Analyzing Hypertension and Obesity: A Case Study of Paul's Lifestyle

This case study examines Paul, a 56-year-old insurance broker in London, who is dealing with hypertension and obesity. The report discusses Paul's background, including his adoption, career, and family life, highlighting the stressors contributing to his health issues. It addresses the stereotype...Read More

ESSAY PAPER

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Background information..............................................................................................................3
Stereotyping of the chosen group................................................................................................4
The Impact of Stereotyping.........................................................................................................5
Strategies to promote inclusivity.................................................................................................6
Reflection.....................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Stereotyping is fixed ideas that many people have pertaining to specific thing or group of
individuals that may be true or may be partly true. The patient named Paul belongs to the age and
living environment group as its health and well-being is affected because of increasing age and
more work pressure in the organisation. Hypertension, Obesity are two main health problems
that are face by Paul due to numerous situation such as environment, age and other (Kjeldsen
2018). This report discuss about the case study about the Paul has happy childhood, that has took
job of local insurance company at the age of 16. Furthermore, it has provided opportunity and
transferred to London. So, it has included key information related to community from which
patient belong, stereotyping of the chosen group, impact of stereotyping and strategies to
promote inclusivity. Moreover, report also present reflection on self-awareness and resilience
that include own value and belief pertaining to the people, the way other needs to be treated.
Background information
In the case study, Paul is suffering from hypertension that is high or raised blood
pressure, or condition in which blood vessels have persistently raised pressure. The main factors
that have lead in causing hypertension is stressful job and in effective lifestyles. Likewise, as per
the 2017, there are around 11.8 million adults aged 16 years or older in England that are facing
hypertension i.,e around 14.4 million people have high blood pressure. Along with it,
hypertension is major risk factor for resulting in stroke, kidney and heart diseases. It is also
suffering from obesity or overweight with increase in stress, number of tasks that needs to be
performed in the workplace (Schiffrin and et.al., 2020). In addition to this, the health survey for
England 2019, has estimated that there area around 28% of adults that are suffering from obesity.
For example, men were more over weight as compared to women in United Kingdom. It was
also identified that client has been suffering from the risk of some chronic conditions, so if it has
not take steps to improve its physical lifestyle then it may also die because of stroke. Around 15
million people are being suffering from long term chronical condition that are more prevalent in
older people. Overweight/obesity, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and raised blood pressure
are various risk factor that lead in develop chronical health issue in individual (Cardoso, Reis and
Manzanares-Céspedes, 2018).

Stereotyping of the chosen group
Stereotyping can be defined as any though widely adapted by specific type of individuals
or particular group of people. The patient belongs to group of living environments as it has been
adapted by Bernard and Daphne and at early age of 16 it has joined a particular job. At the same
time, the place at which Paul work is much stressful that lead in creating health problem such as
hypertension and overweight (GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators, 2017). Moreover, the lifestyle
of Pual was not healthy so it know the chances of stroke is high because of ineffective intake of
nutritional food and better lifestyles. Likewise, the stereotyping belief that with age group,
maximum number of people residing in United Kingdom suffering from chronical diseases.
Furthermore, it has helped in understanding that increase work pressure results in causing
increasing chances of hypertensions and obesity. As due to work load, the individuals is not able
to take proper sleep and rest that is necessary for good and healthy lifestyle (Anderson and
Durstine, 2019). The environment at which individual live and its lifestyles have direct impact on
health and well being of the individuals. So, proper steps need to be taken to improve the health
of person such as adding nutrition food in diet, better lifestyles and proper rest or sleep of at least
8 hours.
Stereotype belief that with increase in age, there are number of health issue from which
individuals suffer such as cancer, heart diseases, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and many more.
Less physical activities and more stress are also reason for causing harmful impact on health and
well being of the person likewise obesity. Furthermore, from the point of view of stereotyping,
food and activity, environment, stress, emotional factors, and poor sleep and genetics are main
factor that results in causes obesity & overweight across United Kingdom and worldwide (World
Health Organization, 2020). While, hypertention is mainly caused due to several reason such as
obesity, elevated blood pressure, unhealthy diets and too much alcohol. So as per the stereotype,
paul has been suffering from hypertention because of obesity, less physical activity due to more
sitting and stress while performing its respective task in the firm (Frost and et.al., 2019). The
stereotype belief that with changes in lifestyles, people are suffering more and more health issue
that is not good for their overall health and well-being. As they are not able to have good food,
lifestyles and better sleep to stay healthy and fit for longer time frame.

