Immunology Report: Innate and T-cell Mediated Immunity to Coronavirus

This immunology report delves into the intricate immune responses to coronavirus, focusing on the innate and T-cell mediated immunity. It explains the role of the innate immune system, including pattern recognition receptors like RIG-I like, NOD like, and Toll like receptors, in detecting and responding to viral infections. The report also details the function of T-cell mediated immunity in eliminating infected cells and intracellular pathogens, particularly in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by coronavirus. Furthermore, it explores how the non-specific and specific arms of the immune system cooperate to mount an effective defense, highlighting the barriers of the innate immune system and the adaptive immune response involving antibodies and lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). The report references key studies to support the presented information.

Immunology

Table of Contents
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Explanation of innate and T-cell mediated immune responses to a novel corona virus........1
How non-specific and specific arms of the immune system cooperate to effect an immune
response..................................................................................................................................1
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................2

MAIN BODY
Explanation of innate and T-cell mediated immune responses to a novel corona virus
In the context of corona virus, it can be said that it is a severe respiratory syndrome which
is giving biological threats to humans. Innate immune system is playing an important role in this
as jut detects viral infections by making an effective use of pattern recognition receptors. These
receptors identify pathogen associated molecular patterns. These pattern recognition receptors
also include several other receptors such as: RIG_I like, NOD like, Toll like receptor etc. So, it
can be said that this innate immune system has ability to have all chemical, physical and cellular
defences against pathogens (Zheng and Perlman, 2018). One of the main aim of this systems is to
protect the spread as well as movement of dangerous foreign pathogens via the body.
On the other hand, cell mediated immune responses consists of damages of infected cells
of human body by cytotoxic T-cells or damages of intracellular pathogens. One of the main
purpose of T-cell mediated immunity is to promote damages of microbes which resides in
phagocytes or completely kill to infected cells in order to remove reservoirs of infection. Severe
corona virus mainly affects respiratory system in human and animals. In the context of this
disease, it can be said that when human and animals got affected with corona virus and when
they are tested acute phase of SARS than there is a severe reduction of T-cells numbers in blood
occur. It is one of the main factors which make humans become weak. Engagement of DLN and
rDC antigens in the form of MHC complex to native circulating T-cells (Mosaddeghi and et.al.,
2020).
How non-specific and specific arms of the immune system cooperate to effect an immune
response
There are 2 types of arms and immunes system specific and non specific Non specific
immune system or defence system is the one with which people born. One of the main purpose
of these types of systems is to protect people against all antigens. Innate immunity is an example
of non-specific immune system which consists of some barriers which keep harmful agents from
entering in human body. These systems help people in getting them infected. Infection occurs
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when bacteria, virus and other type of microbes enter in human body and start to multiply and at
that time as per the capacity non-specific systems stop them to multiply (Netea and et.al., 2020.).
In addition, there is other type of immune system which is known as specific or adaptive.
This type of immune response and system use hum oral and cell mediated immunity in order to
protect people and perform all functions. In the context of adaptive immune response it can be
said that its main functions is to destroy invading pathogens and other types of harmful
molecules by which people get infected. Such type of specific systems involve antibodies and
lymphocytes which is known as cell mediated response (De Bree and et.al., 2018). Lymphocytes
types of cell and systems include: B cells and T cells. These are derived from bone marrow.
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REFERENCES
Books & Journal
Zheng, J. and Perlman, S., 2018. Immune responses in influenza A virus and human coronavirus
infections: an ongoing battle between the virus and host. Current opinion in
virology. 28. pp.43-52.
Mosaddeghi, P and et.al., 2020. Therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 based on the dynamics of
interferon-mediated immune responses.
Netea, M.G. and et.al., 2020. Defining trained immunity and its role in health and disease. Nature
Reviews Immunology, pp.1-14.
De Bree, L.C.J. and et.al., 2018, October. Non-specific effects of vaccines: Current evidence and
potential implications. In Seminars in immunology (Vol. 39, pp. 35-43). Academic
Press.
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