Report on Interstitial Cystitis: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment

This report provides a comprehensive overview of Interstitial Cystitis (IC), also known as painful bladder syndrome, a chronic condition characterized by bladder pain and increased urinary frequency. It details the physiological imbalances that cause the frequent urge to urinate, even when the bladder is not full, and notes the higher prevalence of this condition among women. The report outlines laboratory tests used for IC detection, including urine sample tests to identify urinary tract infections and biopsies to rule out bladder cancer. Furthermore, it discusses various treatment options, such as physical therapy, oral medications like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, and pentosan polysulfate sodium, as well as nerve stimulation techniques like Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS). The report concludes by mentioning referral doctors like urologists and gynecologists, emphasizing the importance of personalized treatment plans developed through active conversation between the patient and healthcare physician. Desklib provides this and other solved assignments for students.

Running head: INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS
Interstitial Cystitis
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Interstitial cystitis (IC) or painful bladder syndrome is a chronic condition, which
cause immense pain in urinary bladder via increasing the bladder pressure. The level of pain
ranges from mild to severe discomfort and at times chronicity of the pain extends up to the
pelvic. Under normal condition, when the urinary bladder is full, signal is transmitted from
the bladder through the pelvic nerves to the brain, creating an urge to urinate. However,
during IC, there occurs an imbalance in the signal transmission thus creating frequent urge to
urinate even when the urinary bladder is not full. This condition is more common among
women and has a long-lasting impact on quality of life (Hanno et al., 2015).
Laboratory test used for the detection of IC
1. Urine sample test
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a cause of IC and hence any signs of UTI, which is causing
IC, can be detected via urine culture. If the urine culture test detects presence of bacteria then
the test is positive for UTI.
2. Biopsy
Bladder cancer can be a cause of IC. Biopsy of the bladder or urethra helps in the detection of
bladder cancer and thereby assisting to elucidate the reason behind the bladder pain.
Treatment for IC
1. Physical therapy: Mild to moderate physical exercise like stretching and working in order
to relieve pelvic pain
2. Oral medication
 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
 Tricyclc antdepressants

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 Antihistamines
 Pentosan polysulfate sodium
(O’Hare et al., 2013)
3. Nerve stimulation
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS): Helps to reduce the urinary frequency
via reducing the pelvic pain through transmitting electrical pulses. TENs also help to increase
the flow of blood into the bladder and thereby strengthening muscles that help to control and
co-ordinate the bladder functions.
However, the most effective approach for a particular patient is best determined via
active conversation with the healthcare physician and the patient (Hanno et al., 2015).
Referral doctors
 Urologist: specialized in bladder disease
 Gynecologist and urogynecologists (especially for women)
(Hanno et al., 2015)

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References
Hanno, P. M., Erickson, D., Moldwin, R., & Faraday, M. M. (2015). Diagnosis and treatment
of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: AUA guideline amendment. The Journal
of urology, 193(5), 1545-1553.
O’Hare, P. G., Hoffmann, A. R., Allen, P., Gordon, B., Salin, L., & Whitmore, K. (2013).
Interstitial cystitis patients’ use and rating of complementary and alternative medicine
therapies. International urogynecology journal, 24(6), 977-982.

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