Hybrid Seeds: A Comprehensive Analysis of Production and Types

This essay provides a comprehensive overview of hybrid seeds, starting with an introduction to their definition and importance in agriculture. It then delves into the differences between hybrid and non-hybrid seeds, highlighting the advantages of hybrid seeds, such as improved yield and disease resistance, and the disadvantages, including higher production costs and the inability to save seeds for future planting. The essay outlines the detailed steps involved in hybrid seed production, including the selection and development of parent seeds, maintenance and multiplication of parental lines, and the production and improvement of F1 hybrids. It also discusses the main requisites for hybrid seed production, the characteristics of parental lines, and provides examples of popular hybrid varieties like roses, corn, and tomatoes. Finally, the essay addresses the cost of producing hybrid seeds, providing a well-rounded analysis of the topic.

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HYBRID SEEDS
17th July 2019
INTRODUCTION TO THE HYBRID SEEDS
In the field of gardening and agriculture, hybrid seeds are being produced by the cross-
pollinated plants. In this regard, it can be said that hybrid seeds are being regarded as a type of
technology which is based on the cross-pollination. In this, two diversely related pure lines show
desire traits and thus they produce hybrid seeds. In a simple way, it can also be defined as
performing the cross between two or more unrelated inbred plants. Therefore, the result of a
given combination will give life to another plant which are called by the name of the hybrid
plant.
At present, hybrid seeds are gaining major popularity. This is because; the given seeds
are more effective than the other types of seeds. Thus, here we will carry on our discussion upon
the main pros and cons that are associated with the hybrid seeds. Further, here discussion will
also be carried out upon the main steps which are being used in order to make a production of
hybrid seeds in an effectual manner.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HYBRID AND NON HYBRID SEEDS
Before getting into more details about the hybrid seeds, it is very much essential for the
individual that it should at first improve its understanding about the hybrid and non-hybrid seeds.
This is due to the reason that it is by having good knowledge of the same only, an individual is
able to get a better idea about hybrid seeds in an effectual manner. The difference between
hybrid and non-hybrid seeds are given in the below mentioned table:
HYBRID SEEDS NON-HYBRID SEEDS
These seeds are cross-pollinated by using two
different strains of the plants
On the other hand, non-hybrid seeds are
naturally pollinated.
There is no other name of hybrid seeds. They are also called by the name of open-
pollinated or the heirloom seeds.
The hybrid plants do not produce seeds that
can be used with an aim to grow a similar type
of plants. Thus, if a person will again have to
Unlike hybrid seeds, in the non-hybrid seeds,
an individual can get the seeds from the plants.
Thus, the seeds can be used with an aim to
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grow the similar type of hybrid vegetables or
the fruit then in this situation it will again have
to go through the whole process of hybrid
seeds manufacture in an effectual way.
Further, it is often used with an aim to
manufacture the vegetables.
grow a similar type of plants. But, it is used for
producing fruits and vegetables, etc.
It is very much expensive in nature It is not that much expensive in nature
Therefore, it is very correct to say that these are being regarded as the main difference
that tends to exist between hybrid and non-hybrid seeds.
PROS OF HYBRID SEEDS
It is very beneficial for the individual that it should have the information about the pros
associated with hybrid seeds. Thus, the details about the same are given below:
 It is very much less affected by the different types of environmental stress such as insects
and plants diseases etc.
 It also has the advantage that it tends to offer better and the consistent performance in
comparison to the non-hybrid seeds in an effectual manner.
 It also helps in the process of providing yield benefits to the individual who grows such
types of plants. This happens because hybrid seeds are most drought and the pest
tolerant. In addition to this, they also have a capability with respect to change themselves
as per the climatic condition. Thus, with the help of hybrid seeds, farmers can avoid
different yield-related risks.
 The hybrid seeds are much stronger and larger plants.
 It helps in the process of obtaining very new species of vegetables or flowers etc. Thus,
these are being regarded as some major pros which are related to hybrid seeds in an
effectual manner.
CONS OF HYBRID SEEDS
We will now look into different cons that are related to hybrid seeds. Till now we have
gained the information about the benefits of using hybrid seeds and now we will look into the
limitations that are related to the same. The details are given below:
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 It takes very much time as well as money to prepare. This is due to the reason that the
process of developing hybrid seeds is not that much simple. Thus, it can be said that
with an aim to develop such seeds sufficient money will be required.
 It is very much costly in nature in comparison to the other type of seeds. Hence, it is
because of the given reason only there are many farmers who try to avoid the plantation
of the given type of seeds.
 It cannot be obtained with the help of the classical method of production. This is due to
the fact that many hybrid seeds or hybrid plants will have a mechanism that tends to
repulse the pollen alien to their species.
 It also has the limitation that the seeds which are being incurred from the hybrid seeds
cannot be saved for the future.
 There are many people who believe that produce from the given plants is not that much
tasty.
STEPS OF HYBRID SEEDS PRODUCTION
We have gained very much information about hybrid seeds. But now its time to have
some information about the steps which is being used with an aim to perform the production of
hybrid seeds. In accordance with the given context, it can be said that there are four major steps
examined that are related to the production of the hybrid seeds. The details about the same are
given below:
Step 1: Choice as well as the development of seeds parent (A-Line)
Herein, it can be said that for the commercial hybrid the female parent should possess
male sterling. However, in case if not a suitable male sterline is available then in the given
situation self-incompatible line is being used. Here, in the process of using the same manual
labor will be required. Furthermore, it can also be depicted that in the food grains crops wherein
the number of seeds that are produced in each pollination is restricted, the cytoplasmic genetic
sterline is being used as the seed parents.
