The Impact of Diesel Ban on Big Automobile Organizations in the UK

This dissertation investigates the multifaceted impact of the diesel ban on large automobile organizations in the UK. It begins with an introduction outlining the background, aims, objectives, and methodology, focusing on the environmental and economic implications of the ban. The literature review explores existing research on diesel engine usage, environmental regulations, and corporate social responsibility. The methodology section details the research philosophy, design, strategy, data collection methods (including primary and secondary data), sampling techniques, and data analysis approach. The results and analysis chapter presents descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing to assess the ban's effects on the industry and public health. The discussion of results interprets the findings, followed by a conclusion and recommendations for future research and policy. The study aims to determine whether the diesel ban is beneficial, its impact on the UK economy, and the alternatives available to companies. This dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and opportunities arising from the diesel ban in the UK automobile sector.

DISSERTATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
1.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................1
1.2 Background of research.........................................................................................................2
1.3 Aim and Objectives...............................................................................................................3
1.4 Outline of methodology........................................................................................................4
1.5 Significance of research........................................................................................................5
1.6 Structure of dissertation........................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................7
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES........................................................................19
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS................................................................................24
4.1 Chapter overview................................................................................................................24
4.2 Descriptive analysis ...........................................................................................................24
4.3 Hypotheses test ..................................................................................................................47
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS...................................................................................1
5.1 Chapter overview..................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION........................................................6
6.1 Chapter overview..................................................................................................................6
6.2 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................6
6.3 Research implications/ recommendations/ contributions......................................................7
6.4 Research limitations and further research.............................................................................8
REFERENCES:.............................................................................................................................10
Appendix........................................................................................................................................12

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Title -
“To analyse the impact of ban on diesel cars and engines on big auto mobile organisation
in the UK.
1.1 Introduction
The change in dynamic world is impacting both industries and environment. Businesses
are utilising resources without analysing their negative impact. So, business operations are
polluting environment adversely. This has resulted in formulation of strict actions by government
to protect the environment (Tutak and et.al. 2015). In an economy diesel plays a vital role. It is
the core raw material of some industries that helps in production of goods. Also, diesel engines
are most reliable source that is used in machines and cars. Besides this, it is very economical fuel
which is useful boosting durability and power of automotive. But in recent time an issue has
emerged related to use of diesel engines in UK. It is because high use of diesel is affecting
environment to a great extent. Moreover, due to change in environmental laws, UK government
has enforced guidelines to companies regarding this. This has affected the business and their
growth. Also, it has increased the cost of goods. On the contrary, banning diesel is the only way
through which environment can be protected. This will promote public safety by applying
environmental laws and regulations. Apart from this, by banning diesel engine people will be
provided free environment to breathe. Moreover, it will reduce the health hazards that are related
to diesel. In this way, a clean and green environment will be created. The lifestyle of people will
be enhanced. In UK, there are many large scale organisations that use diesel engines. They are
highly dependent on this. So, ban of engines will lead to decline in industry and downfall in GDP
of nation (Palash and et.al., 2014). In addition to this, it also includes the threats that can lead to
major consequences. Companies will focus on other countries to expand their business. They
will oppose this decision. Alongside auto mobile, other sector will also be affected that used
diesel engine as raw material. In addition to this, farming and retail sector will also have negative
impact. Also, increase in number of sales of car, the pollution level has also raised. UK

government has decided to completely ban diesel engines and cars till 2040. The decision has
impacted very badly and in 2017, there has decline of 5.7% in car sales.
In present era, there has been a great change in climatic condition of globe. It is due to
increase in global warming. This has changed the weather condition of some countries. After the
incident of great smog of London that occurred in 1952 in which many people were dead and
also many were infected, government has taken strict steps towards protecting the environment.
They do not want the similar situation to happen again. They have imposed several measures in
environment law (Guan, Zhao and Lin, 2018). It not only implies in UK but also in neighbouring
countries. It has helped in controlling the weather and enforcing companies to engage more in
corporate social responsibility activities. However, it has provided suggestions for company to
deal in issues. Inhaling poor quality of air is worse for an individual who smokes. It highly
affected his or her physical health and can lead to various air borne disease like asthma.
However, some it is expected that diesel ban will be very beneficial for UK. The positive
perspective will be that it will reduce pollution and provide a better environment to society.
Besides this, companies will more contribute in CSR. They will effectively follow rules and
regulations. Furthermore, company will be forced to use renewable resources. People will not be
prone to health hazards. It will give them fresh environment to breathe. Moreover, it will create
awareness among people to protect the environment (Bennett and Vijaygopal, 2018). The use of
hybrid car will become common. This initiative taken by UK will encourage other countries to
take some critical actions to protect the environment. Also, it will beneficial to people for long
term.
1.2 Background of research
Every country economy is dependent on oil. It is being used in most of the sectors. With
this good are manufactured. Oil is being highly consumed in form of petrol and diesel. They are
the backbone of economy. On the other hand, it is the reason of increase in pollution. Therefore,
many countries have taken strict steps to reduce pollution. In UK the government has decided to
ban diesel. This decision can highly affect their economy as big industries are dependent on
diesel machines. So banning of diesel will result in closing of industries. It will also increase the
cost of products that are produced by them. So it will create negative impact on GDP of nation.

The present study is being conducted for various reasons. It will help in identifying the
impact of banning of diesel on big companies. This means that what impact will have on their
operations and how other resources will be used by them. It will help researcher to identify this.
Another reason is to identify what impact will it have on UK economy (Kumar and et.al 2016).
Along with this, what impact will it have on other industries that are related to auto mobile
sector.
It is necessary for industries to use diesel engines so that production can be done. Besides
this, it is an essential element for auto mobile industry as well. It is because they manufacture
both petrol and diesel cars. So this has led to rise in pollution level of UK. However, if diesel is
banned it will be a huge loss to auto mobile sector. So companies have to focus on producing
hybrid cars. Thus, research is being conducted by researcher to identify that whether diesel
should be banned or not and what impact will be there if it is banned.
1.3 Aim and Objectives

Aim-
To ascertain whether Diesel should be banned or not and its impact on big automobile
organisations.
Objectives-
 To assess the reliability of banning diesel to protect and safeguard public health.
 To determine the extent to which banning diesel engines can curb health hazards in
society.
 To ascertain the contribution of UK based automobile companies in banning diesel
engine as a way of fulfilling their corporate social responsibilities (CSR).
 To analyse the influence of undertaking CSR on customer’s buying behaviour.
Research Questions
Along with aims and objectives there are some research questions also developed by
researcher. It is because it helps in answering those questions with the results. The questions
developed are as below :-
 What is the importance of providing green environment to society?
 What will be the impact on UK economy due to banning of diesel?
 What alternatives can be used by companies to replace the diesel engine.
 How effective are rules and regulations of the UK government to protect environment?
1.4 Outline of methodology
It describes the methods that will be used by researcher in conducting research. This
shows that how data will be collected and analysed. It is very important to identify methods so
that research can be conducted in smooth manner (Sanli and et.al 2015). The dissertation will
contain the following methods that are as below:-
Research Philosophy- there are four types of research philosophies that are used in research. For
present dissertation researcher will use the positivism philosophy. It will help in finding data
Research Design- It is used to analyse question data to conduct research in smooth way. In this
there are only guidelines that assists researcher. For the present research, design used will be
descriptive. It will help in interpreting data effectively.

Research Strategy – In this the research plan is developed that allows researcher to conduct
research in step by step manner. Generally, qualitative and quantitative methods are used in this.
Also, the present study will be conducted by using both strategies.
Data Collection: In this data is collected to obtain the results. There are two method of data
collection that are primary and secondary (Kinnal and et.al 2018). In this researcher will use
both these methods. The literature review will be done by secondary and in primary data will be
collected by taking interviews.
Sampling- In this sample is selected on which research will be conducted. It refers to the
selecting sample size from population. The researcher will use random sampling method and the
sample size will be 15 managers.
Data Analysis:- this is the most important element in research methodology. It is a process of
collecting and analysing data to obtain results. For present study researcher will use thematic
analysis (Guan and et.al 2017).
1.5 Significance of research
The significance of conducting present research is to identify the impact of ban of diesel
engines on auto mobile companies. Also, it is to take review of people regarding if diesel should
be banned or not. It will also help in providing suggestions or alternative options on what can be
used as a replacement of diesel engine. Beside this, there has been a lot of change in environment
related laws and regulations that is developed by government. Apart from this, it will also help in
evaluating the impact on other European countries due to diesel ban in UK.
1.6 Structure of dissertation
There is a particular structure that is followed in completing dissertation. In this it is
shown that how research will be conducted and what chapters are included in it (Ali and et.al
2016). With this researcher thoroughly analyse data so that aims and objectives can be achieved.
For present research the structure of dissertation is as follows :-
Chapter 1 Introduction: It is the first chapter in which introduction about the topic is described.
This makes it easy for user to understand about what the overall research is based on. There are
many things which is included in introduction that are aims and objectives, background,
significance, etc. These all gives a brief overview of entire dissertation.

Chapter 2 Literature Review: - in this chapter the entire theory related to secondary research is
explained. It gives a deep explanation to user about what has been said by different authors. For
this researcher analyse different journals and articles to collect and gather data and information.
Chapter 3 Research Methodology:- This chapter is the most important in dissertation as it
describes the research methods that will be applied by researcher. It helps in developing a proper
method so that research can be conducted in systematic manner (Alptekin, 2017). The methods
are selected according to nature and aims and objectives of research.
Chapter 4 Data Analysis and Finding- The overall research results are dependent on this
chapter. It is because in this the data is collected and analysed to obtain results. Also, data
analysed in presented in graphs so that it is easy for user to understand the findings. Data must be
analysed properly so that aims and objectives are achieved.
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendation: It is the last chapter where researcher conclude
about entire research. Along with this, he or she describes some recommendations that can be
useful in the future for user or organisation.

