Case Study on Hypoparathyroidism: Annie's Diagnosis and Treatment

This case study presents a 75-year-old woman named Annie, who presents with symptoms including weight gain, fatigue, memory loss, slow speech, dry skin, constipation, and cold intolerance. Physical examination and laboratory studies reveal that Annie is suffering from hypoparathyroidism, a condition caused by deficient parathyroid hormone secretion. The case study delves into the potential causes of this condition, including injury to the parathyroid glands, autoimmune diseases, hereditary factors, low magnesium levels, and radiation treatments. The document includes references to support the diagnosis and the discussed factors. This case study provides an in-depth analysis of the patient's symptoms, diagnostic process, and potential causes of hypoparathyroidism.

Case study
In this case study, Annie is the 75-year-old women presented with complaints of increased
weight gain of about 20pounds in a year (Amouzougan et al. 2012). She is also suffering
from fatigue, slight memory loss, slow speech, dry skin, constipation and cold intolerance.
Physical examination and laboratory study aids in finding the cause for the clinical issues.
The physical examination and laboratory investigations confirm that Annie is suffering from
Hypoparathyroidism (Chakrabarty 2013). The cause for the hypoparathyroidism is the
decreased or deficient secretion of the parathyroid hormone. Various factors can impact the
normal secretion of parathyroid hormone, which includes injury to the parathyroid hormone
or surgical removal of the parathyroid glands. Autoimmune diseases, hereditary
hypoparathyroidism, low magnesium levels in the body and certain radiation treatments
implemented for cancer (Bilezikian et al.2011).
Neck surgery done for the treatment of certain cancer types can impact the normal secretion
of parathyroid hormone. Accidental neck damage or surgical removal of the parathyroid
glands is the most common cause of the development of hypoparathyroidism (Abate, &
Clarke, 2017). Certain auto-immune diseases can assume that the parathyroid glands as
foreign objects and acts against the glands. The process can affect the normal secretion of the
parathyroid hormone (Al-Azem, & Khan, 2012). Hereditary plays a vital role in causing
hypoparathyroidism. Hereditary can result in the birth of a baby without para-thyroid glands
or malfunction of the parathyroid glands leads to decreased secretion of the hormone. Normal
secretion of the parathyroid hormone can be maintained by the magnesium. Low magnesium
levels in the body can impact the secretion of parathyroid hormone (Garrahy, Murphy, &
Sheahan, 2016). Patients undergoing radiation therapy for cancer in face or neck are prone to
hypoparathyroidism. Radiation can damage the parathyroid glands which may impact the
hormone secretion (Clarke et al.2016).

References
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Clarke, B. L., Brown, E. M., Collins, M. T., Jüppner, H., Lakatos, P., Levine, M. A., ... &
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