The Impact of Stereotyping
Stereotyping can affect on patient safety and potential vulnerability in terms of physical
and mental health, individuals’ health choice and access to healthcare. The people that are
suffering from obesity or overweight feel angry, upset and being frustrated because of their body
structure. They are worried about what may other people think and understand about themselves.
In addition to this, its further lead in losing confidence level and make people worried about their
health or being upset. So well meaning parents and friend through providing suggestion related
to what to eat and take exercise could help in improving the health and well-being of individual.
There are many people that by listening to the view of stereotyping, that comment about the size
and eating all time can lead in withdrawing the person from being eating, doing regular exercise
to stay health and fit (Dietz and Santos-Burgoa, 2020). Thus, it finally lead in causing mental
health issue, self-neglect and a feeling of being isolated. At the same time, because of fear of
blame they are not able to access the healthcare in effective manner. Likewise, in the case of
Paul it has been suffering from obesity that has lead in loss its confidence, inability to complete
the task and being frustrated that finally cause hypertension.
Likewise, there are many of the people that belief that with age people suffer a range of
health issue such as dementia, obesity and chronical diseases in the United Kingdom. Due to
improve lifestyles i.,e intake of food, proper sleep and many more. So, this belief results older
people to take more care and concerned about their health to improve their lifestyles. They think
that with age they have to face key issue such as cancer or heart attack or may be stroke. With
more wok pressure the chances of hypertension increased that only can be reduce through doing
medication and proper exercise. Thereby stereotype through suggesting method that could be
used to treat the patient from chronic diseases, obesity and other can contribute in enhancing
health and well-being of person (Conversano, 2019). Most of the people living in low- and
middle-income countries and are adults having age of 30-79 are being suffering from
hypertension because of increasing pressure at workplace and in home. In addition to this, there
are many of the people that are unaware about the problem of hypertension because there is no
warming sign or symptoms. It is belief that Chest pain, heart attack and heart failure are
complications of uncontrolled hypertension (Drummond and et.al., 2019). Therefore, all these
negative impacts have forced individuals to select a better healthcare in order to great treatment
and a good health.

Moreover, it is belief that the patient that are more prone to depression and hypertension
rate their health more poorly as compared to others. At the same time, it is noticed that patient
that are being judged by health providers are not ready to access the healthcare services.
It has been noticed that due to stress health of people is being affected and for reducing
stress meditation and exercise should be done so that they can improve their health. It is essential
to take necessary steps by Paul like focus on nutrition and do exercise to reduce stress and
anxiety. He should do exercise and consult doctor so that he can feel relaxed and comfortable.
He should not take stress because it is affecting his health and he may have other problems
which is not good.
Strategies to promote inclusivity
There are some strategies which can be used by individuals or society to help people who
are facing problem of hypertension. In the case study, Paul is in a stressful job and he is
overweight. To reduce stress or tension, individual person can interact with person who is in
tension and try to solve their problems so that they can live their life happily and did not face any
problem. Hypertension can lead to many other health issues and stress is not good for health. It is
essential to provide good environment to patients and interact with them so that their problems
can be determined and solutions can be find (Guzik and Touyz, 2017). To reduce stress and
hypertension people should do meditation and exercise. They can share their problems with
family members or friends and reduce stress. Society can ensure that more work is not given to a
person because due to more work hypertension or high blood pressure problem can arise.
Individual can take care of patient and provide them good environment where they can do
exercise and did not think about anything.
A person should live life in a health manner and did not take stress or tension because it is
affecting health of a person and other problem may arise. Paul can do exercise and meditation to
reduce tension and stress. Paul can share things with friends or relative so that he can feel
relaxed. After a age people are facing health problems and they should take proper medicines so
that other problems may not arise. Paul is aware that his lifestyle is not the healthiest, as he is in
a stressful job and he is overweight. He has recently been diagnosed with hypertension and this
is affecting health and he may have other problems which is not good for his health. He should
consult with doctor and take some necessary steps like, taking medicine, doing exercise and
meditation so that stress can be reduced (Spruill and et.al., 2019). When a person is having stress

