Research Report: Impact of Bullying in Secondary Education

This report delves into the multifaceted impact of bullying within secondary education. It begins with an introduction defining bullying and outlining the research questions, aims, and objectives of the study. The report explores the environmental and psychological factors contributing to bullying, emphasizing the need for changes in school policies. Section 1 defines bullying, presents research questions, and highlights the aims and objectives of the study, including the methodology used, which is primarily based on a qualitative approach and secondary data collection. Section 2 provides a comprehensive literature review, examining various perspectives on bullying, its impact on students' academic performance and mental health, and strategies for reduction. Section 3 contains a professional debate and peer discussion on bullying. Section 4 evaluates current practices related to bullying, while Section 5 focuses on development based on findings and evaluates the benefits of changes made to practice. The report concludes with key findings, recommendations for schools, and a list of references.

Impact of bulling in
secondary education

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
SECTION 1......................................................................................................................................1
Topic: Bullying ......................................................................................................................1
Research Questions:...............................................................................................................1
Aims & Objectives:................................................................................................................1
Rational of Study:...................................................................................................................2
Methodology:.........................................................................................................................3
Importance of study:...............................................................................................................4
SECTION 2......................................................................................................................................4
Literature review: ..................................................................................................................4
SECTION 3......................................................................................................................................6
Professional Debate:...............................................................................................................6
Peer Discussion......................................................................................................................7
SECTION 4......................................................................................................................................8
Evaluation of practices over Bullying ...................................................................................8
SECTION 5......................................................................................................................................9
Development based on own findings:....................................................................................9
Evaluate the benefits of changes made to own practice:........................................................9
TASK 6..........................................................................................................................................10
Findings:...............................................................................................................................10
Conclusion............................................................................................................................10
Recommendations................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Bullying is an aggressive behaviour that is generally faced by school aged children which
are going through some real or perceived power imbalance (Bennett and Sawatzky, 2013). These
behaviours are generally repeated among students who have serious and lasting problem among
them. There are generally two factors that causes bullying in school which are environmental and
psychological factor which that need to be overcome by the educational institutions through
making changes in their existing bullying policies. The present assignment is based on the case
study about the impact of bullying in secondary education. The research project includes the
aims and objectives of research along with an appropriate research questions. The research also
includes all the aspects which is required to be consider such as data collection, data analysis,
findings, recommendation and conclusion.
SECTION 1
Topic: Bullying
Bullying is a situation when an individual or group of people intentionally causes harm or
hurt someone who is weaker in comparison to them. It is one of the major issue that generally
seen among school aged children. It affect all the student the victim, person who bully and those
who witnessed that incident. It includes physical assaults, threats, verbal, jokes, criticizing,
insulting behaviour and facial expression.
Research Questions:
What is bullying?
What are the impact of bullying in secondary education?
How bullying can be reduce from school?
Why it is important for schools to study bullying?
Aims & Objectives:
The main objective of researcher is to understand the concept of bullying, identify its impact in
secondary education, ways of reducing bullying in school and understand the
importance of study bullying.
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Rational of Study:
Bullying is an aggressive behaviour that is generally faced by school aged children which
are going through some real or perceived power imbalance. These behaviours are generally
repeated among students who have serious and lasting problem among them. This study is
conducted to determine the impact of bullying and its consequences over bully, victim and
witnesses (Cai and Richdale, 2016). Because bullying is erect in secondary school and left
negative impact over students. There are generally two factors that causes bullying in school
which are environmental and psychological factor. Another major factor which causes bullying
is background of student and their upbringing such as families which are more disciplined and
punish over some negative act performed by children. Bullying is also causes in case when
children always get permission to do whatever they want especially bad deeds these both cases
of upbringing are defective because this leads to lack of internalization of right and correct
behaviour.
Bullying left a negative impact over students which resides for longer period of time even
after the bullying has stopped. The victim of bullying may get into depression in case when
bullying continue for longer period of time. It also affect the mental health of bullied as well as
create social and academic problem in their life. This research will help in determining various
factors as well as situation which leads to bullying. Apart from this it also help in determining
the impact that students have after being a part of bullying. By determining these factors a school
will be able to eliminate the causes that lead a student to bully someone. This changes will help
in improving the environment of school which teaches students to treat everyone equally and
treat in fair manner.
Hence, by conducting this study, researcher will be able to identify the ways to minimize
the actions of bullying in future. Bullying causes various problem to victim such as depression,
loneliness, anxiety, low self-esteem and increased susceptibility to illness. So by determining the
causes behind bullying, school will be able to safe children from any negative event that may
disturb their life and career (Durlak and et. al., 2011). Apart from this they will be able to
provide a better future to students, as a happy and safe student will always be ready to learn more
and perform better. This further support school to improve their social goodwill that leads to
more admissions within their campus.
