Disability & Human Rights: A Critical Reflection on Human Services

This essay provides a critical reflection on human services, focusing on key historical and contemporary theories related to ageing, disability, diversity, and discrimination. It examines the application of knowledge concerning relevant policies and acts pertaining to disability, ageing, discrimination, and human rights. The essay also explores dominant ideologies of normality and how they maintain social regimes of ableism. Furthermore, it delves into non-ableist theoretical perspectives, concepts, and methodologies that promote well-being, referencing theories such as the Disengagement Theory, Activity Theory, and the Neuroendocrine Theory. The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) is discussed in detail, along with its implications and protections. The essay concludes by summarizing the challenges faced by individuals with disabilities and emphasizing the importance of understanding and addressing these issues within the framework of human services.

CRITICAL
REFELECTION
ON
HUMAN
SERVICES

Contents
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................3
TASK.......................................................................................................................................................3
Essay......................................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
In nations, there are many peoples who suffer from many different disabilities which
they cause problem for survival and they also get problem to satisfy their basic needs and
wants so for that I is very important for normal person that they help those need persons by
donating some money, foods and shelters. This all are very basic things which a person must
have for their survival. If person do not get basic things then they face many difficulties for
survival so for this government also have to donate something for these needy persons
(Carrington, 2018). In this essay it includes key historical and contemporary theories and
concept of ageing, disability, diversity and discrimination and it also includes apply
knowledge of key policies and acts related to their disability and ageing, discrimination and
human rights. In this essay it also includes dominant ideologies of normality and normalcy
work to produce and maintain social regimes of ableism and it also includes the
understanding of non-ableist theoretical perspectives, concepts and methodologies which
promote and value well-being (Leering, M.M., 2019).
TASK
Essay
Disengagement Theory Refers to an inevitable technique wherein most of the
relationships among someone and different participants of society are severed & the ones
closing are altered in quality. Withdrawal can be initiated through the aging man or woman or
through society, and can be partial or total. It became located that older human beings are
much less concerned with lifestyles than they had been as more youthful adults. As human
beings age they revel in more distance from society & they increase new forms of
relationships with society (Danso, 2018). In Australia there may be proof that society forces
withdrawal on older human beings whether or not or now no longer they need it. Some
endorse that this concept does now no longer remember the huge wide variety of older
individuals who do now no longer withdraw from society. This concept is acknowledged
because the first formal concept that tried to provide an explanation for the technique of
developing older. In this Activity Theory Is every other concept that describes the
psychosocial is getting old process. Activity concept emphasises the significance of on-going
social pastime. This concept shows that a character's self-idea is associated with the jobs held

with the aid of using that character i.e. retiring won't be so dangerous if the character actively
keeps different roles, together with familial roles, leisure roles, volunteer & network roles. To
hold a nice experience of self the character should alternative new roles for the ones which
might be misplaced due to age. And research display that the kind of pastime does matter,
simply because it does with more youthful people (Bianchi and Labory, 2018). The
Neuroendocrine Theory in this First proposed with the aid of using Professor Vladimir
Dilman and Ward Dean MD, this idea elaborates on put on and tear with the aid of using
focusing at the neuroendocrine machine. This machine is a complex community of
biochemical that govern the discharge of hormones which might be altered with the aid of
using the walnut sized gland referred to as the hypothalamus positioned within side the brain
(Shelley and McCuaig, 2018). The hypothalamus controls numerous chain-reactions to train
different organs and glands to launch their hormones etc. The hypothalamus additionally
responds to the frame hormone ranges as a manual to the general hormonal activity (Eales,
and Goodwin, 2022). But as we get older the hypothalamus loses it precision regulatory
capacity and the receptors which uptake person hormones turn out to be much less touchy to
them. Accordingly, as we age the secretion of many hormones declines and their
effectiveness (as compared unit to unit) is likewise decreased because of the receptors down-
grading.
The DDA (Disability Discrimination Act) got here into impact in 1995. It has been
amended some of instances due to the fact via way of means of rules carried out in Northern
Ireland. Anyone with a incapacity is included via way of means of the DDA (Disability
Discrimination Act). The DDA defines incapacity as a bodily or intellectual impairment
which has a huge and long-time period unfavourable impact on a person’s capacity to
perform ordinary every day activities (Gursansky, Harvey and Kennedy, 2020). This consists
of large sight loss. The kinds of discrimination it will let you task are: direct discrimination
( It makes a prohibition of using blind people) incapacity associated discrimination (for
example, a taxi driving force refusing to take a blind passenger due to the fact they have got a
manually) failure via way of means of an enterprise to make an inexpensive adjustment to
permit you get admission to goods, centres and their services of victimisation of harassment
(Gill, 2019). The DDA(Disability Discrimination Act) covers key regions of lifestyles
consisting of employment and training; education goods, centres and services; premises and
transport. We have produced factsheets to provide you greater facts on how you're blanketed
beneath Neath the DDA (Disability Discrimination Act) one presents a widespread