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
In this chapter the entire theory related to secondary research will be explained. It gives a
deep explanation to user about what has been said by different authors. This will make it easy for
user to measure his or her results with them. Moreover, the researcher must properly analyse
journals and articles so that literature review is written in effective way. In context to this, the
literature review of dissertation is as follows :-
Theme 1 Role of auto mobile industry in GDP
In every country auto mobile sector plays a vital role in contribution of GDP. It is
because it manufactures vehicles that helps in transporting goods from one place to another. In
today's era vehicle has become an integral part of human life. It has become the necessity of
people. According to Gonca and et.al 2015 auto mobile industry is the backbone of nation. It
is because the entire transportation is based on this industry. Also, it empowers other industries'
growth and developing. Besides this, there are many other industries that are dependent on auto
mobile sector such as tyre, glass, steel, etc. So they all together contributes a huge part in GDP of
nation. So if there will be growth in auto mobile sector it will automatically lead to growth of
these industries. As per the view of Öztürk, 2015 every business in dependent on auto mobile
sector. It is because they require transportation to move goods from one place to another. This
creates income for people as well as business. Moreover, auto mobile sector plays a vital role in
GDP of nation. In a research it is said that the contribution of this industry in India GDP is 12% .
There has been significant growth that has lead in rise in GDP. As this industry is related to
manufacturing sector it contributes to a great extent. Thus, in manufacturing half of contribution
is made by auto mobile industry. It also covers a large market share in all over the world. There
are many companies that operates at global level. It includes Volkswagen, Toyota, Ford, etc.
Furthermore, in each country they are having own market share and customer base. There are
many products that are manufactured such as cars, buses, trucks, etc. these all plays a crucial role
in transportation.

As elucidated by Alptekin, 2017 the main sector that is connected with this industry is
transportation. This is the core requirement of business in their operations. Almost all the
business requires an effective transportation to move goods from one place to another. Also, in
daily business operations requires transportation. So trucks and other vehicles are required for
this. In addition to this, transportation also helps people to travel from one place to another. This
helps in generating primary income that is the main source of business. So without transportation
goods cannot be transferred from one industry to market. So if there will be no transportation
than business will not be able to run. It will highly affect their growth and development.
Therefore, the dependency of other business on auto mobile sector makes them as an important
industry for nation.
In the opinion of Ali and et.al 2016 in UK the car manufacturing accounts for 12% in
exports. This is very high as compared to last year. Also, 169000 people are directly employed
with this industry and 814000 indirectly. So this has boosted the GDP of UK. The main countries
in which UK exports cars belongs to EU. This has helped them in generating more revenue
through this. So if this continues for coming years UK economy will be among top 5 countries.
Therefore, UK must work with other countries to ensure global success of auto mobile industry.
As said by Gonca and et.al 2015 in developing countries like India auto mobile industry is
considered as sunrise sector. This is due to increase in demand of two and four wheelers. It is
expected that till 2030 the number of vehicles will be double that the world population. There
has been some drastic change in auto mobile sector in recent times. Now they are focusing on
manufacturing hybrid cars.
According to Fattah and et.al 2014 it has been said that many developing countries are
growing rapidly due to auto mobile companies. They have attracted them to operate in their
country so that it can contribute in GDP. Moreover, due to expansion of this sector, other
companies have entered in the market. It is because auto mobile sector has provided an effective
transport facility to them. With this they are able to operate in the country. No country economy
can grow without auto mobile industry. It has been said by Gonca and et.al 2015 that both
diesel engines and industries are interrelated to each other. Any change in this will affect either
of them. But on the other hand it creates a toxic environment for workers. Also, it creates a
threat for them as they might get affected from air borne disease.

Theme 2 Importance of diesel engines in companies
Diesel engines are being used by companies to a great extent. The engines help them to
manufacture cost effective products. As elucidated by Öztürk, 2015 the benefit of using diesel
engines is durability and reliability. They can operate for long time and helps in reducing the
cost of company. Moreover, it boost power of machinery and is very economic for regular
use. Generally, these engines are used in ocean ships and construction tools. They also provide
support by providing flexibility. This is the main feature of engines that gives a great advantage
to companies. Automobile industry has been using diesel engines from a long time. Basically, its
regular use has increased in need in manufacturing and auto mobile industries. With this they are
producing goods. In railways these engines are used. This mode of transportation effectively
helps in contribution of GDP. It is also used for generating electricity. Many companies still use
these engines. It is because of limited funds and fuel except diesel are costly. So banning of
diesel engines will result in shutdown of many industries such as transportation, automobile,
manufacturing, etc. . In many countries use of these engines are banned because of increasing
pollution. . For example, in agriculture diesel engines are used. When company uses engines they
produce products at low rate. This gives them benefit to increase their profit margin.
As per the views of Sanli and et.al 2015 diesel engines are used in manufacturing
companies such as steel, sugar, etc. They are used in machines that process raw materials into
finished goods. These engines give machines extra power so that more production can be done.
Moreover, it increases the durability of machines so they can work for long time period. The
boosting power of engine is useful for large companies as they have to produce huge number of
goods per day. Another importance of diesel engine is that, it can be used in replacement when
there is power cut or any problem in electric supply. Therefore, it is beneficial for the industry
as it helps in managing interruption in production activities for industries. According to Palash
and et.al 2014 in present times engines are mostly used in LDS and HDV's. It is considered as
effective tool that can be used in almost all type of machinery. Through this they are able to
produce goods. As elucidated by Alptekin, 2017 the usage of diesel engines has increased in
many industries cross the globe. This is because of features of engines. Furthermore, the
flexibility has provided opportunity to industries to allow use of engines in larger area of
production. In developing countries medium size industries are using diesel engines only

because the fuel is economical. It helps in reducing cost of goods produced which helps the
business in managing stability in profit margins. . In addition to this, electricity is not available in
rural areas and therefore owners are forced to make use of Diesel engines. . The second reason
it is increasing cost of electricity. The electricity is used 24 hours in industry it is the major cause
of increasing expenses. In the opinion of Palash and et.al 2014 it is said that some industries
are entirely dependent on diesel engines such as ocean ships and construction.
Theme 3 – Impact of using diesel engine on environment
Diesel engine in which the burning of the fuel which is injected into combustion chamber
is caused by elevated temperature of air in cylinder due to compression. The heat produced by
compression is used to ignite fuel. Diesel engine is the most commonly used for transportation
and generating electricity. Diesel engine includes various types of transportation such as
locomotive, agriculture tractors, on construction sites, mining equipment, electricity generation
plants and also in marine equipment (vessels). As elucidated by Huan, Zhao and Lin, 2018 the
use of diesel increased of diesel engine and therefore is one of the largest contributor
environment changes which are occurring due to air pollution, soil pollution, water pollution.
Harmful emission from the burning of fuel is the main reason of global climatic changes and
greenhouse effects. Diesel engine are refined from crude oil which produces harmful emission
when burnt. Also, diesel vehicles are the main sources of harmful gases and is responsible for
depletion of ozone layer, acid rain and formation of smog in ozone. When a gallon of diesel fuel
is burnt, 22 pounds of carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced which causes global climate change
because the Carbon Dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Exhaust of Diesel engines contain carbon
particles and 40 other harmful chemicals which are classified as “hazardous air pollutants”.
Diesel Exhaust very harmful particles in the environment and these particles are the cause
of serious health issues like respiratory diseases, blockage of airways, etc.. As said by Bennett
and Vijaygopal, 2018, the diesel exhaust contain tiny particles which passes through the nose,
throat and lodge which cause respiratory problems like, bronchitis and asthma. These diesel
emissions contribute to develop the cancer cells in the body which is very serious health concern.
Due to this, the range of lung cancer patient has been increased from 1.2 to 1.5. Although at
present, a survey denoted that the risk of cancer is high which is recorded as 2.6. According to
Environmental Pollution Agency (EPA) fine particles emitted from burning fuel are responsible

for thousands of premature death every year. EPA states that the exhaust from these diesel
engines can cause other acute and chronic health effect. Diesel engine emits some very small tiny
particles which contributes to Haze in which, individual loses ability to see at long distance.
The emission of these harmful particles can also adversely affect health of animals because, the
diesel vapour or DPM extracts are genotoxic to bacterial and mammalian cell systems and can
cause adverse chromosomal changes in animals.
In the view of Guan and et.al 2017 there are several steps which has been taken by the
EPA, to control the situation and reduce diesel fleet emission. Change in fuel, reduces release of
sulphur or aromatics content which results in fast improvement of on road and off road diesel
fleet. In replacement of harmful diesel fuel use zero sulphur fuels such as natural gas, maintain
the changes in technical i.e. engine modification, exhaust gas recirculation and catalytic after
treatment. Roadside smoke inspections are done.
The owner of any diesel engine vehicle can do:
 Turn off the engine when waiting because its waste of diesel burning cause pollution.
 Owner should buy the small generators for AC, heat or power while the vehicle is parked
or waiting.
 Diesel vehicles is replaced by gasoline engine.
The US has made a program that the employees uses diesel engine of very low sulphur
content in 2006. This step created a change in the environmental condition by reducing
exhaustion of fumes from diesel engines. Due to this low sulphur content diesel and gasoline
engines improves the climatic condition and the amount of pollution can be controlled. Once this
policy is made or followed by the people the following changes can be managed:
 2.6 million ton of smog emission which is caused by nitrogen oxide is reduced every
year.
 Reduce in premature death by 8,300.
 Cases of acute Bronchitis and chronic Bronchitis will be prevented yearly.
 360,000 asthma attacks and 386,000 respiratory cases symptoms in kids will be prevented
every year.
 110,000 tons of soot will be reduced in a year.

