Immigration: Analysis of Economic, Social, and Political Effects

This report delves into the multifaceted impacts of immigration on developed countries, examining its economic, social, and political effects. It begins by defining immigration and outlining the driving forces behind it, such as employment, education, and political instability. The report categorizes different types of immigration, including economic migrants, refugees, and those seeking family reunification. It then analyzes the positive and negative economic consequences, such as contributions to the labor force, innovation, and tax revenue, as well as challenges like increased competition for jobs, strain on resources, and potential for illegal activities. Social and cultural impacts are also explored, including issues related to multiculturalism, language barriers, and integration. The report discusses the role of government policies, regulations, and the challenges faced by both immigrants and local populations. It concludes by highlighting the importance of effective immigration management, security measures, and policies that promote integration and address the diverse needs of immigrants and host communities. The report emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that recognizes the contributions of immigrants while addressing potential challenges.

IMMIGRATION

Table of Contents
IMMIGRATION..............................................................................................................................1
IMMIGRATION..............................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

IMMIGRATION
Millions of immigrants movement is compelling issues and debate in the developed
countries. Immigration can be described as the action of being permanent member of some other
country and getting citizenship over there. According to historic references, immigration started
due to trading purpose. But due to globalization, urbanization and improved technology, huge
population get settled in the specific country where they can fulfil their desires or it can be other
reasons as well. Driving forces for movement of people are employment, education, culture,
lifestyle, war crisis, unavailability of resources, natural disasters and better future. Due to these
reasons, there is high impact on economy, social, culture, health and political society which can
be in terms of overcrowding and illegal trafficking. Increase in the dollar rates as compared to
other countries and high quality lifestyle can make this type of movement at a large scale.
Developed countries like U.K. and U.S.A. are facing these problems in large amount.
USA has the largest number of migrants from other countries. According to a survey, on an
average, more than 224 million people who chose USA and travelled there as legal migrants,
immigrants in the year 2015; over 12-14 million are illegal immigrants moved in U.S. and this
number keeps increasing per year (William, 2015). Immigration can be understood more clearly
if it is categorized. There can be many categories and some are discussed as below:
1. Movement in order to earn more. This may include skilled workers, business person and
those who want to fulfil their daily needs. This category contribute to the economy of
country. This may include negative segment also like illegal trafficking of humans, drugs
and other precious things.
2. Refugees escaped from wars, natural calamities and resources unavailability these people
move to other places to resettle. These are uneven conditions and if they arise, then
government and other sponsors of other places/countries may also support them.
3. Sometimes, people mitigate due to family issues. If the person who is earning has moved
to different place then there may be chances that his family will also shift there or related
such issues.
4. Another reason can be; due to education purpose, many students travel to better places in
order to receive higher and better education.
As per economic and development consideration, immigration can be positive or it can be
negative as well. Some people travel legally which contribute to the economy and global

exchange in the form of taxes. This contribution can be availed by both the countries. Skilled
people travelling to such nations can innovate new technology and offer services. Students
choose higher education from such countries in order to learn deeply and do research. This also
promotes new aspects of earning as providing services will also be the part of someone's income.
Other benefits like new sectors can be created for business purpose and for the immigrant’s
issues. Enhanced cultural can also create new opportunities to many people leaving in that
countries. Also, students who are getting knowledge in those places can contribute to their own
country by offering jobs and opportunities . Other follow illegal ways which can be harmful and
hazardous to economy, people and country. This can increase the terrorism and illegal activities
like trafficking are major issues (Tanyamat, 2013). It contributes to increase in the population
and pollution. Resources utilization at these places also increase as infrastructure development
will be required. Even people start working at low salary which affects services and job offers to
the local people. Not only to people, immigrants also affect the environment and economy at
some point. For there re-establishment and fulfilment of other demands like food and clothes can
increase the resources utilization. This can affect the economically and environmentally. Some
countries are affected due to immigration as their population gets decreased. Immigrants are not
easily accepted by the locals and there can be cases like bullying, torturing and abuse. These
things are very common in the developed countries.
There are many rules, regulations and polices made by government in order to allow the
person to enter in a country. Some people due to their illegal activities are banned by the nations
to get entered. For travelling to other country, visa is required. For availing the citizenship in any
nation, government has to set some prices and rules which can allow the person to there. Local
people may face problems in understanding immigrants as they may have other languages,
culture and religion. Similarly, immigrants also experience alike problems which can further
include basic needs like food, shelter and clothes. Such types of issues are faced every year. In
US, there exists multiculturalism which is the primary problem. Immigrant’s culture and lifestyle
affect the people leaving in that area (Terence, 2014) . Both the societies face problem in
accepting each other’s culture and lifestyle. Second comes language issue which is the most
common. There are around 200 different languages spoken in US. In order to understand and
translate the language also, translator is required. People from different nations travel to U.S.
with having different nationalities. They approach to developed countries for grasping