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Methodology:
Before conducting a research, it is very essential for a researcher to choose an appropriate
methodology in order to achieve proper result of study conducted. Research methodology can be
defined as an specific procedure or technique which is used to determine, select, process and
then analyse the information about selected topic (Faucher, Cassidy and Jackson, 2015). These
are generally two type of methods that can be selected by investigators for carry out research
such qualitative and quantitative.
 Qualitative:- Under this method researcher generally collect and provide detail
information about research topic. This will help in determining the underlying reason,
motivation and opinion by providing insight of a problem and then develop an hypothesis
for potential quantitative research. Current research is based on qualitative method which
support researcher to draw up a valid conclusion from study.
 Quantitative :- Under this method, researcher gather information in numerical form and
then uses statistical method or formulas to analyse this data. This support researcher to
draw up meaningful and valid conclusion out of research.
Research approach: There are various type of research approaches which can be used by
researcher in order to form a hypothesis and for executing research in an effective manner.
Mainly two type of approaches used to carry out research: Inductive research:- This approach focuses on development of new theory by researcher
and information related to main topic is gathered to collect and determine the aspects of
research.
 Deductive research:- Under this approach, research is based upon hypothesis which is
created from available data. It work toward examining the hypothesis so that research can
be conducted in an effective manner to achieve desired outcome. This research is based
on deductive approach.
Data collection:-
It is one of the most essential part of research in which data is collected by a researcher
for developing a better understanding related to main topic that support in finding out an
effective solution (Gualdo and et. al., 2015). There are two types of data collection method:
 Primary :- It is defined as the data which is collected by researcher from first hand
source through interviews, experiments and interviews.
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 Secondary:- It refer to the data which is collected from studies, survey or experiments
that are conducted by some another person or for other research. This research is
conducted by using secondary method.
Importance of study:
This research will be very beneficial as it help in determining the factor that causes or
may lead a child to bully someone. So that these factors can be eliminated in near future by
improving the school environment. Apart from this research will also suggest about various ways
that can be used to eliminate bullying that promote a healthy and safe school environment to
students.
SECTION 2
Literature review:
 To understand the concept of bullying
According to McVie, (2014), Bullying is defined as violence among peer in school which
affect the development as well as learning-teaching process in adolescents and school aged
children. This can be done in various ways i.e. it can be verbal or physical which left a mental as
well as emotional impact over victim for longer period of time. According to Gualdo and et. al.,
(2015), Bullying is an ongoing misuse of power through repeated verbal, social or physical
behaviour that causes psychological harm. There are various reason behind bullying someone is
wrong upbringing, bad deeds, environment, anger, jealousy, aggression, insensitivity.
As per the view point of Jones and Augustine, (2015), there are certain personality traits
that leads to a child to bully someone is that their thought or desire to rule over someone by all
mean, jealousy from other peer over their success and aggression. As per the view point of...
major factor that causes bullying is lack of social skill which leads to difficulty in managing
positive relation with others. This leads student to get irritated and aggressive over others even
on small things which make force them to harm other peer either verbally or physically.
 To identify the impact of bullying in secondary education
As per the view point of Scott and et. al., (2014) bullying have a huge impact over
student's performance either in long or short term as by facing these situations students may get
depressed which restrict them from being involve in activities performed in school. According to
Faucher, Cassidy and Jackson, (2015), bullying affect the student's ability to academically
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succeed. It has been found that when student feel bullying is a phenomenon in their school then
they started feeling unsafe which reflected on less involvement in school community. Hence,
they have less motivational factor which can influence them to do well at school and started
avoiding classes for keeping themselves away from being victim of bullying.
Meyer, (2015), found that bullying victim are generally shy, weak and anxious. They
state that victims' who get bullied by their peers during school period have less involvement in
school and also get poor grades. As per the view point of Durlak and et. al., (2011),
interpersonal relationship within school campus influence the academic achievements. They
found that aggression in school left a negative impact over academic achievement as when
students get physically or verbally abused they perform less.
 To determine the ways for reducing bullying in school
According to the view point of Bennett and Sawatzky, (2013), main reason behind
bullying is wrong upbringing and poor child-parent relation which make them more aggressive
and they started bullying others. So in order minimize these issues parents a stable home life and
good adult environment is very essential because these have direct impact over child's behaviour.
As per the view point of.., for minimizing the bullying from school, aggressive child and victims
must be focused and they have to give reason over their changing behaviour. But according to
Ponzo, (2013) the best way to eliminate the chance of bullying among students is by creating
equal opportunity policies. This help in creating environment where each student will get equal
chance of accessing all the activities and each one is treated in same manner by their teachers
and other.
