Assessing the Impact of Fast Food Consumption on Individual Health

This report investigates the growing trend of fast food consumption in India and its significant impact on individual health. The introduction highlights the increasing popularity of fast food among young people, driven by lifestyle changes and urbanization. The literature review explores current trends, emphasizing the rise in fast food consumption and the factors influencing it. It also details the adverse health effects, including obesity, chronic diseases, and potential cognitive impairments. The research methodology section outlines the quantitative approach using SPSS for data analysis to determine the precise results. The report's aim is to determine the impact of fast food consumption on individual health, with objectives to ascertain consumption trends and explain the negative health impacts. Research questions address the latest consumption trends and the adverse effects of fast food. The rationale emphasizes the importance of understanding these trends for future health implications. The report concludes with a discussion of the findings, a timeline for the proposed plan, and recommendations for addressing the health concerns associated with fast food consumption.

Assessment

Table of Contents
COMPONENT 2: PROJECT..........................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Background..................................................................................................................................3
Literature Review........................................................................................................................4
Research Methodology................................................................................................................7
Discussion..................................................................................................................................10
Time table for the proposed plan...............................................................................................12
Conclusion and recommendations.............................................................................................13
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................13
Recommendations......................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

COMPONENT 2: PROJECT
Topic: “fast food consumption upon individual’s health”
INTRODUCTION
Fast Food culture is one of the fast developing cultures in entire world. It is describe as a
quickly prepared and reasonably price and readily available alternative of home cooked food. In
every country, because of changing youngsters lifestyle, most of the people also start consuming
thee fast food because it is easy to make and consume. In the same way, the current study will
shed a light upon negative impact of fast food consumption upon the people’s health. For the
current study, researcher uses quantitative research study in which different respondents are
selected in order to determine their views related to topic so that it will help to meet the define
aim and objectives. Further, the current study will also help to examine the trend of fast food in
India and as there are many factors which influenced the Indian Culture and its living standards
and that is why, it lead to promote fast food culture in entire world. Through data analysis, the
study will also discuss the findings and helps to answer the research questions as well.
Background
The concept of fast food is prevailing from last many years in entire world. As in India
the taste and flavors of food preparation keep changing from one state to another. Such that in
early age, mostly people prefer to home cooked food but after the urbanization, the entire
scenario changes. The sudden change in people lifestyle also added to consume fast food instead
of home cooked food. That is why, Indian fast food industry is widening day by day but it also
has many drawbacks, one of them is negative impact upon the health of people (Majabadi and
et.al., 2016). Hence, fast food culture is continuously rising trend among the youngsters whether
they belong to middle class people or lower middle class people. Moreover, consumption of fast
food has become a global phenomenon and India’s fast food industry is also expanding at the
rate of 40% in every year.
So, the great taste and attractive appearance along with best advertising plays a major
role in order to attract the people towards them. But on the other side, current world’s adaptation
to a system of consumption of fast food has resulted in variety of adverse effects on health. In

the same way, current study also shows how the trend of consumption of homemade food change
towards a fast food among people. Also the study will also present the negative impact of fast
food consumption upon the health.
Aim: The aim of this study is To determine the impact of fast food consumption upon
individual’s health : A study on India”
Objectives
 To ascertain the trend of fast food consumption in India
 To explain all negative impact of consuming fast food upon people’s health.
Research questions:
 What is the latest trend of fast food consumption ?
 What the several adverse effect of fast food consumption upon the health of people?
Rationale
The reason for choosing this topic is such that it will help to determine the current trend
in India and how its affect the overall lifestyle and health of Indian people. So, study on this
particular topic will help to increase existing knowledge which will further assist in future life.
Also, another reason to study on this particular topic is such that researcher have their own
interest to study on this particular topic so that they will also come to know the adverse impact of
fast food consumption upon human health. Further, another reason is such that may be
University assign to study on this topic and that is why, researcher have to study and answer the
research questions as well.
Literature Review
Theme 1: Current trend of fast food consumption in India
According to Mahmoodabad, Asadpoor and Lotfabad (2019) Southern California is the
first one who conceive the fast food industry and then the trends follows in other country as well.
Such that it becomes a regular diet of all the people whose age is in between 14- 21. In the same
way, India is also seen a massive rise in the consumption of a fast food from the last many years.
Therefore, there are various factor that helps to increase the take of fast food among youngsters

