Systematic Review: Impact of Cyprus' 2009 Smoking Ban

This report presents a systematic review of the impact of the 2009 smoking ban in Cyprus on the prevalence of smoking in the country. It begins with background information on smoking habits and health issues in Cyprus, highlighting the high smoking rates, especially among adolescents. The report outlines the aim to understand the ban's impact and sets objectives to analyze the reasons for smoking, the effects of the ban, and recommendations. A literature review explores reasons for smoking, including stress, peer pressure, and addiction, and discusses the ban's effects on various sectors. The research methodology describes the descriptive research design, qualitative strategy, and secondary data collection methods, including sampling techniques and research limitations. A project plan outlines the timeline for various stages of the research. The report concludes by summarizing the findings and implications of the smoking ban in Cyprus.

A systematic review of the impact of the 2009
Smoking ban in Cyprus on the prevalence of
smoking in the country

Table of Contents
Title .................................................................................................................................................1
Background......................................................................................................................................1
Aim..................................................................................................................................................2
Objectives........................................................................................................................................2
Research Questions..........................................................................................................................2
Literature Review ............................................................................................................................2
Research Methodology....................................................................................................................3
Project Plan......................................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

Title
The impact of 2009 smoking ban in Cyprus on the prevalence of smoking in the country
Background
Smoking has been considered as one of those habits which is responsible for numbers of
deaths all over the country. The substance behind is the tobacco which is being responsible for
causing various health problems but once a person is addicted, it is quite hard to exclude oneself
from this habit. As per reports, the overall smoking rate in Cyprus has been analysed as 31%. It
is not only about adults, even teenagers are also addicted to smoking in a huge context. Some
smoke because of mental tensions, some for dealing with complex situations and some for the
reason of peer pressure (Hyland, Barnoya and Corral, 2012). Along with death, smoking has
various other negative health effects as well which includes lung cancer, throat infections etc.
which can actually make the life of a person hell. Although, the person initially does not
understand the fact but after being addicted and facing some of its symptoms, realises the
drawbacks of smoking. There have been observed various cases in which adults and teens are
smoking to a huge extent, drinking, doing substance abuse etc. but smoking, doing substance
abuse etc. can actually affect the brain of the person as it decreases the ability to think properly.
This is because it affects the brain in such a way that sending and receiving of messages takes
place slower and after some time, it becomes visible on the behaviour and attitude of the person.
There have been various initiatives started by the government to control the measures so that
people can exclude or even make less the habit of smoking to stay healthy and fit and without
any health issues. In Cyprus also, there have been a huge population used to smoking and various
cases of deaths mentioned, but along with some few countries, Cyprus initiated a ban on
smoking in the year 2009 to take an initiative to make the environment and the country better.
Smoking bans are actually public policies that ensures stopping of the usage of tobacco and
smoking in order to promote a healthy and happier lifestyle. There has also been a legislation
implemented in the year 2002 in Cyprus, but it failed, so another initiated in the year 2009,
which was effective enough to ban smoking in Cyprus in nightclubs, restaurants, workplaces
etc., but it implemented from 1 January 2010.
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Aim
To understand the impact of smoking ban in Cyprus in the year 2009 on the prevalence
of smoking in all over the country
Objectives
 To understand the concept why people smoke
 To analyse the impact of smoking ban in Cyprus
 To recommend ways of understanding the impact of smoking ban in Cyprus.
Research Questions
Q1 What can be the reasons of people smoking?
Q2 What was the impact of the smoking ban in Cyprus in the year 2009?
Literature Review
Reasons why people smoke
There can be various reasons that a huge amount of people smoke. Whether it is about
adults, older ones or teens, the overall rate of people smoking is being increasing day by day and
is also becoming a reason for causing various health problems and even deaths as well in various
cases. Some smoke for relieving their stress, whether some smoke for their pleasure as they feel
it can give them a sort of pleasure and relief from all the issues going around. In addition, along
with these reasons, some also smoke because of peer pressure, which means that when a group of
boys are smoking and one of them does not smoke (Bogdanovica and et.al., 2011). Therefore, in
such cases, just to save the image, that person also gives a try to such things that no others can
laugh on that person. So, when this done in routine, the person gets addicted. Once getting
addicted, it is quite hard to get away from such habits. There are various issues which are caused
by smoking and these can be very severe for health such as lung cancer, asthma etc. If anyone
already is suffering from asthma or any such disease, then in that case, smoking can even make
the issue worse. Therefore, these can be considered as some reasons for why people smoke and
at that specific time, they don't even understand its consequences and how it can harm the body
of an individual. However, one can try to exclude oneself from this habit as by involving in
various different activities that the person does not have time for smoking. Similarly, , there can
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be various techniques that a person can involve in their daily routine order to exclude from the
habit of smoking.
Impact of smoking ban in Cyprus in the year 2009
As the government issued ban on smoking in Cyprus, it affected various people, dealers
as well as the environment. This initiative was important because there has been observed a high
rate of adolescents’ smoking in Cyprus. In addition, it has been evaluated that as per the age of
the person increases, their smoking capacity also increases. Therefore, for preventing the health
risks caused by the habit of smoking, the government took this step. Also, it restricted the trend
of smoking in night clubs, restaurants etc. because of which various incidents also happened.
Thus, for decreasing the rate of such incidents and protecting the lives of people, the government
banned smoking in 2009 and it started implemented from the year 2010. As per the data found in