evaluation of ways the DDA (Disability Discrimination Act) protects your rights, and the
alternative presents greater unique facts and examples of ways you're blanketed at paintings
and whilst making use of for jobs.
 Disability Discrimination Act 1995 - General overview
 Disability Discrimination Act 1995 – Employment
The Equality Commission for Northern Ireland The Equality Commission is the impartial
public frame that oversees equality and discrimination regulation in Northern Ireland. It can
offer you with recommendation and promotes equality of possibility on grounds of gender,
age, disability, sexual orientation, race, spiritual perception or political opinion. The Labour
Relations Agency the Labour Relations Agency works to enhance employment family
members in Northern Ireland (López Rodríguez, 2021). It may want to assist you to clear up
employment disputes via its conciliation, mediation and arbitration services. If you need to
investigate approximately an problem for your workplace, the Agency prefers preliminary
touch with the aid of using phone, so name the closest workplace to you:
 Belfast on 028 9032 1442
 Or Londonderry / Derry on 028 7126 9639.
Ideology facilitates us to provide an explanation for how unequal and unjust social family
members are maintained in society. More specifically, the idea has been relevant in tries to
provide an explanation for how monetary and social inequalities in capitalist societies are
justified and seem like regular. If capitalism best works within side the pursuits of a small
range of people, as many argue, the bulk should be satisfied that the capitalist device is
natural (Brock and Von Wangenheim, 2019). notwithstanding the flaws of capitalism, along
with monetary and social inequality, exploitation of workers, and so on, ideology prohibits
any opportunity views from being taken seriously. Theories of ideology try to provide an
explanation for why folks that are deprived with the aid of using the capitalist device appear
to make concessions for it. We come upon ideology in conditions wherein unequal social
family members seem like regular and hard to challenge. For example, ideology performs a
position in how we would consider conditions along with poverty, and emerges in questions
along with: are the bad guilty for his or her poverty? Have they made horrific choices? Or is
poverty produced structurally with the aid of using a distribution of wealth that favours an
elite social class? Capitalist ideology has a tendency to reply those questions with the view

