Assessing Immigrant Health: A Literature Review on Dietary Plans

This assignment presents a literature review and analysis focused on the health of immigrants in Australia, specifically examining the influence of dietary plans, particularly those proposed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The review explores the research question of how CSIRO's dietary plans affect the health of immigrants, considering cultural gaps in dietary approaches. The assignment includes an analysis of five relevant articles, with a detailed examination of one article by Ridoutt et al. (2016). This analysis identifies dependent, independent, and influencing variables, such as the need for protein, government-proposed weight loss diets, and the price structure of food, and the impact of human rights and cultural gaps. Ethical issues, including cultural understanding and knowledge gaps, are also addressed. Furthermore, the assignment analyzes two additional articles, identifying hypotheses, research methods, operational definitions, variable types, validity considerations, and sampling procedures. Finally, the assignment suggests appropriate research methods and designs for further research based on the analyzed articles and research questions. The research highlights the importance of understanding cultural differences and financial disparities when creating dietary plans for immigrants in Australia.

Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW AND LITERATURE ANALYSIS
LITERATURE REVIEW AND LITERATURE ANALYSIS
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

1LITERATURE REVIEW AND LITERATURE ANALYSIS
Activity One:
Research Topic:
In the present literature review, the current health status of the country Australia,
among the immigrant population of the country has been discussed. The Commonwealth
Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), has provided a low carb diet plan,
which rightly addresses the refined carbs gained by pasta, bread and potatoes. However, the
dietary plan does not include the entire population of the country. Since the country is much
diversified, as it includes a population, culminating people, around the world, it is observed
that there is a cultural gap in the dietary plans, which has been first approached by CSIRO,
with an approach of redressing the situation. In the following research analysis, the literature
related this aspect will be analysed.
Research Question:
How does the dietary plan provided by CSIRO, affect the health of the immigrants of the
country?
Five Relevant Articles:
Popovic-Lipovac, A., & Strasser, B. (2015). A review on changes in food habits among
immigrant women and implications for health. Journal of immigrant and minority
health, 17(2), 582-590.
Renzaho, A., Polonsky, M., Mellor, D., & Cyril, S. (2016). Addressing migration-related
social and health inequalities in Australia: call for research funding priorities to recognise the
needs of migrant populations. Australian Health Review, 40(1), 3-10.

2LITERATURE REVIEW AND LITERATURE ANALYSIS
Ridoutt, B., Baird, D., Bastiaans, K., Hendrie, G., Riley, M., Sanguansri, P., ... & Noakes, M.
(2016). Changes in food intake in Australia: Comparing the 1995 and 2011 National
Nutrition Survey Results disaggregated into basic foods. Foods, 5(2), 40.
Terragni, L., Garnweidner, L. M., Pettersen, K. S., & Mosdøl, A. (2014). Migration as a
turning point in food habits: the early phase of dietary acculturation among women from
South Asian, African, and Middle Eastern Countries living in Norway. Ecology of food and
nutrition, 53(3), 273-291.
Wahlqvist, M. L. (2002). Asian migration to Australia: food and health consequences. Asia
Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 11, S562-S568.
Chosen Research Article:
Ridoutt, B., Baird, D., Bastiaans, K., Hendrie, G., Riley, M., Sanguansri, P., ... & Noakes, M.
(2016). Changes in food intake in Australia: Comparing the 1995 and 2011 National
Nutrition Survey Results disaggregated into basic foods. Foods, 5(2), 40.
Dependant Cognitive Outcomes:
Aim of the research: To develop an understanding of whether the weight loss diets, could
fulfil the need for protein among all the people of the country and has included the CSIRO
guidelines, to discuss about the health of the immigrants of the country (Ridoutt et al., 2016).
Dependent variable- the need for protein among the people of the country.
Independent variable- the research is the weight loss diets proposed by the government of the
country.
Influencing variable:
o The price structure of the food of the country as the, affecting the dietary plans and
the food habit of the immigrant population of the country. He stated that the price

3LITERATURE REVIEW AND LITERATURE ANALYSIS
structure of the products included in the dietary plan, are not affordable for everybody
to include. Given the financial disparity within the country, has made it more
empirical, that not all the population of the country include such a plan. This is cost
effective and this financial disparity within the countries mostly seen among the
immigrants.
o Another influencing variable is the disparity in the human rights. Since the
immigrants are new in the country, and do not own or enjoy even the basic human
rights, and they are deprived of all the opportunities and there is a wage difference
among the immigrant and the native or the people of Australia, which influences the
pattern of food consumption of the immigrant population.
o Another is the cultural gap, therefore many people find it difficult to get accustomed
with the food habits proposed by the organization, and find it very difficult to follow
the plan. These are the CSIRO guidelines which the food department of the
government of the country must include in order to improve the health of the
immigrants.
Ethical Issues:
The considered research is a case study and it essentially includes secondary data
analysis method. Therefore, the ethical issues are,
 The probability of lacking knowledge regarding the previous food culture of the
immigrants.
 Understanding the impact of the different food culture of the country upon the
immigrants and the physical structure and need of the same.
 Lack of knowledge of the policy drafters regarding the nutritional values of the food
and the requirement of the same for the immigrants.