then he may have other problems this is not good for their health. Strategies which can be
applied by an individual person to reduce stress and anxiety are, create a schedule for exercise
and meditation, write a refection journal, organise yourself, take a walk and write down things,
share problems with friends. This can help in reducing stress and Pual can live his life happily. It
is essential to take necessary steps to reduce stress because it has negative impact on health of an
individual person. For reducing stress society can organise some motivational programs so that
people can feel relaxed and comfortable.
Paul is in a stressful job and he is overweight, he should take essential steps so that health
can be improved. It is essential to make plans for improving health of patients. It is the
responsibility of nurses to take care of patients who are having problem of hypertension and
tension. Paul should take good nutrition and maintain physical exercise so that he will stay fit
and healthy. It is essential to do exercise because it help in reducing stress and anxiety. When a
person do exercise then they feel relaxed and comfortable. Paul should practice deep breathing
and contact with other people so that they can share their feeling with someone. This helps in
reducing stress and anxiety. For good health exercise and meditation are important and it helps a
person is staying fit and healthy (Liu and et.al., 2017). Paul is overweight because of stress so ,
he should focus on his health and take proper nutrition. Paul should focus on his lifestyle and
make food chart in which daily schedule of eating food should be mentioned. This helps in
reducing stress and anxiety. He should play games or do things in which Paul is having interest
so that he will not think other things and this reduce stress.
Nurses help patient in reducing stress as they are providing safe and healthy environment
to patient, proper treatment is given so that they can feel relaxed and comfortable. For managing
stress Paul should sleep properly, practice meditation, mindfulness or yoga, regulate breathing so
that they can feel relaxed. When a person is doing exercise and meditation they enjoy and this is
good for health. Nurses are having knowledge and they know how to reduce stress and anxiety of
a person. They are monitoring behaviour of a person and giving treatment accordingly so that
they can get well soon and feel relaxed (Dikalov and Dikalova, 2019). Techniques which is used
by an individual person to reduce stress and anxiety are, relaxation techniques, time management
skills, counselling or group therapy, exercise and maintaining an overall healthy lifestyle, proper
nutrition chart should be made. These are some ways which can be used to reduce stress. In
hospital, rules and regulations are made to provide good treatment to patients and improve their

health. It is essential to take care of patients and suggest them some exercise which is good for
their health.
Reflection
Reflection is a practice that would assist in making an analysis of ourselves (Tsingos-Lucas,
and et.al., 2017). While making a feeling of stereotyping views of people I felt that they are
somewhat right but at the same time it is not necessary that they hold exact and true position. As
per the changing time and situation it is not required that the person need to be stereotype. As per
my views the person need to make modification in perspective and views as per the changing
situation. In addition of this I had learned various other new aspect that how I need to deal with
such people. They had made me learn along with enabling an insight that how to make exposure
of the world with the learning and developing the analytical skill.
Yes I’m quite honest with other people views because being a common individual my
thinking and views with respect to the situation and the particular aspect would remain be same
like the others.
My opinions are critically challenged with reference to learning because through this
learning and exposure my level of knowledge regarding the people and the thinking has been
changed. I learned that how with a self and practical exposure of the situation the thinking and
stereotyping need to be changed. With this learning my opinion regarding other are challenged in
the way that now I’m able to make understand that making consideration towards the other views
would not be right. Instead of this an individual need to be made focussed towards itself. The
learning has challenged my thinking in terms of developing knowledge and skill regarding
analysis of the world and their perspective about myself.
The aspect that I need to make change is making and inculcating change in myself so that I
would be able to deal with the world in a more positive and better way rather thinking and
considering about the other and their views. I also need to make change regarding changing my
perspective and thinking towards other. This is because it is a fact that if we make wrong
thinking and judgement towards other then it will also impact us at the same way.
I had learned that how to make avoidance of the stereotype views of others. With this expose
and learning I was able to analyse that an individual need to be self-focussed rather than
considering and taking tension of the stereotype views of other that what they feel about you. I
had learned that in need to make focus towards my qualities and skill rather than bothering about