Mainly diesel engines are used for generating electricity as they are more economical
than any other device. Vehicles with Diesel engine causes global emission of harmful gases . In
the opinion of Bennett and Vijaygopal, 2018, it has been analysed that diesel engine affects
environment to a great extent. They affect environment in negative way which leads to various
health hazards and air borne disease. This is the main reason behind governmental restriction and
strict regulation on the use of diesel engines. The emissions from engine leads to air and water
pollution. These affects can lead to adverse consequences. They majorly contribute in air
pollution. Due to this companies are allowed to set up their infrastructure outside city area. The
result of air pollution is it reduces visibility, causes respiratory health effects. This is leading to
global climate change. As elucidated by Gonca and et.al 2015 if changes in climatic condition
continues then it will lead to adverse impact on lives of people across the globe. . There will be
increase in air borne disease. Also, due to change in global climate, the fall of acid rain has
increased. It is affecting quality of the soil and water bodies. Due to this agriculture is getting
affected. It is becoming difficult for farmers to do farming. The change in climate is leading to
rainfall in non-seasonal times. Another impact of diesel engine is increase in air borne disease in
people. Many people are suffering from various disease that is caused by pollution. People are
also complaining about common symptoms of disease such as asthma, cancer, etc. in hospitals.
According to Fattah and et.al 2014 many governments have taken strict action against use
of diesel engines. They have imposed several restrictions on companies to limit the use of this.
They have emphasised on using other resources for production function. Auto mobile
organisation are focusing on developing hybrid cars. Apart from this, United Nations has taken
some steps towards air pollution. They have formed a EPA that will regulate and control
pollution related matters. The agency has set standards for diesel fuels. In US the petroleum
industries are producing ultra-low diesel engine fuels. As said by Sanli and et.al 2015 engines
are used mostly in mining, locomotives, agricultural equipment’s, etc. The major impact of air
pollution is on society as it leads to poor quality of air which impact creates impact on health of
society. The entire surrounding atmosphere is affected. This makes them difficult to live in. thus,
they have to move from one place to another. In addition to this, people do not get effective and
proper health care facilities. The people who are already suffering from cancer are affected.
Theme 5 Results of banning diesel engine on environment and auto mobile companies

As said by Ali and et.al 2016 it will be very beneficial to ban diesel engines,
because it will be beneficial for both people and environment. The first is it will result in
decrease pollution that will provide a better and green environment to people. If pollution will be
reduced, then environment and wildlife can be protected. Besides this, people and new
generation will get fresh air to breathe. The ban of diesel engine by UK government will
encourage other countries to take this step. In addition to this, it will result in reducing pollution
all over the world. This will help in creating healthy and green environment. Moreover,
reduction in pollution will give other benefits as well like it will help in managing quality of so
that agriculture can be done. The crops will absorb proper nutrients from soil. This will provide
healthy fruits and vegetable to people. It will improve their health quality. According to
Alptekin, 2017 the reduction in pollution level will also result in decrease in various air borne
disease. The number of cases will reduced Furthermore, it will make people aware about taking
measures to manage green environment. In accordance to environment, the society will be
focusing on increasing plantation. The better atmosphere will increase the life expectancy of
people which will lead to healthy society.
In the view of Guan and et.al 2017 it is stated that ban of diesel engine in auto mobile
company will be beneficial. It is because it will force them to use other resources. Also, it will
increase participation of industries in CSR activities which is effective for managing satisfaction
of stakeholders. It will enable them to make more contribution towards betterment of society
and people. Moreover, ban of engine will emphasis to focus on developing hybrid cars. This will
help in decreasing pollution level. If any one company starts producing hybrid car it will enforce
other to do so. Another benefit will be decrease in number of diesel cars which will
automatically assist in managing control over pollution. . Government will impose laws and
regulations that will be implemented by companies. They will allow industry to use renewable
resources. Along with this, people will also make efforts to protect and save environment. They
will increase in purchase of hybrid cars and motivate other companies as well. Thus, renewable
organisation can develop their own solar plants to generate electricity.
On the contrary Kinnal and et.al 2018 said that ban of diesel engine will create negative
impact on auto mobile companies. Firstly, cost of producing cars will increase. This will make it
difficult for people to buy car. Also, it will reduce their profits. Moreover, it will consume more

electricity and take more time in production. The entire production department of companies will
be affected. Alongside, organisations will use resource to a large extent. This will result in
depletion of natural resources Tutak and et.al 2015 also said that ban of engine will affect the
growth of auto mobile industry. This will lead to adverse impact on GDP of nation. Also, it will
affect other industries which make use of diesel engines for maintaining cost effectiveness in
business operations. Thus, it can be said that it will bring downfall in economic condition of
nation. Besides this, it will be difficult to survive in the country. Thus, overall sales and profits of
auto mobile companies will decrease. Furthermore, electricity supplied in industry will increase
load on electricity system. Government will supply more electricity to industries. It will increase
in expenses of companies.
It can be said that banning use of diesel engines will be beneficial and non-beneficial to
auto mobile companies. But it will benefit in protecting environment which is a major advantage.
This ensures that next generation will be able to enjoy better and green atmosphere. Also, it will
increase the life expectancy of people. The number of cases related to air borne disease will
decline. People will get clean surroundings to live in.
Theme 6 Ways to minimise use of diesel engine
As said by Sanli and et.al 2015 government and industries, both can integrate their
efforts in protecting environment. They can work together to ensure that people are getting safe
environment to breathe and live. So regarding this step should be taken to minimise the use of
diesel engine. It can be done by developing effective long term plans and strategies. Also, some
new ideas can be implemented for this. For example - companies should collaborate with
government agencies to use renewable sources of energy. For this solar power plants should be
developed to generate electricity for auto mobile industries. It will be very beneficial in saving
and protecting environment.
In order to reduce level of pollution, there are many ways through which use of diesel
engine can be minimised. In the views of Palash and et.al 2014 government must take effective
step towards this. They should provide suggestion to auto mobile companies on how diesel
engine can be replaced with other thing. For this firstly government should ban the industries that
produces these engines. So if engines will not be produced then companies will not be able to
purchase it. Furthermore, government can form some strict policies to restrict the use of diesel

engines. Moreover, must be monitored and regulated by government that to what extent diesel
engines are used by industries. Apart from this, a deadline must be issued to completely ban
diesel cars. It will give an insight to organisation to take steps to minimise its use. But if policies
are made then it will restrict companies to use diesel engine and if not followed then legal action
can be taken against them. Also, huge fine must be imposed on firms that do not follow laws
stated. This will set boundaries for companies.
According to Guan, Zhao and Lin, 2018 another way to minimise the use of diesel
engine is to provide them subsidy on using the latest technological machines. It will encourage
organisation to change their production process. However, with the help of this new process will
be install with regard to new machines which will help in increasing efficiency of organisational
functions. . It will benefit economy as well because technological advancement will lead to rise
in GDP.
Likewise, government agencies can form association that will look after the CSR
activities. So if any mistake are found in this it can be informed to local authorities. They will
take action against business. Government must conduct seminars and workshops for business to
protect environment. They will participate in this and will take necessary actions to involve in it.
A high involvement in CSR activities will initiate companies to contribute more in it. They
should modify their social responsibility and interact with people to take their ideas and
suggestions. It is stated by Guan, Zhao and Lin, 2018 that by following the above suggestions'
government and auto mobile companies can minimise the use of diesel engine. This will be a
major step towards protecting the environment. It will lead to providing green atmosphere in UK.
By inspiring with UK many other countries will also take a step forward in using diesel engines.
This will be a huge contribution that will be done by auto mobile companies. Slowly the use of
diesel cars and other things will get banned. This will result in decrease in pollution level and
providing a healthy and quality life to people. The global climate will remain stable. There will
be reduction in soil, air and water pollution. By this people will get healthy and nutritious food
and clean drinking water. They will not be affected by any disease. It will enhance their mental
as well as physical health. People will make effort to keep their surroundings neat and clean.
Conclusion

From the above literature review it is concluded that diesel engine are very essential for
companies. It is because they are used in machines to boost their power. Besides this, using
diesel engines is traditional way to manufacture goods. In present times the use of engines has
increased in different industries. It is because of their low cost and long term durability. In most
of the auto mobile industries. Diesel engines are used to produce cars. They are also used to
generate electricity. With this industries are able to operate at large level. Moreover, auto mobile
industry contribute highly in GDP of nation. They are the backbone of economy as many other
industries are dependent of them. But on the other hand the increase in use of diesel engines has
created an adverse impact on environment. It has lead to increase in pollution and various air
borne disease. Due to this there has bee change in global climate that is affecting the world.
Therefore, in order to reduce pollution UK government has taken many actions. It has developed
some rules and regulations so that the usage can be minimised. They are also deciding to ban
diesel engines completely till 2030. It will hep in providing better environment to people. Also, it
will lead to increase in life expectancy of people. The ban of engines will highly affect auto
mobile sector.
Area of
investigation
Success factor Finding
Auto mobile
industry
The researcher has
effectively described
role of auto mobile
industry in GDP of
nation
In this it is shown that how auto mobile
industry help in growing the GDP of
nation. Also, many other sector like
retail, tyre industries are dependent on
this industry.
Use of diesel
engine in auto
mobile sector
It has been studied that
diesel engines play a
vital role in machinery
of auto companies.
It has found that diesel engines are
useful for companies as they help in
enhancing their performance.
Impact on
environment
From this it is stated
that the use of diesel
Researcher has found that there has
been increase in various air borne

engine is affecting
environment. It is
leading to increase in
air pollution.
disease.
Research framework
The above literature review reflect on the concepts of impact of ban on diesel engine on
the environment. The concept state how auto mobile companies will be affected and what are the
main reason for ban. It also shows whether other industries related to auto mobile sector will be
affected or not. In addition to this, what is the procedure of banning diesel engines in UK. Also,
policies and procedures should be developed by both auto mobile companies and government
and use of diesel engine must be monitored and regulated to ensure environment safety.
Research aim Hypotheses Themes
Variable 1 ban of
diesel car
variable 2
Decrease in
pollution level
To analyse the impact
of ban on diesel
engines on big auto
mobile organisation in
the UK.
H0- The ban of diesel
engine will not help in
decreasing the
pollution level
 Theme 3 –
Impact of
using diesel
engine on
environment
H1- The ban of diesel
engine will help in
decreasing the
pollution level
 Theme 3 –
Impact of
using diesel
engine on
environment
 Theme 5
Results of
banning
diesel

engine on
environment
and auto
mobile
companies
 Theme 6
Ways to
minimise
use of diesel
engine

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
Introduction -
In order to conduct research there are several methods that are used. These methods
depend on nature and size of research. Besides this, it depends on researcher willingness on
which method will be chosen by him or her in research. Research methodology refers to the
framework that shows that how the entire research will be conducted. In this there are several
elements that has to be considered by researcher. These elements include research philosophy,
data collection, data sampling, etc. In order to take appropriate analysis, it can be stated that
researcher will able to communicate appropriate benefits. As results, it increases significant
advantages at workplace of auto mobile industry. Furthermore, it also increases communication
level which measure effectiveness and ascertained performances to attain creative results as well.
With this it becomes easy to conduct research in smooth way. The researcher does not have to
waste time in determining methods separately. Also, by developing plan researcher can take
further step in systematic manner. For present research the methodology is described below :-
Research philosophy- This is the first element in research. The researcher has to consider this
before proceeding further. It is because the research philosophy shows the overall research
design and framework. In this the researcher describes brief idea about what subject. Also, it
shows that knowledge will be created and what exist in reality. There are four philosophies that
can be used. These are positivism, realism, pragmatism and interpretivisim. Positivism refers to
only factual knowledge that is obtained by observation. This philosophy limits the researcher to
study about subject and collect data. In this there is no provision of human interest in study.
Pragmatism can include both positivism and interpretivism. It mainly focuses on research
questions. Interpretivsim philosophy studies various elements of study and investigate each one
in effective manner. It also includes human interest into study. In this dissertation researcher will
use the interpretivism philosophy. With this it will be easy for him or her to analyse each element
and collect data. This will help in achieving goals and objectives in effective way. It will make it
simple for researcher to investigate every element. With the help of research philosophy, it can
be stated that researcher able to know and increase knowledge towards theory. It also assists to
make relevant work performances to describe and obtained through observation. Study and
investigation also help to increase knowledge with theory.