i.e. change in living standards, adoption of western culture will help to hike the fast- food
industry during 2011- 2015. This in turn affect the overall physical health of people in opposite
manner.
On the other side, Janssen and et.al., (2018) also stated that most of the people who live
alone are generally prefer to take fast food because it is prepared quickly without making any
efforts. As India is famous of its different culture and the food is changes from one place to
another but along with this almost 40% of the young generation is completely relies upon the fast
food and that is why, it leads to affect the entire behavior and physical changes in the body.
Yadav and Nath (2018) present their opinion in the study that this is consumption of fast food is
majorly changes the lifestyle of young generation people because its taste and physical
appearance attract most of the people towards them and as a result, it affect their overall physical
health and also changes their diet as well.
Moreover, Tengiz and et.al., (2019) share their views and state that income and
population increase the demand of food and changes the food habit of people because the food
intake study is also shows that majority of the people do not take healthy food which leads to
create positive impact upon their health. Instead of this, they prefer to pay amount and purchase
fast food, this increase the chances of intake fast food among youngsters. As per the record, India
did not stand in the top countries who eat most fast food, but still the increase rate of fast food
industry clearly indicate that people live in India are start influencing towards fast food and that
is why, from 2014 onward, there is a 40% growth in the fast food industry.
Theme 2: Adverse effect of fast food consumption upon the health of people
In the view of Ghofranipour and Tavousi (2018) there are many harmful effect off taking
Junk food upon human health. Such that author stated that overconsumption of junk food can
hamper the development and eventually affect the brand in negative manner. It also leads to
increase obesity which is consider one of the biggest disadvantage because it is a root cause of
making imbalance in health of a human being. Mason, Pearce and Cummins (2018) also stated
that when a people eat fast food on regular basis then it can lead to increase chronic disease such
that Cardio vascular disease, type 2 diabetes and non- alcoholic fatty liver disease. Research also

shows that Australian eat too much junk food and that is why, the rate of obesity is higher among
all other countries. That is why, easting fast food is consider unhealthy for humans.
As fast food contain high in sodium, saturated fats, trans fat and cholesterol which is not
good or health and eating too much food for a long period is leads to increase the blood pressure
and unwanted weight gain as well. on the other side, author also stated that it also leads to loss of
Memory and learning problem. It is so because a study published in American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition stated that people who continuously eat junk food are perform poorly in cognitive test.
As a result, it also leads to deteriorate the memory and weaker the brain as well (Harmful effect
of eating Junk food, 2019). overall, it causes to a sudden inflammation in the hippocampus in the
brain which is also responsible for loss of memory as well as recognition.
Majabadi and et.al., (2016) stated in their study that fast food is full with the high sugar
and fats which cause certain chemical reactions in a brain that also affect the functioning. As a
result it leads towards a depression because consuming high quantity of fast food, then body will
losses the essential amino acids and nutrients and this, these are the symbol of inability of brain
to deal with the stress and as a result, it leads a person towards a depression which affect the
overall person health in opposite manner. Thus, it is clearly reflected that taking fast food will
leads worsen appetite and digestion and this affect the complete body in negative manner.
Heiens, Pleshko and Ahmed (2019) stated that when any individual intake excessive
amount of fast food, then their respiratory system got affected in negative manner such that
excess calories from the fast food meals may actually cause weight gain and which further leads
to increase obesity. Therefore, this increase in obesity increases the risk of respiratory problems
which includes asthma and shortness of breath. This is mainly affect the children health because
study found that children who eat fast food three times a week are more likely to develop asthma
as compared to the people who do not intake the fast food. On the other side, Ghofranipour and
Tavousi (2018) also analyzed that junk food also cause short term effect upon the health such
that it’s a human nature to think about the risk and benefits over the short term rather than
determine the impact of choices which they have over a short term. Also, it has a long term effect
upon the health such that a few days of junk food could changes individual’s metabolism.
Further, a small study of 12 healthy young men found eating junk food for just five days will
also led to reduce the ability to their muscles in order to turn the glucose into energy. Though