Cai and Richdale, (2016), summarised that for preventing bullying joint efforts are
required among teachers, administrators of school, parents, policy maker and community
members. This can be done by organising bullying prevention programme, behavioural
modification theories and training. Students must be provide with counselling who are under the
risk of being involved in bullying. As per the view point of Williams and Guerra, (2011), school
and home should work collaboratively with counsellor in order to develop a good value and
behaviour among students. This will help in avoiding their feeling of being aggressive and
jealous which promote a safe environment.
 To understand the importance of study bullying.
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As per the view point of Scott and et. al., (2014), by conducting a study over bullying,
researcher will be able to explore the environmental as well as psychological factor which
encourages bullying in school. Because this will be helpful in understanding the cause of
problem, as it determining a problem is the first step toward solving it. According to …, study of
bullying will develop an understanding about why bullying happens in school that will make it
easier for parents as well as guardians to help their children from becoming the bully or victim.
SECTION 3
Professional Debate:
 Debater 1: Bullying is one of the most commonly found incidents that almost every
student faced during his/her school life in which the student who is not much strong
being attacked by another with more power either verbally or physically. Under such
incidents the bully child feels pleasure by harming someone and the reason behind this
behaviour can be their false upbringing or negative behaviour that develop due to poor
relation with parents. These situation creates depression, aggression and desire of control
other to treat in a same way as they are being treated in their life. This lead such students
to misbehave with other peers who have low power as compare to them. On the other
hand the child who became victim of this started feeling separated from their peer and
usually try to avoid being social or involved in various academic practices. They started
skipping classes and always try to identify new excuses to avoid school as well as other
class activities because they always live in a fear of being bullied again and again which
never let them step out of depression. This creates an huge impact over their present as
well as future because childhood is a phase for developing future and when a student
refuse or avoid being involve in educational practices then it became difficult from them
for developing an successful career.
 Debater 2: Bullying incidents left negative impact over the student who are being victim
in such event as they have psychological impact which sometime develop a feeling of
anxiety before deciding to perform something. But apart from this bullying not always
negatively affect the students as when a child have strong self-esteem and fearless nature
then instead of avoiding these incidents they started facing them. When these students
faced any situation of teasing or comparison they started considering it as a challenge and
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begins to work over them in order to improve themselves and making them superior then
that of bullies. This factor always motivate them to perform something more better then
before which never let them become anxious or scared of someone. On the other hand it
also left an positive impact over the students who feel pleasure to bully someone as by
coming in contact with such children they started getting involve with other and try to
maintain positive relation with them.
Peer Discussion
Bulling is said to be one of the most common expression of violence that find between
the students due of various reason such as jealousy, aggression, cruelty, desire to control others
etc. These incidents creates negative impact over the students in social as well as psychological
manner. Bullying is a major problem which affects several people such as bullies, victims,
schools, classmates, peers and community at large. Students who become victim of bullying feels
anxious among people, refuse to go to school and become unable to concentrate over its study. In
addition to this victims also suffer from emotional as well as behavioural problems for longer
period of time. In bullying situation, victims always stay in an atmosphere which creates no
room for peace and learning never take place in such environment.
Apart from this bullying also affect the bully, as there aggression may ruined their
adulthood by developing a nature of criminality, child abuse, marital violence and sexual
harassment. This may affect their future as at the time of their childhood they started bullying
peers who are studying with them as it give them pleasure. But actually it is occupying their time
that can be used in studies which they directed toward mischief. This leads to failure in
academical performance that don't left any room for learning and development which in turn
ruined their future and career. But apart from bully and victim, witnessed students also have an
impact by occurrence of such incidents.
The students who became witness of such event also remain in a fear of becoming a
victim someday. This lead them to remain away from activities that are performed in school and
being active in classrooms. They started finding the excuse to avoid classes or coming in contact
with other in order to remain safe from such incidents. This largely affect their academic
performance as when students fell unsafe in school they doesn't reflect any involvement toward
their educational as well as development process. Hence, they started feeling demotivated and
lonely as fear of bullying doesn't lead them socially interact with other. Therefore, in order to
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keep the students fearless and motivated toward learning it is very essential for school faculty
and parents to determine the reason behind changing behaviour of child. They must try to
identify the cause behind the aggressive nature of their child. Apart from this teachers should
also try to determine the bullying incidents that students are facing and causes behind them. As
this help in eliminates happening of such incidents because it creates a negative environment that
not only affect the bully and victim but also the students who are viewing such incidents.