Research approach- In this the researcher identify the approach that will be used by him or her.
The approach shows that how hypotheses will be carried out. Hypotheses refers to analysing
explanation that is done on basis of evidence so that further investigation can be done.
Researcher approach consists of deductive, inductive or abductive. Inductive approach is used to
generate new theories from research. Usually, it is used in scientific research to develop some
relevant theories but is mostly preferred by researchers. Moreover, it is used in health care topics.
Then, deductive approach refers to generating valid outcomes from research. On other hand
abductive is used to overcome weakness of both deductive and inductive. It is very less used
approach as it is difficult and complex. For present study researcher will use inductive approach.
In this he will generate new theories that can be applied or used in further research. Apart from
this it will be easy for researcher to provide relevant and effective ideas. These can be applied in
the future by other researchers. Inductive research study help to find relevant results on the basis
of desired results will be gain successfully. As per the information, researcher able to make
proper conclusion and findings. Present study ascertained effective information to make desired
results in business.
Research strategy- It is also an important element of research methodologies. In this researcher
develops a plan that shows how methodologies will be implemented by researcher. By this it
becomes easy for researcher to attain aims and objectives. Qualitative and quantitative are two
types of strategies that are used by researcher (Tutak and et.al 2015). Qualitative refers to
collecting non numeric data so that theory related to subject can be analysed in more depth. This
strategy is used for collecting more quality data based on topic. Quantitative strategy means
collecting numeric data so that it can be processed to get useful information. In this data is
interpreted to achieve aims and objectives. In present research, these both approach will be used
by researcher. With this data will be collected and analysed. This will enable him or her to
implement strategies. Using them will help researcher in getting effective results. Quantitative
research strategy help to implement SPSS tools that assists to measure data in systematic
manner. Furthermore, it also helps to find relevancy of information that collected to find desired
results. It ascertained more desired work performances in the business.
Research design – After selecting research strategy, the researcher determine design that will be
applied. The selection of researcher design is dependent on research strategy and aims and

objectives. It helps in answering research questions. There are three research design that can be
use such as exploratory, conclusive and descriptive. Exploratory means to explore research
questions but not achieving aims. Conclusive refers to generate conclusion from the research.
The conclusion depends on aims and objectives. Descriptive design focus on current issue and
problems. It studies various aspects of phenomenon. The researcher will use descriptive design
for present study. It will enable them to analyse issues so that aims and objectives can be
developed and attained. Descriptive research design helps to find in-depth information for whole
program that assists to meet with relevant work performances. It also helps to attain systematic
work performances that help to make conclusion in systematic manner. On the basis of
information, it can be stated that validity will be ascertained in positive way.
Data collection – In this researcher collects data so that it can be analysed. The data collected
must be proper and appropriate so that effective results can be obtained. In every research data is
collected only by two methods that are primary and secondary (Sanli and et.al 2015). It depends
on researcher willingness that which method will he or she prefers. Research can be conducted
by using two methods as well. In primary data is collected from interview, survey, etc. It is fresh
data that helps in achieving goals and objectives. With this specific outcomes will be achieved.
In secondary data is collected by analysing previous research, articles, etc. It helps user in giving
a brief knowledge about what other authors has analysed about the topic. In this dissertation
researcher will collect and gather data by both methods. The primary data collection will be done
by taking interviews in which researcher will ask close ended questions to different people.
Primary and secondary both types of data will be used that is beneficial to attain overall results in
research. In present dissertation, it can be stated that primary data gather from questionnaire
which help to find more relevant results at workplace.
Data Sampling – It is a way to collect sample size from population. It helps researcher to select
specific people for his or her research. This helps researcher to analyse proper and appropriate
sample size. This is done so that research can be conducted in effective manner. On the basis of
sampling data is collected. There are many ways of data sampling like random, stratified, cluster,
etc. in random researcher randomly select people from large population. In stratified certain
groups are made on the basis of strata. Then from each strata specific number of people are
selected randomly. In cluster similar process is done but researcher select random number of

people from each cluster. It depends on researcher which method is preferred by him or her. For
present study researcher will apply two methods. First he or she will select 15 clients that is auto
mobile company managers purposely and interview will be taken. In order to gather relevant
information, sample size has been taken as per purposefully. This is because, it helps to find
more effective and relevant information at workplace. On the basis of creative information, it can
be stated that process will be undertaken with simple random sampling method.
Data analysis – It is very essential for researcher to identify what method will be used or applied
by her or him in analysing data. It is because is effective and proper data collection method is not
applied it will affect the overall research results. Data analysing means interpreting raw data into
meaningful information so that results can be obtained. As in this dissertation data will be
collected by both methods so there are different methods that is applied in evaluating qualitative
and quantitative data. Thus, researcher will use statistical method for quantitative data. Along
with this, hypotheses testing will be done by using correlation and regression. On the other hand
qualitative data will be analysed by using thematic analysis. With this it will be easy for
researcher to present and interpret outcome. Moreover, it will be easy for user to understand
research results. There are both kinds of data analysis method has been used because it assists to
gather more relevant work performances in business. On the basis of qualitative and quantitative
information, it can be stated that researcher will easily make conclusion.
Ethical consideration – it refers to following of some rules and regulations while conducting
research. The rules and regulations followed ensures that researcher has not used any illegal
sources or way of conducting research. Besides this, it is enables researcher to provide valid
outcomes. Rules are followed so that it does not affect the results. While conducting research,
researcher will follow certain rules and regulations. The first is to keep the information
confidential that is related to business operations. The privacy of information will be maintained.
Along with this, business strategies will not be disclosed and no questions related to this will be
asked. Also, the proper details regarding research will be provided to business and government.
Thus, by following all these rules and regulations the researcher will conduct research in ethical
manner. It will help him or her in dealing effectively and collecting data in auto mobile
companies. Ethical consideration must be focused to undertaken more effective work
performances in business. With the help of concentrate on ethics and rules, researcher will be

able to communicate significant advantages at workplace. It also considers importance in whole
program to attain more desired results at workplace.

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Chapter overview
It is most important chapter in dissertation because in this data is collected and analysed.
The researcher collects data from the sources that is determined in research methodologies. Then
he or she uses the data analysing techniques or methods to interpret data so that results can be
obtained. It is very essential for researcher to present data in such a manner that it is easily
understood by user and other researchers. Besides this, data should be analysed effectively and
efficiently so that results are not affected. If data is not analysed in proper way then aims and
objectives will not be achieved. The results and analysis of data collected for present dissertation
is described below :-
4.2 Descriptive analysis
Statistics
Banningdieselwil
lprovidesustaina
bleenvironment
Inhalingemission
sofdieselharmfult
hancigarettes
Dieselreleasesto
xicsubstancesim
pacthumanande
nvironment
Banningwillresult
inreductionofAst
hma
Banningdieselas
surepollutionfree
environment
N Valid 15 15 15 15 15
Missing 0 0 0 0 0
Mean 3.4000 3.5333 3.6667 3.5333 3.5333
Median 4.0000 4.0000 4.0000 4.0000 4.0000
Mode 4.00 4.00 4.00a 4.00 4.00
Std. Deviation 1.45406 1.18723 1.39728 1.40746 1.24595
Variance 2.114 1.410 1.952 1.981 1.552
Sum 51.00 53.00 55.00 53.00 53.00
Statistics
banmitigateincide
nceofairborneilln
ess
Banningwillenfor
cecompaniestoe
ngageinCSR
Publichaveacces
stocleanenviron
mentthroughgree
nerequipment
CSRapproachesr
esultinelimination
ofDieselcars
Companiescreat
ebetterimagebyb
anningproduction
ofdieselcars
N Valid 15 15 15 15 15

Missing 0 0 0 0 0
Mean 3.5333 4.0000 3.5333 2.7333 3.8000
Median 4.0000 4.0000 4.0000 2.0000 4.0000
Mode 4.00 4.00 4.00a 2.00 5.00
Std. Deviation 1.40746 .75593 1.24595 1.22280 1.37321
Variance 1.981 .571 1.552 1.495 1.886
Sum 53.00 60.00 53.00 41.00 57.00
Statistics
Decreaseinpolluti
onthroughbande
pictsresponsiblea
pproach
companiesshould
practicemoreCS
Ractivities
increaseinpollutio
nisonlybecauseof
usingdieselengin
es
Changeinconsum
erbehaviourenfor
cecompaniestopr
oduceelectriccars
Governmentshou
ldreducepricesgr
eenerapproaches
N Valid 15 15 15 15 15
Missing 0 0 0 0 0
Mean 3.4000 3.2667 3.4667 3.9333 3.8000
Median 4.0000 4.0000 4.0000 4.0000 4.0000
Mode 4.00 4.00 4.00a 4.00 4.00
Std. Deviation 1.45406 1.27988 1.35576 1.16292 1.20712
Variance 2.114 1.638 1.838 1.352 1.457
Sum 51.00 49.00 52.00 59.00 57.00
Statistics
Peoplewillreferbu
yingreplaceddies
elcarsfortheirwell
being
Substitutedieselc
arsandotherappr
oachesreflectres
ponsibleworking
companiesengag
edinCSRthrough
banapparenttoco
nsumerbehaviour
Industriesrelatedt
oautomobileshou
ldalsopracticeCS
Ractivities
governmentprom
otingCSRactivitie
sinfluencesconsu
merbehaviour
N Valid 15 15 15 15 15
Missing 0 0 0 0 0
Mean 3.8000 3.6000 3.8000 3.6000 3.4000
Median 4.0000 4.0000 4.0000 4.0000 4.0000
Mode 4.00 4.00 5.00a 5.00 4.00
Std. Deviation 1.20712 1.29835 1.32017 1.40408 1.50238
Variance 1.457 1.686 1.743 1.971 2.257
Sum 57.00 54.00 57.00 54.00 51.00
a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown

Frequency Table
Theme 1 : Banning diesel provides a better and sustainable environment to the society
Banningdieselwillprovidesustainableenvironment
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.00 2 13.3 13.3 13.3
2.00 3 20.0 20.0 33.3
3.00 1 6.7 6.7 40.0
4.00 5 33.3 33.3 73.3
5.00 4 26.7 26.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Interpretation- from the above frequency table it can be said that most of the people of UK
agreed and strongly agreed that diesel engines will provide a better atmosphere to society. They
said that it will provide a green environment. But only a few people disagreed that banning diesel
engine will not provide green environment. Therefore, it can be said that many people agreed
that ban of diesel engines will result in providing green atmosphere to society.