they did not eat more calories as a part of the study. Also, it may lead to increase the diabetes as
well.
Research Methodology
It is the specific structure and techniques which are used by the researcher in order to
select and analyze the data which is relevant to a topic. Through this section, researcher critically
evaluate the entire study’s validity and reliability. There are many key aspect which are consider
under this section and its detail analysis is as mention below:
Research Type: There are three main types of research i.e. Qualitative, quantitative and
Mixed. Under qualitative, all non-numeric figures are used and it is also focus on gathering
information through open ended. While, in quantitative, all numbers are used and it is a
systematic investigation off gathering quantifiable data which is perform through statistical and
mathematical techniques (Kumar, 2019). Further, for mixed research type, research involves
collecting, analyzing and integrating quantitative as well as qualitative.
Among all, quantitative research type has been chooses by researcher in which SPSS tool
is used that helps to determine exact results as compared to qualitative research. This method
took time but provide accurate results that help to determine the impact of fast food consumption
upon individual’s health.
Research Philosophy: It is a notion about a way through which a data related to
phenomenon is gathered, analyzed and used. In a research study, it involves being aware and also
formulating the beliefs as well as assumptions. It is of four types I.e. Pragmatism which only
accepts the concept that are relevant and provide variety of ways to interpret (Fletcher, 2017).
Next is Positivism, which comply with the factual knowledge that is gain through observation or
primary research, third is Interpretivism, which involves researcher in order to interpret all
element of a study and also make assumption. Last is Realism, which completely relies upon the
idea of independence from a human mind.
Among all, Positivism research philosophy has been choose by a researcher because it
depends upon the quantifiable observation which helps to lead towards a statistical analysis. That

is why, in order to meet the aim and conduct the research in more precise manner. Researcher
chooses this strategy in which researcher will easily examine the impact of fast food
consumption upon the individual’s health.
Research Approach: It is the plan and procedure which consist of broad assumptions
into a detail methods of data collection as well as data analysis. So, it is also based upon the
nature of problem research (Mohajan, 2018). It is of three types i.e. Inductive, which is relies
upon the reasons that are start with an observation and theories are also proposed at the end of
the process of a research. Next is Deductive which is only concern with the hypothesis that is
also based upon the existing theory which is formulate in a research strategy. Last is Abductive,
which is introduce in order to address the weakness that is link with the deductive and inductive
research approaches.
Among all, researcher chooses Deductive research approach because it helps to determine
the relationship between the concepts and variables and in the current study, there are two
variables which are dependent upon each other i.e. fast food consumption and health of
individuals. Therefore, this is tested against the observation whereas other research approaches
actually finds a pattern within them. Using this strategy, researcher also answer research question
and easily meet the define aim in a specified time period i.e. to determine the impact of fast food
consumption upon the individual health.
Data Collection: It is the method which is used to collect the information that helps to
answer the research question and test the hypothesis as well. further, there are two types of data
collection methods such that primary and secondary (Bar-Ilan, 2019). Under primary data,
researcher collect the first handed sources such that surveys, experiments etc. On the other side,
under secondary research method, researcher uses already published articles and books in order
to answer the research question.
By referring to the current study, secondary data collection methods are used by the
researcher which help to meet the define aim and objectives. Under this method, articles and
Journals are selected from 2016 onward that assist to determine the impact of fast food
consumption upon the individual health. Also, this methodology further reach to address the
research question and conduct study in better manner.