that, like all people in society, the bad are personally chargeable for their personal lifestyles
situation (López Rodríguez, 2021). This manner that the capitalist device, which many argue
works with the aid of using concentrating wealth upwards into the palms of the rich few isn't
always the purpose of poverty. In this example, ideology takes the shape of a dominant social
value: individualism. Individualism is visible as suitable due to the fact all people can pursue
his or her personal pursuits, and capitalism is the best device that permits this pursuit.
Ideology as false consciousness: We come upon ideology in conditions wherein unequal
social family members seem like regular and hard to challenge. For example, ideology
performs a position in how we would consider conditions along with poverty, and emerges in
questions along with: are the bad guilty for his or her poverty? Have they made horrific
choices? Or is poverty produced structurally with the aid of using a distribution of wealth that
favours an elite social class? Capitalist ideology has a tendency to reply those questions with
the view that, like all people in society, the bad are personally chargeable for their personal
lifestyles situation (Masson and Baldwin, 2021). This manner that the capitalist device, which
many argue works with the aid of using concentrating wealth upwards into the palms of the
rich few isn't always the purpose of poverty. In this example, ideology takes the shape of a
dominant social value: individualism. Individualism is visible as suitable due to the fact all
people can pursue his or her personal pursuits, and capitalism is the best device that permits
this pursuit. Ideology as a set of social practices in the second which is theorised with the aid
of using the French political philosopher, Louis Althusser, ideology is much less an phantasm
this is liable to reality than a hard and fast of practices and thoughts which might be produced
inside social establishments together with the church, media, and the school. In this 2d sense,
ideology doesn’t contain aware concept and fake information approximately the social
international. Instead, ideology is known as a social mechanism that produces difficulty
positions; this to mention an area within side the social international from which we stay our
lives. These difficulty positions include, for example, student, teacher, cleaner, CEO, and so
on. The factor is that ideology invests such difficulty positions with social meaning
Ableism can take many paperwork including the lack of compliance with incapacity rights
legal guidelines just like the ADA (American with Disabilities Act). Segregating college
students with disabilities into separate schools and the use of restraint or seclusion as a
method of controlling college students with disabilities Segregating adults and kids with
disabilities in institutions. It is failing to comprise accessibility into constructing layout plans
Buildings without braille on signs, elevator buttons, etc. Building inaccessible websites The

assumption that humans with disabilities need or want to be fixed and using incapacity as a
punch line or mocking humans with disabilities Refusing to offer affordable accommodations
The eugenics motion of the early 1900s The mass homicide of disabled humans in Nazi
Germany (Rolfe and Freshwater, 2020).

CONCLUSION
From this above essay it has been concluded that in how disability person survive and what
difficulties they have to face when they are surviving. In this essay it includes the proper
understanding of key historical theories and concepts of their ageing, disability, and diversity
and discrimination do deep study in this matter. It also includes the knowledge and skills of
key policies and acts related to their disability of human rights and discrimination. In this
essay it also includes understanding of how dominant ideologies of normality and normalcy
are work to produces and effective to maintain social regimes. In this essay it also includes
the understanding of non ableist theoretical perspectives, concepts and methodologies.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals:
Carrington, A., 2018. Social work’s role in developing domestic violence curriculum across
disciplines: critical reflections from working with dentistry.
Danso, R., 2018. Cultural competence and cultural humility: A critical reflection on key
cultural diversity concepts. Journal of Social Work, 18(4), pp.410-430.
Eales, L. and Goodwin, D.L., 2022. Addressing Trauma in Adaptive Physical Activity: A
Call to Reflection and Action. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 1(aop), pp.1-19.
Gill, S., 2019. Global Governance “As It Was, Is and Ought to Be”: A Critical
Reflection. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International
Organizations, 25(3), pp.371-392.
López Rodríguez, L., 2021. Upcycling as a Tool for Participatory Critical Reflection.
In Sustainable Fashion and Textiles in Latin America (pp. 345-364). Springer,
Singapore.
López Rodríguez, L., 2021. Upcycling as a Tool for Participatory Critical Reflection.
In Sustainable Fashion and Textiles in Latin America (pp. 345-364). Springer,
Singapore.
Masson, I. and Baldwin, L. eds., 2021. Critical Reflections on Women, Family, Crime and
Justice. Policy Press.
Rolfe, G. and Freshwater, D., 2020. Critical reflection in practice: generating knowledge for
care. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Leering, M.M., 2019. Perils, pitfalls and possibilities: Introducing reflective practice
effectively in legal education. The Law Teacher, 53(4), pp.431-445.
Bianchi, P. and Labory, S., 2018. Industrial policy for the manufacturing revolution:
Perspectives on digital globalisation. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Shelley, K. and McCuaig, L., 2018. Close encounters with critical pedagogy in socio-
critically informed health education teacher education. Physical Education and
Sport Pedagogy, 23(5), pp.510-523.
Gursansky, D., Harvey, J. and Kennedy, R., 2020. Case management: Policy, practice and
professional business. Routledge.
Brock, J.K.U. and Von Wangenheim, F., 2019. Demystifying AI: What digital transformation
leaders can teach you about realistic artificial intelligence. California Management
Review, 61(4), pp.110-134.