SECTION 4
Evaluation of practices over Bullying
By conducting the research over impact of bullying in secondary education I came to
know about various strength and weakness that I poses which influence my area of research to a
large extent. One of my major strength that I have found from this research is that it was very
easier for me to determine the various factor that cause someone to being involve in such
practices. I deeply examine each factors that are found from research while searching over
internet or by interacting with student. Another strength that I determine during my research is to
convince others to openly communicate about the incidents that they are facing as well as
happening in their surroundings. This strength support me up to a great extent as this make it
easier for me to communicate with the students and finding out various factors that causes a
situation of bullying. It also help in determining the nature as well as emotions that changes the
behaviour of student which move a child toward the path of such crime.
Apart from all these strength there are certain weakness that are also determined by me
during research which are required to be improve by making changes in my practices. One of the
major weakness that is faced by me during research is that by interacting with students I found
various factors that causes bullying. But I am not able to determine what are the major factors
that must be consider as a reason behind such incidents. So this was the major weakness that I
found as I was not able to evaluate my findings properly. But in addition to this another reason
of not properly evaluate my finding is that the time which was provided for research was very
limited. Therefore in order to overcome these weaknesses I decided to being more detail oriented
in my next research. I will try to properly analyse the data and information collected from my
research. This will help me in concluding the result in more accurate and in specific manner.
Apart from this by performing deep analysis I will be able to determine various factors that may
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left while collecting data. This help me in accomplishing my objective in an most appropriate
manner.
SECTION 5
Development based on own findings:
All organisations that provides valuable services to the children and young people must
have to implement policies in order to deal with bullying and poor behaviour and it must be
communicate to everyone so that such incidents cannot be occur. The schools must by law, have
policy to prevent all forms of bullying amongst pupils as adoption of such policy support the
healthy environment which contains safety, happiness, performance and attendance of pupils. It
also required to shows the school cares and make them more clear that bullying behaviour should
not be acceptable. There are an effective anti-bullying policy act on two level: Preventive: It supports schools to raises awareness about the impact of bullying
behaviour and also creates a culture of care and consideration.
 Reactive: It directs schools to set out clear procedures and ensure that all members of
organisation are aware about such procedures involved. In addition with this, it also
required to monitor and evaluate the mechanism to ensure that such policy is consistently
applied.
There are several steps to develop a new policy or revise an existing one which includes:
 Assigning roles to a senior member of staff
 Assess organisation's needs and goals.
 Develop the anti-bullying policy and get feedbacks.
Evaluate the benefits of changes made to own practice:
Developing changes in existing bullying policy in order to prevent bullying cases in
schools and other institutions brings various advantages which are listed as under:
 It helps in maintaining good environment at schools which directly makes positive impact
on their interest and behaviour of pupils.
 It supports attitude and working behaviour of pupils due to which they give more
concentration on their work without facing any difficulties.
 It encourages victims to raise their voice against any bullying activities faced by them at
workplace which reduces the chances of such incidents in near future.
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TASK 6
Findings:
Bullying is a brutality among associate in school which influence the advancement and
learning teaching process in teenagers and school matured kids. This should be possible in
different ways i.e. it may be verbal or physical which left a psychological as well as emotional
effect over victim individual for longer time-frame. Bullying have an enormous effect over
student's performance either in long or short term and now as by confronting these circumstances
understudies may get discouraged which confine them from being include in activities performed
in school. The primary explanation for Bullying isn't right childhood and poor kid parent
connection which make them more forceful and they begun tormenting others. So in order to
limit these issues guardians should steady home life and great grown-up condition is extremely
fundamental in light of the fact that these have coordinate effect over child's behaviour.
Conclusion
From the above report it has been concluded that bullying affects the mentality of the
children which leads to depression, anxiety which restricts them in involving other activities of
school and had negative impact on victim and witnesses of bullying. The identified effects of
bullying resides for longer period of time even after the bullying has stopped. This research
analysis will help in understanding various factors and situations which results in bullying.
Environmental and psychological factor influences the bullying in the schools. Such factors
responsible for bullying can be eliminated in near future by improving the school environment
and implementing required safety rules and regulations to promote a healthy and safe school
environment to students. bullying also effects the performance of student's in long or short term.
This research suggests that joint efforts of teachers, administrators of school, parents and policy
makers can decrease the chances of bullying by raising awareness among students. By
minimizing these issues parents and children can live a stable life in a good adult environment.
This research explored the various environmental as well as psychological factor which
promotes bullying in school. Bullying incidents left negative impact over the victim which
affects the performance and sometimes this impact leads to suicides also.
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Recommendations
All associations that gives important services to the youngsters and other people must
need to execute strategies with the end goal to manage bullying behaviour and poor conduct and
it must be impart to everybody so such incidents can't be happen (Jiménez-Barbero and et. al.,
2016). The schools should by law, have arrangement to keep all types of bullying among
students as selection of such approach maximises the working environment which contains
safety, happiness, performance and attendance of pupils. It additionally required to demonstrates
the school considerations and make them all the more evident that harassing conduct ought not
be satisfactory.
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