Data Analysis: Data analysis is define as a process which is used for cleaning,
transforming and modeling the information in order to discover the information for taking right
decision for a business. Also, its main objective is to select the useful information from the
information and then take better outcome as per the requirement (Tyagi and Tripathi, 2019).
There are two types of data analysis such that qualitative in which non-numeric forms of data are
used, on the other side, quantitative data analysis in which numeric form are selected that assist
to answer all the research question.
Among all, thematic data analysis has been used by the researcher in which all the
observation are taken through which researcher determine the impact of fast food consumption
upon India. Further, this type also assist to meet the define aim and answer the research question
in better manner. Through this type, researcher also determine whether the fast food
consumption in India is high or low as compared to other countries and thus, researcher is able to
accomplish the define aim and objectives.
Data Validity: or the current research, researcher select some articles in order to collect
the data. In the same way, for the current study researcher select latest articles and books or
Journals which assist the researcher in order to attain the define goals. Thus, by collecting the
articles clearly shows the validity of data and these are published latest and that is why, data
validity is true for the research.
Ethical Consideration: for the current study, researcher has to make sure that the
privacy should be maintained and for that Data Protection act should be complied in which no
third party may use this research without the permission of a researcher (Hemming, 2019). On
the other side, it is also determine that all the relevant articles and books are used in order to
collect the information in better manner and it will also further assist to meet the define aim an
objectives of a research.
Limitation: For the current research, lack of time is the major limitation that affect the
entire project and sometimes it also delays the project too. Further, it is also analyzed that as
Indian people do not take fast food in frequent manner and that is why, the articles do not present
the accurate data related to Indian people fast food consumption. Therefore, it is difficult for the

researcher to present the exact outcome but determine that excessive in taking of food will
creates negative impact upon the entire body of a people.
Discussion
Theme 1: Current trend of fast food consumption in India
From the observation, it is discussed that sudden increase in the Junk food business is
consider one of the highly concern for the country and it is so because there are many negative
impact upon the health as well. it is also supported with the article under which Niven and et.al.,
(2019) stated that school children in rural India needs nutrition interventions in order to help of
in- taking the Junk food consumption. Further, study also reveals that the most popular junk food
item was chips which are consumed by 71% of the children and further, chocolates which is
consumed by 14% and then comes baked foods and sugary drinks. Along with this, researcher
also noted that most of the Junk food is consumed was from the shops outside school and during
the schools lunch time.
On the other side, researcher also observe that most of teenagers and youngster chooses
to eat fast food and this is because of their busy schedule. As foods which resembling vegetables
and meat take long time to cook properly while on the other side, easing anxiety is another factor
that force teenagers to consume the fast food. It is also supported by Petimar and et.al., (2019) in
which , author stated that results of this fast culture is accrued level of stress and anxiety which
further cause the body to expend additional energy and stimulating hunger for calorie- dense.
Thus, this shows that it clearly affect the overall system in negative manner and lead to cause
negative impact upon health. Beside this, Samoggia and Riedel (2019) also explain in their study
that fast food trends affect the youngsters and teenagers in fast way and as a result, they did not
see even the negative side of this.
Therefore, author state that fast food is typically void of fiber while vegetables and fruits
are full of fiber. But, people have to follow the trend and that is why, they mostly prefer to intake
of fast food, though it cause negative impact. Even as per the recent statistic of 2020, it is
analyzed that the Indian fast food market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate
of 18% and it is all because of sudden changing behavior and demography. Thus, it is clearly