Theme 2 : Inhaling the emissions of diesel engine is more harmful than smoking cigarettes
Inhalingemissionsofdieselharmfulthancigarettes
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.00 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
2.00 2 13.3 13.3 20.0
3.00 3 20.0 20.0 40.0
4.00 6 40.0 40.0 80.0
5.00 3 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0

Interpretation- By analysing the above frequency table it is said that most of the people agreed
and strongly agreed that inhaling diesel emissions is more harmful than smoking cigarettes.
Some disagreed with it and other was neutral. From this it can be said that people has agreed
with the fact that diesel emissions is more harmful and impact on physical health to a great
extent.
Theme 3 : Diesel engines releases highly toxic substances, impacting both human beings and
environment.
Dieselreleasestoxicsubstancesimpacthumanandenvironment
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid 1.00 2 13.3 13.3 13.3

2.00 1 6.7 6.7 20.0
3.00 2 13.3 13.3 33.3
4.00 5 33.3 33.3 66.7
5.00 5 33.3 33.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Interpretation- the above frequency table shows the results that most people agreed that toxic
substances released by diesel engines impacts both human as well as environment. there were
some people who disagreed with it and some remain neutral. Therefore, it can be said that people
toxic substances is leading to pollution and impacting of lifestyle of society as well as animals.
Theme 4 : Banning diesel result in reduction of Asthma in people
BanningwillresultinreductionofAsthma

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.00 2 13.3 13.3 13.3
2.00 2 13.3 13.3 26.7
3.00 1 6.7 6.7 33.3
4.00 6 40.0 40.0 73.3
5.00 4 26.7 26.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Interpretation- the researcher identified from the above frequency table that 6 people agreed, 4
strongly agreed that ban of diesel will result in reduction of asthma. While 2 disagreed and 2
strongly disagreed with it. So it can be concluded from this that ban of diesel will reduce the
patients of asthma.
Theme 5- Banning diesel engines assure a pollution free environment for the public

Banningdieselassurepollutionfreeenvironment
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.00 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
2.00 3 20.0 20.0 26.7
3.00 1 6.7 6.7 33.3
4.00 7 46.7 46.7 80.0
5.00 3 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Interpretation- By studying the above frequency table it can be stated that 7 clients agreed that
ban will give a pollution free environment, 3 strongly agreed with it. But 3 clients disagreed with
this and 1 was neutral. Thus, it can be said that many people agreed that ban will assure a
pollution free environment.

Theme 6 : Diesel ban mitigate the incidence of air-borne illnesses and other health complications
banmitigateincidenceofairborneillness
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.00 2 13.3 13.3 13.3
2.00 2 13.3 13.3 26.7
3.00 1 6.7 6.7 33.3
4.00 6 40.0 40.0 73.3
5.00 4 26.7 26.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Interpretation- the above table shows states the views of 15 clients on ban of diesel in
mitigating incidence on air borne disease. In this 6 clients agreed, 4 strongly disagreed that ban

will mitigate many health complications. 1 remained neutral with this statement. But 2 clients
disagreed with it. So, it is concluded that ban of diesel engine will mitigate the incidence of air
borne disease.
Theme 7- Banning of diesel enforce companies to engage more in CSR activities.
BanningwillenforcecompaniestoengageinCSR
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
2.00 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
3.00 1 6.7 6.7 13.3
4.00 10 66.7 66.7 80.0
5.00 3 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0

Interpretation- the above frequency table shows 10 people agreed that ban of diesel will enforce
companies to engage more in CSR activities. In this 1 was neutral for above statement. 1 people
were disagreed with the fact. Thus, it can be concluded that people agreed that due to ban
companies will engage more in CSR activities.
Theme 8- Public free access to clean environment through fewer and greener equipment’s
Publichaveaccesstocleanenvironmentthroughgreenerequipment
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent

Valid
1.00 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
2.00 3 20.0 20.0 26.7
3.00 1 6.7 6.7 33.3
4.00 7 46.7 46.7 80.0
5.00 3 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Interpretation- the above frequency table describes results of 15 people. In this most of the
people was agreed and strongly agreed that public will have free access to clean environment. 3
people disagreed with it. Thus, it can be concluded that clients agreed that public will have free
access to clean environment.
Theme 9 Effective CSR approaches eliminate Diesel engine cars.

CSRapproachesresultineliminationofDieselcars
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.00 2 13.3 13.3 13.3
2.00 6 40.0 40.0 53.3
3.00 2 13.3 13.3 66.7
4.00 4 26.7 26.7 93.3
5.00 1 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Interpretation- A research was conducted by researcher of 15 clients. From above table it can
be analysed that 6 clients strongly disagreed and 2 disagreed with fact that effective CSR
approach will eliminate banning diesel car. 2 clients were neutral. 4 agreed with it and 1 strongly
agreed. Therefore, it can be said that effective CSR approaches will eliminate diesel car.

Theme 10- Companies develop better image by banning the production of diesel cars and
contribute in CSR
Companiescreatebetterimagebybanningproductionofdieselcars
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.00 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
2.00 3 20.0 20.0 26.7
4.00 5 33.3 33.3 60.0
5.00 6 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Interpretation- From above table results of 15 clients are shown. It can be analysed that 6
people strongly agreed and 5 agreed that companies can develop better image by engaging more

in CSR activities. On the other hand, 1 strongly disagreed and 3 disagreed with it. Hence, it can
be said that many people agreed that better market image can be built if companies ban the
production of diesel car.
Theme 11- Decrease in pollution through diesel engine ban depicts a responsible approach
Decreaseinpollutionthroughbandepictsresponsibleapproach
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.00 2 13.3 13.3 13.3
2.00 3 20.0 20.0 33.3
3.00 1 6.7 6.7 40.0
4.00 5 33.3 33.3 73.3
5.00 4 26.7 26.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0

Interpretation- By analysing the above frequency table it is said that 4 client strongly agreed, 5
agreed that banning diesel reflects a depicts reasonable approach. 1 was neutral and 3 disagreed
and 2 strongly disagreed. Hence, it has been stated it will be a major advantage to public of UK.
Theme 12- Auto mobile companies practice more CSR activities apart from reducing the use of
diesel engines
companiesshouldpracticemoreCSRactivities
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid 1.00 2 13.3 13.3 13.3
2.00 2 13.3 13.3 26.7
3.00 3 20.0 20.0 46.7

4.00 6 40.0 40.0 86.7
5.00 2 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Interpretation- By analysing the above frequency table it is said out of 15 clients, 2 strongly
agreed and 6 agreed that more CSR practices should be adopted by companies. 3 was neutral. 2
disagreed and 1 strongly disagreed with it. Thus, it can be said that most of the people agreed
that companies should practice several CSR approaches.
Theme 13- increase in pollution is only because of auto mobile companies that uses diesel
engines
increaseinpollutionisonlybecauseofusingdieselengines

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.00 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
2.00 4 26.7 26.7 33.3
3.00 1 6.7 6.7 40.0
4.00 5 33.3 33.3 73.3
5.00 4 26.7 26.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Interpretation- the above frequency table describes of 15 clients. In this 5 agreed and 4 strongly
agreed that diesel engine is only source of pollution. Whereas 4 disagreed and 1 strongly
disagreed with this.
Theme 14- Change in consumer behaviour enforce auto mobile industry to produce electric cars

Changeinconsumerbehaviourenforcecompaniestoproduceelectriccars
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.00 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
2.00 1 6.7 6.7 13.3
3.00 1 6.7 6.7 20.0
4.00 7 46.7 46.7 66.7
5.00 5 33.3 33.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Interpretation- the above frequency table describes of 15 clients. It is observed that 7 people
agreed and 5 strongly agreed that change in consumer behaviour will enforce companies to
produce electric car. On contrary 1 client disagreed, 1 strongly disagreed and 1 remain neutral
with this.

Theme 15 – Government reduce the prices of other greener approaches, as replacement of diesel
engine.
Governmentshouldreducepricesgreenerapproaches
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.00 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
2.00 1 6.7 6.7 13.3
3.00 3 20.0 20.0 33.3
4.00 5 33.3 33.3 66.7
5.00 5 33.3 33.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0

Interpretation- the researcher identified from the above frequency table that 5 clients strongly
agreed and 5 agreed to point that government should reduce prices of greener approaches. But 1
disagreed and 1 strongly disagreed with it. Thus, people agreed that if diesel is banned then other
options must be provided at lower cost.
Theme 16- People refer in buying the replaced diesel engine cars for their own wellbeing
Peoplewillreferbuyingreplaceddieselcarsfortheirwellbeing
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid 1.00 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
2.00 1 6.7 6.7 13.3
3.00 3 20.0 20.0 33.3
4.00 5 33.3 33.3 66.7

5.00 5 33.3 33.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Interpretation- the researcher identified from the above frequency table that out of 15 clients, 5
strongly agreed, 5 agreed that people will prefer buying electric car for their own benefit. 3 was
neutral. On the other hand 1 disagreed and 1 strongly disagreed with it.
Theme 17 Substituted diesel engine cars and other approaches reflects responsible working of
automobile industry
Substitutedieselcarsandotherapproachesreflectresponsibleworking

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.00 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
2.00 3 20.0 20.0 26.7
3.00 1 6.7 6.7 33.3
4.00 6 40.0 40.0 73.3
5.00 4 26.7 26.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Interpretation- the researcher identified from the above frequency table that out of 15 clients, 6
agreed, 6 agreed that substitute diesel car reflect responsibility of auto mobile companies. 1 was
neutral. On the other hand 3 disagreed and 1 strongly disagreed with it.

