the proper research philosophy helps a researcher to
evaluate the approaches of combining, assessing and understanding the data by making use of
process of research (Myhrvold, 2015).
In respect of searching the accurate answers to the above discussed questions and objective of
research, many research methods are employed. The traditional legal method, summarizing
literature from known researchers, is primarily utilized. The international law, regional law
and domestic refugee law instruments and rules related to human rights are also observed in
respect of the literatures. Since United Nation High Commissioner for Refugee (UNHCR) is at
the center of this thesis paper, resources created by office are also utilized widely such as
UNHCR ExCom decisions, varioys Handbooks, and many official reports are studied. This
research paper select the case study of human rights violations in the refugee camps of
Ethiopia, in respect of the showing problems of international security from a practical
viewpoint and to show the common over view of conditions of refugee camps. The legal study
of domestic laws mainly, critical investigation of the Refugee laws of Ethiopia, applicable
human right law and details taken by deliberations with staff members of ARRA and staff
members of UNHCR have been asked and worked in addition to the own observation of
authors while functioning for Ethiopia office in UNHCR stated in the research paper.
1.1 Scope and Delimitations
Trying to show, evaluate, observe, review and compare then decide a main matter such as
violations of the human rights in refugee camps in the host country and decide which actor has