analyzed that India is also sailing in the same boat of US when it comes to fast food
consumption. Montgomery and et.al., (2019) argued that US is one of the top country where
people completely depend upon the Fast food and that is why, the majority of revenue is also
generated through this sector only.
Thus, it can be stated that India is now consider a leading country where people also like
to invest into the fast food, while on the other side, people are also conscious related to health but
it is not applicable among young people. Currently the First Fiddle Restaurant is known as one of
the largest restaurant chain in India which is run by business tycoons Priyank Sukhija. Such that
the company also makes its efforts in order to make sure that it attract most of the customers
towards it. For that it mainly focus on the marketing strategies which help to let people know
about new offers made by company (Lee, O’Donnell and Hust, 2019). In addition to this, it also
focus on the innovative products and its presentation style that definitely help to attract range of
new customers towards it. Thus, it is clearly analyzed from the secondary study, that fast food
companies in India is frequently increases its chain because of increase in the demand of people
and this in turn helps to increase the overall economic condition of the country as well.
Theme 2: Adverse effect of fast food consumption upon the health of people
In India, most of the people prefer fast food because of low availability of time and the
good taste and effective presentation will also attract range of people towards it. As researcher
analyzed that Fast food contain fat and sugar that somehow affect the people’s life in opposite
way. It is so because many secondary article stated that high fat content leads to increase Blood
pressure among people, while on the other side, soaring calorie content with sugar lead to obesity
(Cadario and Chandon, 2019). Thus, it creates short term effect upon the people life and which in
turn leads to lack of energy as well. This it also supported by the literature review, in which
author stated that obesity increase the risk of respiratory problems such that shortness of breath
and asthma. Such that people face issue to walking, climbing stairs and exercising.
Many articles also stated that excessive consumption of fast food leads of effect on the
skeletal system i.e. bone. It is so because the food only contain carbs and sugar and that is why,
body lack of calcium and other important ingredients, as a result, bones affected in negative
manner. In addition to this, obesity can also lead to complications with the bone density and

muscle mass. Such that Sunderland and et.al., (2019) stated that people who are obese have a
greater risk and breaking bones that is why, there is a need to do regular exercise. But it is not
possible when the individual take fast food. Thus, it directly leads to affect the overall system of
the body in negative manner. Moreover, as per the article it is also analyzed that there is a
positive relationship between the frequency of consumption of fast food and body mass index.
This also reveals that when an individual start taking only fast food, then it will definitely affect
the overall body functioning in opposite manner.
Moreover, it is further explain by Izquierdo-Yusta and et.al., (2019) that in India the rate
of death is increase and cardio vascular is one of the major cause of death. That is why, it is
necessary to keep create awareness among people in order to determine the harmful impact upon
the body. Many researches also shows that eating poor quality of diet junk food leads to increase
obesity, depression, many digestive issue and cancer. Overall, this is leads to early death as well
and it is so because there is no proper ingredients use while cooking food and this in turn affect
the entire body functioning. Also, under the literature review section, it is also analyzed that fast
food is not good for health and this is due to containing high level of fat and some saturated fatty
acids that affect the body and also raise cardio- vascular issues in a body. That is why, eating fast
food everyday decrease the life and increase the risk of metabolic syndrome.
On the other side, it is also observe that impact of fast food also affect the nervous system
of an individual such that most off the food contain highly saturated fatty acid and this in turn
affect the brain function and memory in negative manner. As a result, people start losing their
memory and many time, they frustrated with this life and that further lead to cause death as well.
That is why, more than half of the secondary study proves that people of India should start
avoiding junk food and take healthy diet because it will assist to create positive impact upon their
life. In addition to this a study in the Journal Health Promotion Perspective determine that
sometimes irreparable effects of eating fast food on a person’s health and these risk includes
obesity, insulin resistance and different cardio- vascular disease as well (Heiens, Pleshko and
Ahmed, 2019). Thus, it clearly indicate that there is no positive sign of taking fast food, all the
study shows the adverse impact upon the body and relationship between the excessive fast food
consumption leads to increase the chances of early death.