Theme 18 Organisations getting engaged in CSR activities through diesel ban is apparent to
change consumer’s behaviour
companiesengagedinCSRthroughbanapparenttoconsumerbehaviour
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.00 1 6.7 6.7 6.7
2.00 2 13.3 13.3 20.0
3.00 2 13.3 13.3 33.3
4.00 4 26.7 26.7 60.0
5.00 6 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0

Interpretation- the researcher identified from the above frequency table that out of 15 clients, 4
agreed, 6 strongly agreed that companies engaged in CSR can be useful in changing consumer
behaviour. 2 was neutral. On the other hand 2 disagreed and 1 strongly disagreed with it.
Therefore, it can be concluded that people were in favour that companies should engage in CSR
activities.
Theme 19 Industries related to auto mobile sector should practice CSR activities
IndustriesrelatedtoautomobileshouldalsopracticeCSRactivities
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid 1.00 2 13.3 13.3 13.3
2.00 1 6.7 6.7 20.0

3.00 3 20.0 20.0 40.0
4.00 4 26.7 26.7 66.7
5.00 5 33.3 33.3 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Interpretation- the above frequency table describes of 15 clients. It is observed that 4 people
agreed and 5 strongly agreed that industries related to auto mobile sector should also practice
CSR activities. On contrary 1 client disagreed, 2 strongly disagreed and 3 remain neutral with
this statement. Hence, it is stated that rubber, glass, tyre, etc companies should involve in CSR.
Theme 20 the involvement of government in promoting CSR activities influences consumer
behaviour to buy electric car

governmentpromotingCSRactivitiesinfluencesconsumerbehaviour
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.00 3 20.0 20.0 20.0
2.00 1 6.7 6.7 26.7
3.00 2 13.3 13.3 40.0
4.00 5 33.3 33.3 73.3
5.00 4 26.7 26.7 100.0
Total 15 100.0 100.0
Interpretation- the above frequency table describes of 15 clients. It is observed that 5 people
agreed and 4 strongly agreed that government involvement is CSR influences consumer
behaviour. On contrary 1 client disagreed, 3 strongly disagreed and 2 remain neutral.

4.3 Hypotheses test
One sample T test
Theme 1
One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Banningwillresultinreductiono
fAsthma 15 3.5333 1.40746 .36341
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Banningwillresultinreductiono
fAsthma 9.723 14 .000 3.53333 2.7539
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Upper
BanningwillresultinreductionofAsthma 4.3128
Interpretation
Value of level of significance is .000 which means that banning of diesel engines will
help in reducing patients of asthma and other health complications. Hence, alternative hypothesis
is accepted. It can be observed that mean and standard deviation in case of points less than 15 is
3.5 and 1.40
Theme 2-
One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Decreaseinpollutionthroughb
andepictsresponsibleapproac
h
15 3.4000 1.45406 .37544
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower

Decreaseinpollutionthroughb
andepictsresponsibleapproac
h
9.056 14 .000 3.40000 2.5948
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Upper
Decreaseinpollutionthroughbandepictsresponsibleapproach 4.2052
Interpretation
Value of level of significance is .000 which means that reducing use of diesel reflects
responsible approach of companies. Hence, alternative hypothesis is accepted. It can be
observed that mean and standard deviation in case of points less than 15 is 3.4 and 1.45.
Theme 3
One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Governmentshouldreducepri
cesgreenerapproaches 15 3.8000 1.20712 .31168
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Governmentshouldreducepri
cesgreenerapproaches 12.192 14 .000 3.80000 3.1315
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Upper

Governmentshouldreducepricesgreenerapproaches 4.4685
Interpretation
Value of level of significance is .000 which means that government should reduce price
of other green approaches. Hence, alternative hypothesis is accepted. It can be observed that
mean and standard deviation in case of points less than 15 is 3.8 and 1.20.
Chi square
Theme 1
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
Banningdieselassurepollution
freeenvironment *
banmitigateincidenceofairbor
neillness
15 100.0% 0 0.0% 15 100.0%
Banningdieselassurepollutionfreeenvironment * banmitigateincidenceofairborneillness Crosstabulation
Count
banmitigateincidenceofairborneillness Total
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
Banningdieselassurepollution
freeenvironment
1.00 0 0 0 1 0 1
2.00 1 0 0 1 1 3
3.00 0 1 0 0 0 1
4.00 1 0 1 3 2 7
5.00 0 1 0 1 1 3
Total 2 2 1 6 4 15
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 12.738a 16 .692

Likelihood Ratio 12.043 16 .741
Linear-by-Linear Association .070 1 .792
N of Valid Cases 15
a. 25 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum
expected count is .07.
Findings and discussion : from the above table it is concluded that the P value is less than
significance level is 0.07. It means that null hypotheses can be accepted. Thus, there exists a
relationship that banning diesel engine will assure green atmosphere and lead to decrease in air
borne and other health disease. Moreover, from results it is concluded that there was significant
association between green environment and air borne diseases.
Regression and correlation
Theme 1
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
banmitigateincidenceofairbor
neillness 3.5333 1.40746 15
Banningdieselassurepollution
freeenvironment 3.5333 1.24595 15
Correlations
banmitigateincid
enceofairborneill
ness
Banningdieselas
surepollutionfree
environment
Pearson Correlation
banmitigateincidenceofairbor
neillness 1.000 .071
Banningdieselassurepollution
freeenvironment .071 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed)
banmitigateincidenceofairbor
neillness . .401
Banningdieselassurepollution
freeenvironment .401 .

N
banmitigateincidenceofairbor
neillness 15 15
Banningdieselassurepollution
freeenvironment 15 15
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Change Statistics
R Square
Change
F Change df1
1 .071a .005 -.072 1.45695 .005 .065 1
a. Predictors: (Constant), Banningdieselassurepollutionfreeenvironment
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression .138 1 .138 .065 .803b
Residual 27.595 13 2.123
Total 27.733 14
a. Dependent Variable: banmitigateincidenceofairborneillness
b. Predictors: (Constant), Banningdieselassurepollutionfreeenvironment
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 3.252 1.167 2.787 .015
Banningdieselassurepollutio
nfreeenvironment .080 .313 .071 .255 .803
Coefficientsa

Model 95.0% Confidence Interval for B
Lower Bound Upper Bound
1 (Constant) .731 5.772
Banningdieselassurepollutionfreeenvironment -.595 .755
a. Dependent Variable: banmitigateincidenceofairborneillness
Coefficient Correlationsa
Model Banningdieselas
surepollutionfree
environment
1
Correlations Banningdieselassurepollution
freeenvironment 1.000
Covariances Banningdieselassurepollution
freeenvironment .098
a. Dependent Variable: banmitigateincidenceofairborneillness
Findings and analysis
Theme 2
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
Companiescreatebetterimage
bybanningproductionofdiesel
cars
3.8000 1.37321 15
companiesshouldpracticemor
eCSRactivities 3.2667 1.27988 15
Correlations

Companiescreat
ebetterimagebyb
anningproductio
nofdieselcars
companiesshoul
dpracticemoreC
SRactivities
Pearson Correlation
Companiescreatebetterimag
ebybanningproductionofdiese
lcars
1.000 -.130
companiesshouldpracticemor
eCSRactivities -.130 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed)
Companiescreatebetterimag
ebybanningproductionofdiese
lcars
. .322
companiesshouldpracticemor
eCSRactivities .322 .
N
Companiescreatebetterimag
ebybanningproductionofdiese
lcars
15 15
companiesshouldpracticemor
eCSRactivities 15 15
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Change Statistics
R Square
Change
F Change df1
1 .130a .017 -.059 1.41295 .017 .224 1
a. Predictors: (Constant), companiesshouldpracticemoreCSRactivities
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression .447 1 .447 .224 .644b
Residual 25.953 13 1.996
Total 26.400 14

a. Dependent Variable: Companiescreatebetterimagebybanningproductionofdieselcars
b. Predictors: (Constant), companiesshouldpracticemoreCSRactivities
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 4.256 1.031 4.130 .001
companiesshouldpracticemo
reCSRactivities -.140 .295 -.130 -.473 .644
Coefficientsa
Model 95.0% Confidence Interval for B
Lower Bound Upper Bound
1 (Constant) 2.029 6.482
companiesshouldpracticemoreCSRactivities -.777 .498
a. Dependent Variable: Companiescreatebetterimagebybanningproductionofdieselcars
Coefficient Correlationsa
Model companiesshoul
dpracticemoreC
SRactivities
1
Correlations companiesshouldpracticemor
eCSRactivities 1.000
Covariances companiesshouldpracticemor
eCSRactivities .087
a. Dependent Variable:
Companiescreatebetterimagebybanningproductionofdieselcars
Findings and analysis
Theme 3

Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
Peoplewillreferbuyingreplace
ddieselcarsfortheirwellbeing 3.8000 1.20712 15
CSRapproachesresultinelimi
nationofDieselcars 2.7333 1.22280 15
Correlations
Peoplewillreferb
uyingreplaceddie
selcarsfortheirwe
llbeing
CSRapproaches
resultineliminatio
nofDieselcars
Pearson Correlation
Peoplewillreferbuyingreplace
ddieselcarsfortheirwellbeing 1.000 .252
CSRapproachesresultinelimi
nationofDieselcars .252 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed)
Peoplewillreferbuyingreplace
ddieselcarsfortheirwellbeing . .183
CSRapproachesresultinelimi
nationofDieselcars .183 .
N
Peoplewillreferbuyingreplace
ddieselcarsfortheirwellbeing 15 15
CSRapproachesresultinelimi
nationofDieselcars 15 15
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Change Statistics
R Square
Change
F Change df1
1 .252a .063 -.009 1.21238 .063 .879 1
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

1
Regression 1.292 1 1.292 .879 .366b
Residual 19.108 13 1.470
Total 20.400 14
a. Dependent Variable: Peoplewillreferbuyingreplaceddieselcarsfortheirwellbeing
b. Predictors: (Constant), CSRapproachesresultineliminationofDieselcars
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 3.121 .789 3.955 .002
CSRapproachesresultinelimi
nationofDieselcars .248 .265 .252 .937 .366
Coefficientsa
Model 95.0% Confidence Interval for B
Lower Bound Upper Bound
1
(Constant) 1.416 4.826
CSRapproachesresultineliminationofDieselca
rs -.324 .821
a. Dependent Variable: Peoplewillreferbuyingreplaceddieselcarsfortheirwellbeing
Coefficient Correlationsa
Model CSRapproaches
resultineliminatio
nofDieselcars
1 Correlations CSRapproachesresultinelimi
nationofDieselcars
1.000

Covariances CSRapproachesresultinelimi
nationofDieselcars .070
a. Dependent Variable:
Peoplewillreferbuyingreplaceddieselcarsfortheirwellbeing
Findings and analysis
4.5 Summary of results
Based on the above results it can be concluded that due to ban of diesel many auto mobile
companies sales will decline. Also, their operations and growth of industry will be affected.
Besides this, many companies are dependent on diesel engines. Also, it is concluded that there is
a little relationship between two variables that are determined. So, change in one variable will
affect the other one. Moreover, they are dependent on each other. Furthermore, it can be stated
that the significance level of variable is less as compared to the standard value. So accordingly,
the null hypotheses can be rejected.

CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
5.1 Chapter overview
In order to consider results on discussion, it can be stated that auto mobile sector play
very important role in any country's GDP. It is integral part of every human life which lead to
growth of industries. It is backbone of the nation which continuously develop for together
contribution. This industry contributes maximum part in manufacturing sector so that in all over
the world many businesses operate at national level. Different products also manufactured which
play crucial role in transportation. In the industry, it is required implementation of transportation
so that vehicle generally enhanced from one industry to another. It is very important element for
whole nation to cope up with all other sectors.
However, it can be stated that manufacturing accounts continuously develop to make
successful results. Increasing demand of four wheeler products expected that in 2030 number of
vehicle will be more increase as population. Hence, drastic changes into auto mobile sector
develop in recent time. As results, it is essential to grow transport facility which also help to
develop country economy. Diesel engines and industries both are interrelated with each other
which create major impact on the performances. Main feature of engine support with large part
in every company. Therefore, banning of engine create negative impact and businesses will
shutdown. Beside this, advantages of this banned is to save environment from pollution. Hence,
naturally it creates effectiveness in successful way.
Most of the people agreed with the fact that inhaling emission of diesel is more harmful
than smoking cigarette. It is also result of increasing the risk of several air borne disease that is
impacting health of human. Due to pollution people are suffering from disease. There is rise
children, youngsters, old age people who are suffering from asthma. Hence, almost of people
agreed that banning diesel will mitigate risk of illness and other health complications. This leads
to suffering from asthma and different air borne diseases. Furthermore, it has been stated that
people strongly agreed that use of diesel engine is only responsible for increase in pollution
level. So if diesel is banned it will result in less number of asthma people. Along with this, it will
also provide a pollution free environment to public.

The level of pollution in environment is increasing day by day due to use of diesel
engines. It has enforced auto mobile companies to engage more in CSR activities so that it can
lead to providing green environment to society as well as wildlife. Moreover, it can be concluded
that it is necessary to change consumer behaviour so that people start buying electric car. So auto
mobile companies should restrict the use of diesel engine so that they can create a better image in
the market and society. This will encourage people to buy electric car. Apart from this,
companies must organise health care seminars and programs to create awareness about using
electric car for well being of humans. Moreover, it will also influence their behaviour to
approach for green approaches so that sustainable environment can be created.
From the data it can also be analysed that many clients think that diesel should be banned
in UK so that it can results in better environment. also, it has been observed that reduction in use
of diesel will led to decline in air borne disease and other health complications as well. It has
been analysed that diesel ban is in safeguard of public health. Companies that are engaged in
CSR activities should expand their area of CSR. They must be responsible as well so that it is
ensued by them that environment is protected. In addition to this, most of the people agreed that
government should reduce the price of other greener approach as replacement of ban of diesel.
This will help in using those approaches to a great extent by companies as well as people.
People also agreed with the statement that if auto mobile companies are effectively
engaged in CSR activities it will eliminate use of diesel cars. This can be done be either
producing electric car or making people aware. From this it can be concluded that people are in
favour of banning of diesel in UK. Additionally, they said that companies can create a distinct
image in the market. This means that they can improve their image by banning use of diesel
related products. Thus, improving image will benefit them in gaining competitive advantage in
auto mobile industry. with this they will engage more in CSR activities so that better atmosphere
can be provided to society. People also agree with the fact that contributing more towards CSR
activities reflects a positive image of company among people and in the industry. it will also
result in decline in level of pollution. Apart from banning the use of diesel engine, organisations
should also focus on other activities of contribution in CSR. This is because it is not sufficient to
control pollution just by following only one or two CSR activities.

However, it is beneficial for diesel engine to develop advantages for people and environment as
well. Pollution could be reduced with ban diesel engine which make several advantages for
environment and people as well. UK government also take step to use this in different countries
so that they can encourage reducing pollution in particular nation. This is because, it helps to
make healthy and green environment with several benefits as well. Proper nutrients must be
consider in soil so that pollution level will be decreases easily. Air borne disease also decreases
so that number of cases also minimised with green environment implementation. Better
atmosphere also increases as per expectancy of people. It leads towards healthy society. With the
help of implementation of CSR activities, companies also create proper contribution in society
for various people. Ban of engines also emphasis on development of hybrid cars. It helps to
decrease pollution level which enforce to do many effective things. Laws and regulations also
implemented by the businesses which allow use renewable resources. Efforts are also made to
protect environment so that it would be beneficial to motivate other.
Advantage of using engine is that businesses can produce goods at very low rate. It will
increase benefits to develop profit margin in successful consideration. There are main industries
where diesel engine could be used such as manufacturing businesses steel, sugar, etc. Durability
of machine also work for longer time. Boosting engine power in the companies produce large
amount of goods every day. Diesel engine is used as replacement when power cut due to any
problem of electricity supply. Hence, benefit is that production of industry is not affected. Usage
of diesel engine increased in industries continuously so that benefits also develop. Flexibility is
considered as opportunity that allow use of engine in areas of production. However, it increases
cost of electricity which also enhance expenses as well.

There are most of the enterprises depends on diesel engines so that it create several
benefits to make desired work performances at workplace. Diesel engine generally consider in
combustion which caused due to temperature of air and compression. In transportation and
electricity, it is generally considered to include elements such as locomotive, agricultural, etc.
With the help of using diesel engine, soil pollution, water pollution, etc. increases continuously.
Harmful gases are main reason with make changes in global climate and green house effects.
Diesel engine refined from crude oil which help to reduce emission when it burned. Main
sources to reduce harmful gases are ozone layer depletion, acidic rain formation of smog in
ozone.
When gallon of diesel fuel burned, it produced around 22 pounds of carbon dioxide
which effect on greenhouse gas. Diesel engine exhaust contain of high amount of carbon particle
which is classified in hazards air pollutants. Along with this, diesel create harmful particles in the
environment which are very serious for health issues in lungs that could be damage and reason of
death as well. This is because, in diesel tiny particles exist which could be passes through nose,
throat and lodge. Therefore, it can be a cause of respiratory conditions and create several
diseases such as asthma, etc. Furthermore, it also included certain elements of cancer cells in a
body that are serious for health issues. This kind of range of lung cancer increases condition of
patients. As per environment pollution, it can be stated that particles are also considered as
responsible for most of death which held in each year.
Moreover, there are several steps has been taken to reduce negative impact of diesel
engine with fleet emission. For instance, they had considered changes in fuel, reduce sulphur or
aromatics content. Therefore, it creates results for fast improvement in road and off road diesel
fleet. Apart from this, there are different ways for owner of the diesel engine such as people can
turn off engine when they are waiting it reduces pollution from environment. Owner also need to
consider small generators such as AC, heat or power when it parked, etc. With the help of petrol
engine, it can be replaced so that effectiveness increases. However, it is costly so that program
made in 2006 with low sulphur content. Policy must be made to make changes with using of
diesel engine. There are some diesel engines used for generating electricity.

Due to implement diesel engine, there are several negative things generated at workplace
such as reduce visibility, reasons respiratory health effects. Climate changes continuously create
adverse impact on people performances so that it need to be reduced which imposed several
restriction on companies to use this limit. United Nations also take certain steps for air pollution
reducing so that it regulate and control pollution that are related with matters. Agency also set
standard for diesel fuels so that petroleum industry consider low diesel engine fuels. These
engines are majorly used in different kinds of sectors so that it creates impact on air pollution on
society. Due to poor quality in air, it can be stated that health of people is affected with
surrounding atmosphere. It makes difficulties to live in particular place and they have no power
to move from one place to another. Along with this, people not get affected with proper facilities
for health care. Hence, it creates reason of cancer and death as well.
In order to implement renewable in the organisation, solar plants implement to
generate electricity. Ban of diesel engine also impact negatively on auto mobile businesses
because more cost occur to contribute to produce cars. It creates difficulties for people to buy car
which reduce profitability as well. On the basis of data analysis, it can be stated that main reason
of using diesel engine is to boost machine power. Hence, it assists to increase efficiency of the
enterprise to fulfil market demand. Only managers of the companies said that cost must be
reduced to make effective work performances. Many businesses use engines for more production
and using engines at great extent. Managers said that banning of diesel engines negatively impact
on operations of auto mobiles businesses. This is because equal amount of respondents said that
positive and neutral impact exist on business operations.
In the research, it can be stated that most of the businesses get poor impact with sales and
profit of companies on ban of diesel engines. Market value also declined so that businesses
unable to survive in the industry. However, in the data analysis, it has been understood that many
businesses get negative effect downfall in growth of other businesses. As results, it creates
adverse impact on the companies. From the description of data analysis, it can be said that
maximum managers develop hybrid car is more useful perspective so that solar energy also
continuously expanded with CSR activities. It makes positive impact with consideration diesel