the Cyprus Global youth survey, it was found that adolescents were on the top of the category
who is used to smoking. Once addicted, people are not aware of the consequences that smoking
can cause on their health and it can go worse (Christophi and et.al., 2013). Adolescents and teens
should focus on their education rather than such stuff and even if they are doing, they should
ensure the fact to do it in limits that must not bother their normal life. It is because habits such as
smoking, doing substance abuse etc. have an impact on the mental ability of the person because
the smoke, which goes inside the body, mixes with the blood stream and first goes to the brain
that affects the power of understanding things. Therefore, the government banned it and was a
great measure to keep things under control.
Research Methodology
Research is considered as a systematic way of investigating about specific data and
information that can help in making the research more effective and efficient (Pampel, 2011). It
also helps in increasing the knowledge of the researcher to a huge extent. Research methodology
is termed as a systematic method of analysing all the concepts that have been applied to the
research. Research methodology can be classified in various components and these are discussed
as following:
Research design
Research design means the complete strategy that helps in evaluating various components
of the research in a very efficient and appropriate way. It can be further classified in various
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types such as descriptive, experimental, semi experimental, review and the co relational. The
descriptive one deals with the naturalistic case study whereas the experimental means when an
experiment done with random investigation. Review implies the literature review and co
relational means the observational studies. In this research, the researcher will make use of the
descriptive design because it will help in analysing better the impact of smoking ban in Cyprus in
2009.
Research strategy
Research strategy is termed as a well-planned method that is being implied in the starting
of the research that is being continued in the whole research. It can be divided in two parts, either
the qualitative or the quantitative. The qualitative one deals with the gaining of various opinions
whereas the quantitative one makes use of graphical data, tabular information etc. Therefore, in
this research, the researcher will make use of the qualitative strategy so that they can be able to
analyse better about the impact of smoking ban in Cyprus.
Data Collection
Data collection is considered as the way of gathering the data by various means. It can be
done either by means of primary or secondary sources (Bogdanovica and et.al, 2010). Primary
data is the data that is being gathered for the first time whereas secondary data is the data that has
been already collected by some of the external body. Sources of primary data includes
questionnaire, focused groups, surveys and interviews whereas sources of the secondary data
includes books, journals, online etc. In this research, the researcher will make use of the
secondary data for a better ana;ysis of the impact and influence of smoking ban that was
happened in Cyprus in 2009.
Sampling
Sampling is considered as a method of taking samples from a large population to carry
further the analysis of the information and data in the research. There are five types of sampling
which can be simple random sampling, cluster sampling, stratified sampling, multi stage
sampling and systematic sampling. In simple random sampling, few samples are taken randomly
and from them proper interviews are being taken. Stratified sampling is being done when based
on a factor, the division has been made. In cluster sampling, the whole population is being
divided in groups and samples are being taken from all of them. In this research, the researcher
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will make use of the cluster sampling because it will help in analysing the impact, smoking ban
implied in Cyprus.
Research Limitations
Research limitations are considered as those factors that may act as a challenge or barrier
in the research (Islami, Torre and Jemal, 2015). An example of it can be considered as the fact
that if in case, the researcher decides of maximising the time of the research just in order to make
it more appropriate, it is obvious enough that for utilizing more time in research, there will be
more cost and time required as well to carry on the research (Hyland, Barnoya and Corral,
2012). In case, if there is no availability of cost at that time, in such case, it may act as a barrier
or challenge and may stop the research. Therefore, it can be a better option for the researcher to
complete the research within the given deadline so that they may do not have to face any such
factor as barrier or challenge.
Project Plan
Timeline
Basis Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8
Issue
analysis
Aim
determinati
on
Formulatin
g the
objectives
Collection
of
information
and data
based on
themes
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Research
methodolog
y
implementa
tion
Collecting
secondary
data
Analysing
of the
gathered
information
Conclusion
First, the issue was analysed and it was about the increasing rate of people indulging in habits
such as smoking etc. Based on that, aim and specific objectives have been made. Research
methodology has been implemented including all the essential aspects covering all the necessary
processes and procedures. The data has been collected by means of secondary sources as to
analyse the impact of smoking ban in Cyprus, statistical information can help in evaluating
better. Then, the whole information has been analysed thoroughly.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the proposal that the ban on smoking in Cyprus in the year 2009
has influenced the people largely. Various reasons why people smoke was analysed such as some
reasons include peer pressure, for the means of pleasure etc. Also, the way, legislations have
been made in order to control the ban on smoking has a very positive impact on the population
and helped people for living a healthier and happier life. A proper review has been done.
Research methodology was used as a means of using different aspects of it in the research. In
addition to this, a timeline has also been made just to represent the actions done in the whole
proposal.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Bogdanovica, I. and et.al., 2010. Smoking prevalence in the European Union: a comparison of
national and transnational prevalence survey methods and results. Tobacco control. pp.tc-
2010.
Bogdanovica, I. and et.al., 2011. What factors influence smoking prevalence and smoke free
policy enactment across the European Union Member States. PloS one. 6(8). p.e23889.
Bogdanovica, I. and et.al., 2012. Cigarette price, affordability and smoking prevalence in the
European Union. Addiction. 107(1). pp.188-196.
Christophi, C. A. and et.al., 2013. The impact of the Cyprus comprehensive smoking ban on air
quality and economic business of hospitality venues. BMC public health. 13(1). p.76.
Hyland, A., Barnoya, J. and Corral, J.E., 2012. Smoke-free air policies: past, present and
future. Tobacco Control. 21(2). pp.154-161.
Islami, F., Torre, L. A. and Jemal, A., 2015. Global trends of lung cancer mortality and smoking
prevalence. Translational lung cancer research. 4(4). p.327.
Pampel, F., 2011. Divergent patterns of smoking across high-income nations. International
differences in mortality at older ages: Dimensions and sources. p.132.
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