4LITERATURE REVIEW AND LITERATURE ANALYSIS
Activity Two:
Literature Analysis:
Reference One Delavari, M., Farrelly, A., Renzaho, A., Mellor, D., &
Swinburn, B. (2013). Experiences of migration and the
determinants of obesity among recent Iranian immigrants
in Victoria, Australia. Ethnicity & health, 18(1), 66-82.
Hypothesis H0: the dietary plan provided by CSIRO does not affect the
health of the immigrants of the country.
H1: the dietary plan provided by CSIRO does affects the
health of the immigrants of the country.
Aim The aim of the research was to determine the factors that
affect the eating habits of the Iranian immigrants in Australia.
It also aims to define the relation between obesity and
migration has deemed to be analysed.
Research Method and
Design
A quantitative research, as it deals with data from the census.
Also, includes a qualitative approach as it describes the
related concepts.
Operational Definition The definitions, have been developed, according to the
CSIRO criteria.
Independent variable
Dependant variable
The age of the consumers.
The eating habit that they include.
Influencing variables The differences in the food habit.
The changes of the weather.
The differences in the body structure.
Internal Validity A good number of data were available.
80% of the data were responsive.
No biasness was involved.
External Validity The immigrant data was so diversified that a generalizability
approach in the data analysis was included.
Sampling National data have been included from the demographic data
archive.
Inclusion Criteria The chosen sample had all been recent and former Iranian
immigrants of Australia.

5LITERATURE REVIEW AND LITERATURE ANALYSIS
Reference Two Popovic-Lipovac, A., & Strasser, B. (2015). A review on
changes in food habits among immigrant women and
implications for health. Journal of immigrant and minority
health, 17(2), 582-590.
Hypothesis H0: the dietary plan provided by CSIRO does not affect the
health of the immigrants of the country.
H1: the dietary plan provided by CSIRO does affects the
health of the immigrants of the country.
Aim The aim was to understand the food habits of the immigrant
women of the country and to gain a knowledge regarding the
health status of the same.
Research Method and
Design
A survey was involved and data were analysed with a
quantitative approach, hence had a quantitative approach.
Operational Definition The concepts, been defined, following the CSIRO criteria.
Dependant Variable
Independent Variable
Regulatory changes.
Changes in the food habits among the women.
Influencing Variables The limits in the food choices.
The differences in the food choices.
Internal Validity Only 60% of the respondents were responsive.
The requirements of the women health were not properly
researched.
External Validity Most of the women lacked the understanding and importance
of the dietary plans.
Sampling A data of 250 immigrants were included.
Inclusion Factor The data were collected upon the immigrant women across
the country, who had been migrated to the land at various
points of time.
Research Methods and Designs for Further Research:
 A mixed method approach can be included for further research. As it will provide a
comprehensive understanding.
 An exploratory research design should be included which will address the above
mentioned research question.

6LITERATURE REVIEW AND LITERATURE ANALYSIS
References:
Delavari, M., Farrelly, A., Renzaho, A., Mellor, D., & Swinburn, B. (2013). Experiences of
migration and the determinants of obesity among recent Iranian immigrants in
Victoria, Australia. Ethnicity & health, 18(1), 66-82.
Popovic-Lipovac, A., & Strasser, B. (2015). A review on changes in food habits among
immigrant women and implications for health. Journal of immigrant and minority
health, 17(2), 582-590.
Renzaho, A., Polonsky, M., Mellor, D., & Cyril, S. (2016). Addressing migration-related
social and health inequalities in Australia: call for research funding priorities to
recognise the needs of migrant populations. Australian Health Review, 40(1), 3-10.

7LITERATURE REVIEW AND LITERATURE ANALYSIS
Ridoutt, B., Baird, D., Bastiaans, K., Hendrie, G., Riley, M., Sanguansri, P., ... & Noakes, M.
(2016). Changes in food intake in Australia: Comparing the 1995 and 2011 National
Nutrition Survey Results disaggregated into basic foods. Foods, 5(2), 40.
Terragni, L., Garnweidner, L. M., Pettersen, K. S., & Mosdøl, A. (2014). Migration as a
turning point in food habits: the early phase of dietary acculturation among women
from South Asian, African, and Middle Eastern Countries living in Norway. Ecology
of food and nutrition, 53(3), 273-291.
Wahlqvist, M. L. (2002). Asian migration to Australia: food and health consequences. Asia
Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 11, S562-S568.