Time table for the proposed plan
Activity
2019 2020
Septemb
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Octob
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Novemb
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Decemb
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Janua
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Fe
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Apr
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Ma
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Research area
Research Aim
and objective
Preliminary
research
Introduction
Literature
Review
Research
Methodology
Data Analysis
Conclusion
and
Recommendat
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Proof reading
Submit
dissertation
Conclusion and recommendations
Conclusion
By summing up above report it has been concluded that fast food consumption creates
negative impact upon the human body such that from the literature review it is clearly determine
that it affect the overall part of a human body and that is why, there is a need to control its
excessive in-taking. As per the literature review it has been concluded that majority of article are
in favor that fast food consumption creates direct impact upon body in negative manner. Such
that from the literature review, author stated that in India, the trend of fast food consumption is
increases frequently and most of the youngsters and children prefer it. Even they also know the
harmful effect of consumption of fast food but still they intake it. Thus, through a secondary
research it has been concluded that it directly affect the physical and mental health of an

individual and as a result, people suffering from obesity and it also affect the nervous system of
an individual as well.
On the other side, it is also concluded from the research methodology section that by
using quantitative research strategy, the results are generated in better manner as compared to
qualitative study. That is why, by using the Positivism research strategy, researcher collect the
information related to impact of fast food consumption upon the individual’s health. As the
entire study is based upon the secondary research and that is why, it is concluded that majority of
the article are in favor that it affect the human health and also, decrease the human’s decision
making skills too. Further, research methodology also concluded that researcher select Deductive
research approach and that is why, it helps scholar to conduct the study in better manner. In
addition to this, researcher chooses thematic data analysis in which all the articles which are
publish latest should be analyzed and review in order to get the exact information related to the
study.
Moreover, through the results and discussion section, it can be stated that Journals and
books state that diet with high sugar and salt saturated fat are major factor for disabilities such
that obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Even many research also present that there is a
positive relationship between the frequency of consumption of fast food and body mass index.
As a result, it is clearly identify that most of the individual especially young age people whose
age is in between 19 to 30 are consuming fast food and as per the trend they also prefer to rely
upon the fast food. This is the only reason of sudden growth of restaurants in India, as most of
the people know its side effect but still they prefer to take fast food without concerning about
their health’s future. That is why, it can be stated that majority of the due to having high rate of
cholesterol and saturated fat, there is a need to avoid such type of food because it may lead to
unwanted weight gain and some chronic disease as well. through results and discussion section,
it is also concluded by new research that people who eat highly processes food such that chicken,
then the chances of having cancer is also increases and this in turn affect the overall working
performance of an individual in negative manner.

Recommendations
From the above, it is recommended that there is a need to avoiding the junk food because
it has many side effects and that is why, creates awareness on junk food facts so that people
come to know about its harmful effect upon body. As a result, there is a need to encourage eating
healthy snacks and food which contain low in fat. On the other side, government should also take
an initiative in order to let the people know about the facts related to fast food consumption.
Such that the World Consumer Rights Day will also begin a campaign against the marketing of
unhealthy foods to children. Thus it is recommended that ban on marketing of fast food will help
to minimize the issue up to some extent and instead of this, there is a need to promote the healthy
food habits.
As people start conscious about their health and that is why, they prefer to take healthy
foods and by referring to the same, fast food restaurants should start offering healthy dietary food
which helps to attract the people towards it and minimize the health issues as well. On the other
side, for children, schools and University should also take an initiative in order to promote or
identify the promising strategies to develop fruit and vegetable environment which in turn assist
to maintain the positive and healthy environment to the people (Yadav and Nath, 2018).
Moreover, it is also recommended that news paper and media should research on the facts
and present the live and practical facts and figures related to fast food consumption and its
impact upon the individual. This will also help to analyze the impact of fast food upon health and
also by creating awareness among people will assist to minimize the issue and promote the
healthy life style as well.

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