the other people views and perspective about me. I had also learned that I need to being
connected with other along with making an establishment of effective communication with other
so that the aspect of misunderstanding will not be developed. In the same way I had gained the
enough knowledge that would lead to assist me in dealing with the people of stereotype
behaviour.
In order to develop resilience, the skill that in need to develop would include the
development of self-confidence, choose my response, setting some of goal for myself and
various other, with the persistence of these skills I would be able to make cope with the
resilience in an easy way. This is because if I would not bother about the other views with the
aspect of self-confidence then it would be easy for me to build resilience. I also need to develop
the mechanism that rather thinking about the negative aspect and impact of any event I need to
be make learning from it in a positive manner so that it will prepare me for the future fights and
events.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it can be concluded that, hypertension and stress affect health of
an individual person and other health issues may arise. It is essential to provide good treatment to
patients so that they can recover and feel comfortable. Stereotyping and common stereotyping
behaviour society has towards the patient and client group has been discussed. Further, impact of
stereotyping which includes, patient safety and potential vulnerability by considering how
stereotyping impact patient’s physical and mental health has been described. Strategies to
promote inclusivity includes, how individual can reduce stress by taking necessary steps such as,
exercise and meditation, take a walk etc. has been described. Further, reflection on self
awareness and resilience has been discussed. It is essential to reduce stress and anxiety.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Schiffrin, E. L and et.al., 2020. Hypertension and COVID-19.
Drummond, G.R and et.al., 2019. Immune mechanisms of hypertension. Nature Reviews
Immunology, 19(8). pp.517-532.
Frost, A and et.al., 2019. Diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. European Respiratory
Journal, 53(1).
Kjeldsen, S. E., 2018. Hypertension and cardiovascular risk: general aspects. Pharmacological
research, 129. pp.95-99.
Cardoso, E. M., Reis, C. and Manzanares-Céspedes, M .C., 2018. Chronic periodontitis,
inflammatory cytokines, and interrelationship with other chronic diseases. Postgraduate
medicine, 130(1). pp.98-104.
Anderson, E. and Durstine, J. L., 2019. Physical activity, exercise, and chronic diseases: A brief
review. Sports Medicine and Health Science, 1(1). pp.3-10.
Conversano, C., 2019. Common psychological factors in chronic diseases. Frontiers in
Psychology, 10. p.2727.
Dietz, W. and Santos-Burgoa, C., 2020. Obesity and its implications for COVID-19
mortality. Obesity (Silver Spring), 28(6). p.1005.
World Health Organization, 2020. Overweight and obesity.
GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators, 2017. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195
countries over 25 years. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(1). pp.13-27.
Tsingos-Lucas, and et.al., 2017. Using reflective writing as a predictor of academic success in
different assessment formats. American journal of pharmaceutical education. 81(1).
Guzik, T. J. and Touyz, R. M., 2017. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular aging in
hypertension. Hypertension. 70(4). pp.660-667.
1

Spruill, T. M., and et.al., 2019. Association between high perceived stress over time and incident
hypertension in black adults: findings from the Jackson heart study. Journal of the
American Heart Association. 8(21). p.e012139.
Liu, M. Y., and et.al., 2017. Association between psychosocial stress and hypertension: a
systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurological research. 39(6). pp.573-580.
Dikalov, S. I. and Dikalova, A. E., 2019. Crosstalk between mitochondrial hyperacetylation and
oxidative stress in vascular dysfunction and hypertension. Antioxidants & redox
signalling. 31(10). pp.710-721.
2