opportunities in existing business and getting better lifestyle. As they come for having job
opportunities, they compromise to do work with less incentives or salaries.
Their can be great impact on the US economy as this brings unemployment. As migrants will not
be able to achieve the job opportunities offered to immigrants. Mostly immigrants are the
students which are in need of jobs (Faridul and Saleheen, 2015). Labour force is increased and
there is increase in the potential of economic output capacity. There is subsequent rise in the
GDP level and aggregate level. If for the one segment there is need of labour then there are
chances where they labour demands will be more. This leads to increase the GDP sector which
leads to increase the economy. This creates great impact on the GDP per capita as it is less than
average GDP. It means that people who are becoming rich are increasing there profit ratio. Job
opportunities offered are in different sectors and different places. To fulfil this job requirement
companies offer incentives to the person where they can get more jobs and are work under less
money. They demands can be filled by the workers who are semi skilled. Semi skilled person
will not ask for increased in the payment for the extra works. More the people of working age
less is the money spend on the retired person. This increases the dependency ratio of the
countries. Impact on the related sector. Due to higher education and long term immigrants
methods students can be main employee at most of the sectors. Their contribution to education
sector as well as business sector will increase their domestic values. Social issues, due to
immigration of large number of people is affect the population of the country. Increase in social
issue can comprise of the increase in the population at particular areas. Thus this also affect the
per capita income of the people. This can be understood by taking illustration like income source
of the resident is low and for the person who has been hired from other countries have high
income source then there would be higher GDP rate but the per capita income would be less.
This affect the actual resident of the country. Economic scale increases as there is rise in the
population of particular area. This will affect the environment segment of the country but the tax
and revenue collected by the company will be higher. Welfare benefits for the immigrant are
offered by the large companies. They are provided with the extra benefits and housing facility.
But for the small companies there can be certain problems as they cannot offer such incentives.
According to research, unemployment is there but due to updated technology and
innovation there are more employment opportunities. People having more skills will hire people
so that they can develop his business (Corrado and et.al., 2013). It can be problem to those who

have low skills as they would be ready to work under low rate which can affect the local
customer. This affect the wages system and the salary system of the organisation. Organisation
will chose those people who work for then in less wages. But local will consider the amount
which is stated by the government. For getting high wages some of the immigrants does engulf
in illegal activities. This affect there life and such people are banned from the countries. Their is
chances that due to such travelling skills and qualification can be exchanged. Foreign exchange
in terms of knowledge and other is also increasing. This will leads to supportive development of
both the countries.
Those immigrants who are affected by the wars and natural calamities are also affecting
the economy. For these people government needs to pay for the food, health, education and other
welfare. This decrease the economy of the country as there is no contribution from such peoples.
Some companies in order to increase profit hires the illegal immigrants. Such companies should
be banned by the government. It's a fact 'While being in air craft or air plane if child is born then
by rules of U.S. government that child is adopted as citizen of U.S.'. Immigrating of large group
of people to developed country can also cause unemployment. Their can be or can't be overall
contribution to the country. This segment is largely based on the government policies but local
people are mostly affected through it (April, 2010). Due to recession period there are chances
that immigrants have to lose there jobs. The preferences are given to the local people. If in case
chances are offered to the immigrants then organisation pay would be decreased or they need to
do extra work to remain in the organization.
Government should make policies in order to improve security against the illegal entry of
immigrants and also to those who welcome such peoples. Also new methods need to be adopted
as there are many problems faced by the immigrants and the local people. Even limitation can be
applied to immigrants if they are coming in excess. Citizenship offered to the immigrants should
be done in proper ways and all the policies and rules should be followed. Many a times militants
are required in order to stop the trespassing of such people to the countries. Sometimes bulling
the immigrants and abusing them related such cases also arises but local should stop this
indulgence as all the immigrants are not criminals. They should understand, even if they find
such cases they should inform to the local police and report should be made against them. Also
while allowing someone to be resident or while giving the citizenship country should ask for the
behaviour and character certificates and their complete details (Kent, Christopher, 2013). A full

interrogation about the person should be their so that no such issues are created later. Applying
such little steps can help the country to gain more in terms of all aspects. New and improved
rules for safety should be adopted while allowing the person to enter the country.
This builds the relationship between different countries. Even at the time of crises and
natural calamities there is help provided by the other countries. Even there are some political
parties and other developmental members who require the immigrants in order to avail their
contribution to the countries. Many immigrants have contributed their success in the other
countries. Children gaining the education and other employee also help to contribute to the the
economy as well as the domestic growth income of the overall countries. This contribution made
by the immigrants should be considered by the other countries. They can be more productive
then the others as there need requirement. For people who wants to enjoy the luxury and
standards will also contribute by giving more employment to the locals. Government should
always perform their task in order to avoid illegal immigrants and improvise in legal immigrants.

REFERENCES
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Faridul ,I. and Saleheen, K., 2015. "The long run impact of immigration on labor market in an
advanced economy: Evidence from US data", Vol. 42 4. pp. 356 – 367
Corrado, G. and et.al., 2013. "Unemployment benefits and immigration: evidence from the EU",
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