On the other hand, in the vegetable seeds crops in which single pollination will tend to
produce many seeds, fertile pure lines are being used as the seeds plants in an effectual way.
After identifying the male sterline, an isogenic B-line should be maintained. In this context, the
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stains can be examined by performing B line crossing with the A-line in an effectual way.
Additionally, it can also be depicted that with the help of repeated crossing, B line can be
converted into the A-line. This is done until both A and B lines will become very much similar in
nature. When both become similar then it is called by the name of isogenic.
Step 2: Choice and the development of restorer or Male parent (R-line)
It is being regarded as the second most important component which is being required
with an aim to make a production of hybrid seeds. The given development is being performed
by using the pure line selection method. From the heterozygous gene pool, S0 is being selected
on the basis of different types of attributes such as disease resistance, vigour, and productivity,
etc. Here, after performing the self-pollination, S1 plants are being obtained and they are being
grown in the raw wise. The given function is repeated until S2 is obtained. The whole process
will be continued until S5 and S6.
On the other hand, the unwanted inbred line in the process is being discarded from the
whole process. In addition to this, the perspective of the R lines is being chosen with an aim to
make a development of F1 hybrid. This is being made on the basis of S5 and S6. Thus, it is very
correct to say that it is by complying with the given type of activity only the whole activity of
choice and the development of the restore is being completed. After that, the process will move
on to the third step.
Step 3: Maintenance and the multiplication of parental seeds
The hybrid programs are based on the 3 lines in the case of cross-pollinated crops. The
lines are A (Ms), B (maintainer) and R (Restorer). These all homozygous inbred is being
maintained by the breeder. In this regard, it is the responsibility of breeder that it should discard
any kind of changes that happen in population. For the effective maintenance, A and B lines are
grown in the ideal agronomic condition. On the other hand, for the effective maintenance of the
R-line, the plot should be completely isolated from the others in an effectual way.
Step 4: Production and the improvement of the F1 hybrid
With an aim to make a production of the F1 hybrid seeds, both A and R line are being
grown together. The ratio of them is 4:2 in the production block. The arrangement is same but
the B line is being substituted by the R lines. Moreover, for the improvement of the F1 hybrid, it
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is very much essential that the parental lines should be improved. Overall, it can be said that it is
being regarded as the basic process with the help of which hybrid seeds are being produced.
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MAIN REQUISITES OF THE HYBRID SEEDS PRODUCTION
It is very much important for the individual that it should also have the information about
the main requisites that are associated with the hybrid seeds. It is detailed below:
Breeder responsibility
 It is being regarded as the main responsibility of the breeder that it should develop the
inbred lines. This is because, if a given step is skipped then in this situation rest another
process will not be completed.
 It is also the responsibility of the breeder that it should get information about the specific
parental lines. In this regard, the breeder should make sure that the parental lines which
are being assessed by it should be correct.
 It is also required by the breeder that it should develop the system with an aim to control
the pollen.
The main problem of the breeder and the producer
 To perform the maintenance of the parental lines is being regarded as the main problem
of the breeder.
 To perform the separation of the male and female reproductive organs is being regarded
as another issue which is being faced by the breeder.
 To perform the work like pollination is another issue which is being faced by the breeder.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF PARENTAL LINES
There are some main features in relation to the parental lines examined and they are given below:
 There are two major types of parents such as female and male.
 The high seeds will tend to yield good pollen production
 Good seeds also characteristics the long shedding period.
 Male sterility leads to the plant's height.
Hence, it is on the basis of given features only an individual will get the idea that what are
the parental lines exactly is. It is through this way only an individual is able to recognize the
hybrid seeds in an effectual manner.
SOME POPULAR HYBRIDS
There are some examples drawn with an aim to get a better idea about the hybrids. These
are all detailed below:
 Roses: It is being regarded as one of the most popular varieties for the hybrid seeds.
There are huge numbers of hybrid roses are being found in the market and they are very
much popular also.
 Corn: Silver corn, double sweet and Kandy Korn are being regarded as some varieties of
the hybrid corn.
 Tomatoes: There are many varieties of hybrid tomatoes are also available in the market
and these are Celebration and Beef Maestro etc.
IS HYBRID SEEDS ARE EXPENSIVE TO PRODUCE?
We have discussed earlier also that hybrid seeds are being regarded as the type of seeds
which are being produced with the help of cross-pollination of the plants in an artificial way.
Thus, with an aim to do the same the scientist tends to perform the thousands of experiments as
well as combinations. This is done until the scientist will get the desired results. In this regard, it
can be said that with an aim to perform the same the scientist will need to perform lots much
research and thus it is due to the presence of given aspect only it is very much expensive in
nature. In addition to this, the companies that also produces hybrid seeds tend to invest lots of
money in the research and development type of activities. On the other hand, the whole process
is very time-consuming in nature also. Here, a person cannot stop after inventing one hybrid
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