Hypodontia: A Review of Etiology, Genetics, and Environmental Factors

This presentation provides an update on the etiology of hypodontia, also known as congenitally missing teeth (CMT) or tooth agenesis, a common craniofacial anomaly. The presentation reviews the various issues associated with hypodontia, such as malocclusion and inadequate alveolar bone growth. It explores the genetic and environmental factors contributing to the condition, with a focus on the significant role of genetics. The presentation highlights the clinical challenges hypodontia poses for orthodontists and emphasizes the importance of identifying the underlying factors for early prediction, prevention, and treatment strategies. It includes a systematic review of relevant literature, discussing various theories, including the evolutional and anatomical perspectives, and the paradigm shift towards understanding the complex interplay between genetics and environmental factors. The presentation also touches upon the role of environmental factors, such as trauma and infection, in increasing the risk of craniofacial anomalies and concludes that current research indicates that both genetic control and environmental factors are involved in the etiology, with genetic factors playing a dominant role.