engine. Banning of diesel engine impact negatively on growth of mobile industry. It leads to
downfall in GDP revenue so that great efforts made for nation development.
Maximum number of respondents said that ban of diesel engines create major loss which
reduce value of car as well. With the help of analysis, it can be stated that less cost consider with
better mileage so that low maintenance considered at workplace. As results, comparison will be
taken easily between petrol and diesel. Moreover, in other graph, there are certain people will
favour in order to ban diesel engine. This is because, they support to save environment and
increases effectiveness as well. It helps to reduce pollution with banning of diesel car. From the
analysis, it can be interpreted that maximum number of respondents said that diesel engine must
be minimised with engage more CSR activities and government also take strict rules and
regulations that protect to whole environment. Beside this, society also get better work
performances will implementation of diesel cars.
The data that was analysed from frequency table, it can be concluded that most clients
said that diesel car and engine should not be banned. This is because it will affect the growth of
auto mobile companies. They agreed that use of engines helps in improving the efficiency of
production. There is positive relation between pollution and diesel car. It has been identified by
doing the T test. In this it shows that how reduction in diesel car will provide a better atmosphere
to society. Furthermore, how it will enforce government to develop laws related to use of diesel
engines.
From this is can be analysed that managers were not in favour of ban of diesel car. This
can be evaluated from statistics that level of significance is .004 that means null hypotheses is
rejected. Due to ban of diesel engines operations will be affected. But there will be no impact on
environment. In dissertation another test is applied. Thus, by applying chi square test is observed
that value of p is less than 5. This means null hypotheses is rejected. It has been analysed that
there is positive relationship between ban and operations. Along with this, the value of
coefficients and correlation is being calculated. In this it is observed that .612 that shows due to
impact on operations, the sales and profits will be declined. It will affect the growth of auto
mobile industry. Moreover, another relationship can be described from results. The calculated

value of correlation is found to be .723. This shows the positive relationship between auto
mobile and other industries. It means that if growth of companies is affected it will also lead to
poor impact on steel, glass, etc. industries. This means that both sector are dependent on each
other. Any change in one will automatically affect the other. At last value of regression is .399.
This shows that if restriction are set by government it will lead to decrease in pollution level. So
they are directly relate to each other. Therefore, in order to control pollution it is necessary to
develop some strict rules and regulations.
As per results, it can be said that due to ban of diesel into many companies, sales is also
declined so that operations and growth affected. In order to summarised data analysis, it can be
stated that there is little relationship consider between two variables that determined to make
changes from one to another. Furthermore, they are also depends on each other which create
level of significance of variables that could be less compared with standard value. Hence, null
hypotheses can be rejected.

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Chapter overview
In this chapter, findings and analysis from the present report has been identified with
consideration of different resources in it. Due to changes in dynamic world, industries and
environment both affected. Due to pollution, environment get affected adversely so that
government take strict actions towards it. This chapter helps to portray perfect picture of whole
dissertation and its thesis. Furthermore, it helps to deliver ideas whether purpose of present thesis
has been completed or not. In this way, conclusion has been made to summarise and analysis
thesis. Along with this, present chapter consider importance of auto mobile industry for growth
of GDP in particular nation.
On the basis of thesis, it can be stated that recommendation for the present dissertation
has been taken recommendation to improve diesel engine replacement. Furthermore, as per rules
and regulations, it is important to run different activities in several areas of the world. Hence,
research has been taken to contribute effective results in whole program. In different chapters, it
can be stated that understanding develop successfully to cope up with country and business
development.
6.2 Conclusion
In first chapter, it has been concluded that overview of whole report consider to focus and
maintain effective results. Therefore, it included introduction, background, aim and objectives,
methodology outline, significance of research, etc. In this consideration, basic knowledge
towards the report has been gain successfully. Furthermore, in second chapter literature review
taken in which different authors views ascertained to find relevant results. It helps to gain
knowledge towards industry and growth of it. Along with this, it provides importance of diesel
engine in companies to work in significant manner. In business environment, it assists to make
implementation of climate change and green house effects. On the basis of secondary data and
information, recommendation ways implemented to minimise use of diesel engine.
Moreover, in chapter third research methodology included different elements of research
such as philosophy, approach, strategy, design, data collection, data analysis, etc. All these tools

of research helps to find more relevant outcomes at workplace. It assists to gather relevant and
effective information to deal with auto mobile companies. Along with this, in chapter 4 results
and analysis taken in which primary data has been taken through conduct survey. There are
different questionnaires has been design such for people. Hence, SPSS tools used to carry
research findings and analysis. On the basis of analysis, it can be articulated that most of the auto
mobile enterprises using diesel engine for manufacturing cars. Only few businesses not using
engines. Hence, it can be said that highly businesses depends on diesel engines.
With the help of graph analysis, it can be summarised that managers of auto mobile
industries said that diesel engine create negative impact on operations of companies. However,
equal amount of views considered that positive and neutral impact ascertained on results. Due to
ban on diesel engine, sales and profit get affected so that it is important to focus on this point. It
impacts negatively on market value because it continuously declined to survive in the industry.
6.3 Research implications/ recommendations/ contributions
With respect to focus on present dissertation, it can be stated that auto mobile industry
should consider several aspects to develop desired results. In this consideration, following
recommendations have been made and focus to develop effective outcomes in industry: Implement diesel engine in auto mobile industry: In order to provide recommendation, it
can be stated that auto mobile industry must determine diesel engine in their work. This is
because, it helps to develop significant advantages and reduce work load as well.
Furthermore, it also assists to work smoothly in industry and make desired results. It will
assist to increase desired results to gain more GDP in the country. With the help of
different resources, economic advantages also develop to find appropriate results. Recruit experienced people: Auto mobile industry should also consider recruitment of
experienced people at workplace. It assists to focus on gathering relevant work
performances with using innovative and creative results. When company recruit
experienced people, cost will be reduced to provide them training. As results, auto mobile
industry will able to communicate their benefits and increase revenue as well.

 Industry participants: Market is also open for greener vehicle so that auto mobile
industry should consider renewable energy to make global foray. Greater focus on export
opportunities could be tap into worldwide operations so that technology continuously
develop. Cost effective and global standards also examined to penetrate market and
enhance desired work performances. IT processes must be implement with greater
specialisation which reduce investment need in the whole country. As results, it develops
systematic work performances on demographics elements. Better link must be created to
support industry to maintain green vehicle.
 Policy implementation: Several countries has no benefit with implementation of hybrid
cars. Therefore, it must be imported due to low volume in which appropriate redesign
framework set immediately. With the help of consumers incentives, auto mobile industry
will be encourage work in expansion manner and turn for better products.
6.4 Research limitations and further research
In order to consider present research, there are several limitations exist in front of
researcher. They are as follows: Lack of participants participation: Due to lack of participants participation, researcher
unable to get appropriate findings and analysis. Furthermore, it also reduces effectiveness
to gather proper communication in whole program. In order to gain their participation,
researcher must focus on views of all people in whole dissertation. As results, they will
able to find relevant work performances at workplace.
 Lack of money and time: Another limitation of the present research is that researcher has
specific amount of money so that it create impact on appropriate findings. Apart from
this, limited lime also create limitation in present research to find appropriate results at
workplace.
Further, research areas
 To analysis impact of employees performances in respect to increase profits and revenue
in auto mobile industry.

 To identify factors that incorporate changes in growth of auto mobile industry.
 To identify impact of organisational changes on business profits and revenue in auto
mobile industry.

REFERENCES:
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forthcoming ban on the sale of petrol and diesel vehicles. Transportation Research Part
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Fattah, I.R., and et.al 2014. Effect of antioxidant on the performance and emission
characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with palm biodiesel blends. Energy Conversion
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engine in terms of performance and emission parameters. Applied Energy, 138, pp.11-20.
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Appendix
Questionnaire
Objective 1
To assess the reliability of banning diesel to protect and safeguard public health.
Q-1 Banning diesel will result in providing a better and sustainable environment to the
society.
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree
 Agree
Q-2 Inhaling the emissions of diesel engine is more harmful than smoking cigarettes.
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree
 Agree
Q-3 Diesel engines releases highly toxic and harmful substances, impacting both human
beings as well as the environment.
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree

 Agree
Objective 2
To determine the extent to which banning diesel engines can curb health hazards in
society.
Q-4 Banning diesel will result in reduction of Asthma in people.
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree
 Agree
Q-5 Banning diesel engines will assure a pollution free environment for the public.
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree
 Agree
Q-6 Diesel ban will mitigate the incidence of air-borne illnesses and other health
complications.
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree Agree

Objective 3
To ascertain the contribution of UK based automobile companies in banning diesel
engine as a way of fulfilling their corporate social responsibilities (CSR).
Q-7 Banning of diesel will enforce companies to engage more in CSR activities.
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree
 Agree
Q-8 Public will have free access to clean environment through fewer and greener
equipment’s.
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree
 Agree
Q-9 Effective CSR approaches can result in the elimination of Diesel engine cars.
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree
 Agree
Q-10 Companies can create a better image in market by banning the production of diesel

engine cars and contribute more towards their CSR
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree
 Agree
Q-11 Decrease in the level of pollution through diesel engine ban depicts a responsible
approach of automobile companies.
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree
 Agree
Q-12 Auto mobile companies should practice some more CSR activities apart from
reducing the use of diesel engines?
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree
 Agree
Q-13 The increase in pollution is only because of auto mobile companies that uses diesel
engines?
 Definitely disagree

 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree Agree
Objective 4
To analyse the influence of undertaking CSR on customer’s buying behaviour.
Q-14 Change in consumer behaviour will enforce auto mobile industry to produce
sustainable electric cars?
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree
 Agree
Q-15 Government should reduce the prices of other greener approaches, as a replacement
of diesel engine.
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree
 Agree
Q-16 People will surely refer buying the replaced diesel engine cars for their own
wellbeing.
 Definitely disagree

 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree
 Agree
Q-17 Substituted diesel engine cars with other greener approaches is evident to reflect a
responsible working of automobile industry.
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree
 Agree
Q-18 Organisations operating in automobile sector, getting more engaged in CSR
activities through diesel ban is apparent to change consumer’s behaviour.
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Definitely agree
 Agree
Q-19 Industries related to auto mobile sector should also be responsible to practice CSR
activities?
 Definitely disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral