BUSI 1359 - MBA International Business: Globalization Impact in India

This research paper, conducted for an MBA International Business course, investigates the multifaceted impact of globalization on the Indian business landscape. The study focuses on the social, economic, and technological effects, specifically within the retail industry. The report includes an abstract summarizing the methodology, which involves a mixed-method approach using both quantitative and qualitative data collected from employees and managers in the Indian retail sector. The paper delves into the research background, rationale, problem statement, and objectives, followed by an extensive literature review that explores the concept of globalization, its various impacts on the Indian economy, and the challenges faced by Indian businesses. The methodology chapter outlines the research philosophy, design, and data collection methods, including questionnaire design and sampling techniques. Findings and analysis are presented through quantitative (correlation and regression) and qualitative analyses. The research concludes with key findings, recommendations, and limitations, highlighting the significant influence of globalization on Indian businesses, with specific emphasis on the retail sector. The research paper covers various chapters including introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, and conclusion.

0RESEARCH PAPER
NAME: Paatil Vaishnevi Sunjjoy Course ID: BUSI 1359
COURSE: MBA INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS (JANUARY 2018) STUDENT ID: 001017914
TITLE: Impact of Globalization on Indian Business: Socially, Economically and Technically NAME
OF THE TUTOR: Nisreen Esmaael
Coursework Header Sheet
242162-29

1RESEARCH PAPER
Course BUSI1359: International Business Project Course School/Level B/PG
Coursework Dissertation Assessment Weight 100.00%
Tutor N Perra Submission Deadline 25/01/2019
Coursework is receipted on the understanding that it is the student's own work and that it has not,
in whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from
other sources it has been properly acknowledged in accordance with the University's Regulations
regarding Cheating and Plagiarism.

2RESEARCH PAPER
Grade
Awarded For Office Use Only Final Grade
Moderation required: yes/no Tutor Date

3RESEARCH PAPER
Impact of globalization on Indian retail industry: socially,
economically and technically

4RESEARCH PAPER
Abstract
This report had measured the impact of globalisation on the retail industry in India. The
research had developed hypothesis based on the problem identified. The critical literature had
been performed to understand the opinions and arguments of the past researches. This had
facilitated in identifying the research gap and the research methodology had been developed
to address the research gap. The study had used a mixed method analysis where both
quantitative and qualitative analysis had been performed by collecting data from 200
employees and 5 manager working in the Indian retail industry. The findings had been able to
successfully test and prove that there had been significant impact of globalisation on the retail
organizations in India. The research had developed valid conclusion by linking the objectives
to the findings and recommendations have been provided based on it. The major limitation of
the research is that it is only focused on the retail industry in India which is a developing
country and the impact would be quite different than retail industry in developed countries.

5RESEARCH PAPER
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction..............................................................................................................8
1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................8
1.2 Research Background.......................................................................................................8
1.3 Rationale of the Research.................................................................................................9
1.4 Problem Statement.........................................................................................................10
1.5 Research aim and Objectives.........................................................................................12
1.6 Research Questions........................................................................................................12
1.7 Research Significance....................................................................................................12
1.8 Research Hypothesis......................................................................................................13
1.9 Conclusion......................................................................................................................14
Chapter 2: Literature Review...................................................................................................15
2.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................15
2.2 Conceptualising Globalisation.......................................................................................15
2.3 Various Sectors of the Indian economy.........................................................................17
2.4 Effects of globalisation on Indian Economy..................................................................18
2.4.1 Pros of globalization...................................................................................................18
2.4.2 Cons of Globalisation..................................................................................................19
2.5 Impact of Globalisation on technology..........................................................................20
2.5.1 Information and Communication technology.........................................................21
2.5.2 Information technology...........................................................................................21
2.5.3 Communication Technology...................................................................................22
2.5.4 Transport Technology.............................................................................................22
2.6 Impact of Globalisation on Indian Society.....................................................................22
2.7 Impact of Globalisation on Indian Business..................................................................23
2.7.1 Empirical Analysis..................................................................................................24
2.8 Challenge of Globalisation for Indian Business.............................................................25

6RESEARCH PAPER
2.9 Gap Analysis..................................................................................................................25
2.10 Conclusion....................................................................................................................26
Chapter3: Research Methodology............................................................................................27
3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................27
3.2 Research Philosophy......................................................................................................27
3.3 Research Onion..............................................................................................................28
3.4 Research Approach........................................................................................................28
3.5 Research Design.............................................................................................................29
3.6 Research Strategy...........................................................................................................30
3.7 Data collection methods and techniques........................................................................30
3.8 Questionnaire Design.....................................................................................................31
3.9 Sampling and Sample size.............................................................................................32
3.10 Data Analysis...............................................................................................................33
3.11 Validity and Reliability of the Research......................................................................34
3.12 Research Limitations....................................................................................................35
3.13 Ethical Considerations.................................................................................................35
3.14 Time Horizon...............................................................................................................36
3.15 Summary......................................................................................................................37
Chapter 4: Findings and Analysis............................................................................................38
4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................38
4.2 Reliability and Validity..................................................................................................38
4.3 Quantitative analysis......................................................................................................40
4.4 Pearson’s Correlation.....................................................................................................54
4.5 Regression Analysis.......................................................................................................59
4.6 Qualitative Analysis.......................................................................................................61
4.7 Discussion......................................................................................................................63
Chapter 5: Conclusion..............................................................................................................64

7RESEARCH PAPER
5.1 Key findings and conclusion..........................................................................................64
5.2 Recommendation............................................................................................................64
Reference List..........................................................................................................................65
Appendix..................................................................................................................................70

8RESEARCH PAPER
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction
The term globalization refers to the concept of integration on an international level. It
proactively encourages the establishment of world trade and develops various modern ways
of communication, which assist in the conduct of business. According to Giddens (2018), the
concept of globalization further strategizes the financial markets to be internationalized. In
short, it is an effective procedure by which the entire globe is combined in order to unify as
an individual society. The following research aims at recognizing the social, economic and
technical impact of globalization ion the business sector of India. According to various data,
it has been observed that globalization had entered the Indian market sector around the 1990s,
and is still one of the major components behind the global success of various Indian business
organizations. The economic impact of globalization can be best interpreted through the
modern, multidimensional agreements that are structured for services, communications etc. in
Indian markets.
1.2 Research Background
The concept of globalization can be best defined as a system that enables various nations to
conduct business in a cooperative manner order to increase the global economy. Practically,
globalization can be considered as the integrated performance of the various societies as well
as the economies across the globe. Implementation of globalization is of paramount
importance in order to develop the current state of the infrastructural structure, means of
transportation and communication. As opined by Gozziet al. (2015), this process requires the
exchanges to be made in the social, economic, technological and political areas across
nations. Historically, use of the term "globalization" was first recorded during the 1980s,
when the implementation of computer technology had effectively done international business
easier and quicker to be conducted (Schmukler and Abraham, 2017). Therefore, it can be said
that the theory of globalization was mainly established while considering international
business as the main component. Globalization efficiently unifies individuals, organizations
as well as governments belonging from different countries altogether, which justifies the
preceding statements.
While discussing the concept of integration, it must be acknowledged that recognizing the
distinct types of integration is of paramount importance. Theoretically, integration is divided
into two different forms - positive and negative integration (Basu, 2016). Positive integration

9RESEARCH PAPER
is primarily focused upon the standardization of policies and laws of the international
economies. On the contrary, the procedure of negative integration revolves around breaking
down of the various quotas and tariffs, which constitute the trade barriers.
Globalization is classified into four different levels, which constitute the integration of this
broad concept. It has been observed that the business organizations across the globe follow
the code of conduct of either one of the four general levels. The first level is addressed as
multi-domestic, which enables a business organization to spread its units in various nations
across the globe in order to work independently. However, usually, very less communication
takes place among the units in this level. The subsequent level of globalization is
international, which enables an organization to maintain various branches in different
countries while maintaining the main headquarters in a specific country of origin. The third
level of globalization can be addressed as transnational, which enables an organization to
operate by maintaining moderately integrated units of their business operations in different
countries. The companies following the transnational level of globalization primarily focus
on the operational needs on a local dimension.
The fourth level of globalization enables an organization to do business in a truly global
dimension. The companies following this level of globalization strictly consider the whole
world as an individual market base (Glavina, 2015). Therefore, their business strategies are
structured on a global approach. These companies are primarily concerned about
accomplishing global success, which requires them to study every single country as a subject.
Many have argued that the fourth level of globalization is the most appropriate level for every
company to follow in order to implement globalization. However, it must be noted that it is
considered very hard in order to implement this level in an organization, and it requires very
efficient management to achieve it. India is renowned for its vast population base of around
1.32 billion citizens. As opined by Abroet al. (2017), the Indian market is famous for
acquitting the 2nd position in the global two-wheeler automobile market. The social and
technological impact of globalization is reflected through the rapid expansion of software and
telecom services industries in the Indian market. Furthermore, various internationally famous
brands are proactively making investments in the Indian industry.
1.3 Rationale of the Research
The purpose of the rationale of research is to determine the various reasons that lay the
foundation of a specific research study. The following research is conducted in order to

10RESEARCH PAPER
interpret the various impact globalization has on the social, economic and technical areas of
Indian markets. It has been observed that the various strategies of globalization and
liberalization implemented during the nineties had birthed various measures. These measures
had opened various opportunities for the Indian economy to expand effectively. As a result,
the modern policy regime that had birthed effectively moved forward in order to assist in the
establishment of a more comprehensive and market-aligned economy in favour of Indian
markets. The contribution of globalization in the expansion of the employment sector of
Indian markets is of paramount importance. It has been witnessed that recently the Indian
companies are proactively expanding at an international level and becoming significant
names in the area of globalization (Bartschet al., 2016).
1.4 Problem Statement
What is the issue?
The incident of globalisation has a vital role in case of the overall development of the Indian
business and specifically the free movement of goods and services as the result of
globalisation has rapidly impacted Indian economy and society. It has been argued that these
sorts of movements have brought Indian economy closer along with making this more
strongly integrated. In this globalisation led era, considering from overall perspectives, the
growth of Indian business is mainly attributed to a wide range of aspects in Indian society and
economy, which are significantly affected by globalisation (Banerji, 2017). The economic
growth, stability and social equity aspects, as well as technological developments, are some
of the most critical aspects in this regard. Therefore, this has become a real problem to
identify how exactly the globalisation associates aspects have influenced the economy, social
factors and technological development.
As the fact of globalisation has brought significant opportunities as well as a different range
of resistance to the overall business growth on the country, it is important to note what are the
actual areas of Indian technology, society and finance affected by globalisation and how
precisely this has affected Indian trade and business. Hence, exploration of the importance of
globalisation on Indian business from technological, financial and social perspectives has
been the main issue here, without which, the Indian business organization cannot develop
their overall business operational strategies in India.

11RESEARCH PAPER
Why is it an issue?
Globalisation has led to rapid change in financial restructuring, and social categorisation in
the country and the overall business perspectives in India have explicitly been based on the
rapid unrestricted flow of goods and service and attaining the advantage of free economy and
FDI. The factors like mode of isolation, economic inefficiency level, backwardness in society
are closely related to the effects of globalisation on business. Therefore, according to Ullah et
al., (2018), gaining a proper concept regarding various social, technological and financial
factors affected by globalisation in India is very important for the business organizations and
industries. Comprehending the impacts of these factors on business would help the
organizations in developing their growth strategies of business operations. Therefore, without
having a proper understanding of the exact impacts of globalisation on Indian business from
the perspectives of social, technological and financial would affect the business growth in
adverse ways. Hence, this is the main issue here.
Why is it an issue now?
The current research study is aimed at gaining an adequate understanding of the impacts of
globalisation on Indian business and associated areas, specifically from the perspectives of
social, technical and financial areas. Therefore, exploring the exact impacts of globalisation
in these three areas and its overall impacts on Indian business has been the main subject of
this study. Hence, this specific area has been the main issue here.
What the research sheds light on?
The research sheds light on some of the most critical aspects of social, technological and
financial areas of Indian business that are hugely affected by globalisation. The research has
helped in detail exploration of all those factors that are being affected by the globalisation
along with finding the exact ways in which these factors are influencing the overall growth
and development of Indian business. Simultaneously, the study has also tried to shed light on
an exploration of the possible adverse impacts of globalisation on Indian business.
Therefore, the research has taken into consideration some of the most important aspects of
Indian business areas that are affected by globalisation.

12RESEARCH PAPER
1.5 Research aim and Objectives
The present research is aimed at investigating the overall impacts of globalisation on Indian
retail industry. The study is specifically aimed at examining the influence of globalisation on
the social, technical and economic aspects of business in India.
The principal objective of the research is,
 To examine the social, economic and technological impact of globalisation on Indian
retail organizations
The secondary objectives of the research are as follows,
 To examine the overall importance of globalisation for Indian retail organizations
 To examine how exactly globalisation has affected the social aspects of Indian retail
organizations
 To examine how globalisation has impacted the financial aspects of retail
organizations in India
 To investigate the impact of globalisation on technology development on Indian retail
industry
1.6 Research Questions
The research questions of the present study are as follows,
What is the actual importance of globalisation on different aspects of Indian retail
organizations?
How has globalisation affected social development in India and how has this influenced
Indian retail businesses?
What are the actual areas of the Indian economy that are influenced by globalisation and how
has this affected the Indian retail organizations?
How globalisation has affected technological development in India and thereby the overall
business scenario in India?
1.7 Research Significance
The current research has considered the facts of overall Importance of globalisation in case of
Indian business and this is very important for the Indian business sector to know the exact
factors that are affecting them under the rapid influence of globalisation. To know the impact
of globalization on Indian technology, society and finance would better allow the business

13RESEARCH PAPER
sector in realising the real importance of globalisation for their business and thereby
developing their future operational strategies based on these findings. Therefore, this
particular research will be valuable for business organizations in India along with helping the
Indian Government in adopting important measures for Indian business development under
the globalised business world. This will also be a valuable resource of information for the
students of business, finance and socio-economic areas, along with helping the future
research initiatives in similar fields.
1.8 Research Hypothesis
H0: Globalisation has no significant social, economic and technological impacts on Indian
retail organizations
H1: Globalisation has significant social, economic and technological impacts on Indian retail
organizations
The purpose of a research structure is to illustrate the outline, which assists the researcher in
order to conduct the research.
Chapter 1(Introduction)
The introduction chapter effectively provides the structural outline of the particular research
being conducted. It comprises the research background, rationale, aims, objectives etc.
Chapter 2 (Literature review)
This chapter expertly analyzes the different models and theories that have assisted the
researcher in order to acknowledge the previously existing literature regarding the area of
research.
Chapter 3 (Research methodology)
This chapter discusses the various procedures that were used in order to conduct the research.
Chapter 4 (Data Analysis)
This chapter briefly presents the primary data gathered in order to generate the research
findings.
Chapter 5 (Conclusion and recommendations)

14RESEARCH PAPER
This chapter comprises of the various discussions and recommendations related to the topic
of research.
1.9 Conclusion
It is to conclude from the above discussion that this specific chapter has presented a
compelling and brief overview of the overall areas of this research study. Individually, the
chapter has presented the background of the research, overall significance and rationale as
well as the main aim and objectives s of the study. Therefore, this chapter has been helpful
for the readers in better understanding the specific aim and objectives of the study.

15RESEARCH PAPER
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
In the present chapter, the researcher has presented a brief overview of the relevant literature
studies to gain the most valuable information and data regarding the research topic and
associated areas. A critical analysis of the opinions and views of different researchers and
scholars have been presented here. Therefore, the current chapter has been of higher
significance for the smooth continuation of the present study.
2.2 Conceptualising Globalisation
Globalisation is a process that defines the interdependence that is growing between different
economies around the globe. The term "Globalisation" refers to the alignment of various
economies of the region through global economies with the help of trade vehicle,
technological advancement, the flow of capital, FDI as well as the migration of vast scale.
The economic liberalisation took place in the year 1992, and the aftermath of liberalisation,
freedom was tasted by the Indian economy in a real sense. The policy of LPG comprises
some basic premises:
1. Disinvestment: The public sectors were sold to the private sector
2. Devaluation: Indian currency was devalued by 17-18%
3. NRI Scheme: Same benefits were received by NRI as FIIs.
4. Allowing FDI: FDI was permitted in both defence sector and Insurance
A new horizon was opened to the policy of the Indian economy and privatisation was
embraced largely. The first footprint of globalisation was served by it. Because of the global
interdependence that is increasing, the formulation of economic policy does not happen in
isolation but from the world outside.
Globalisation is a buzzword while society is talked about and it can be defined a way of the
integration of the government policies of worldwide, social movements, culture, financial
markets with the exchange of ideas and trade. As opined by Baarset al., (2016), the
acceleration of globalisation has been done employing transportation and communication, the
image of the unification of the world is given. Globalisation is considered as an unaltered
way and would continue through 80% of the population of the world has access to reception
of television whereas only 30% has access to the credit or consumer cash. As opined by

16RESEARCH PAPER
Bayliset al., (2017), Professionals give opinions that are different regarding globalisation as
well as its effect. The Portuguese, Chinese traders, are available in different parts around the
globe.The impact is not as severe as it seems, the goods were not just brought by the
merchants, but the ideas and the ideologies too. The people who arrived next are the
Mughals, religion, their own beliefs as well as ways of life. A traditional and gradual way of
life was influenced by this. Social practices, ways of life, the culture changed a great deal.
Self-awareness and the values of Indian society brought an end of the traditional ways of life.
The educational system and traditional schools were revolutionized by the British rulers. A
global perspective was given by the Indians for the first time by making them change
receptive and opening minds. However,it is the internet, which has a huge impact. According
to Epstein (2018), the global practices, values, trends have been exposed to Indian society by
social media, World Wide Web as well as television. The term “Globalisation” implies
something that is covered by the entire world and is not confined to any country. With the
technological and modern development, the unification of the entire world is done as a global
village.
The term “Internationalism” is applied as a political process. The increasing social, political
as well as cultural relations have been highlighted by this process. The process of
globalisation aims at the integration of the system of the entire world. The term globalisation
varies from person to person. The targeted economic growth is not achieved by the socialistic
economic system as well as a mixed economy. The massive loss was encountered by the
public sectors due to red-tapism, corruption, bureaucratic inefficiency as well as ignorance of
the managing authority (GwoĨdziewicz, 2016). The profitable results were not produced by
the public sectors — capital crunch, the rise in price, lack of technical knowledge in the
growth of the economy. Before 1971, the Western countries that are developed industrially
encountered economic crisis. The big industries profit was lowered down by economic
depression. The intention of the market was the expansion of business in other countries. The
socialistic states demanded the privatisation of the public sectors. The requirement for
technological knowledge and foreign capital was realized by the third world countries, which
are underdeveloped (Kaufman, 2016). A precondition of globalisation was initiated by
economic liberalisation. Globalisation is a process that is negative, it refers to the eradication
of the protective economic policies, and its adoption was done by the national interest. The
trade barriers were created by the Government by aggravating the imposition of restrict ions

17RESEARCH PAPER
on the importation of foreign goods as well as the tariff’s rate. Globalisation refers to the
removal of the barriers that are negative for the flow of capital and goods smoothly.
There was a scarcity of resources for providing health and educational facilities to a
population with rapid growth. However, there was balance in the payment of deficit and
inflation of high rate.
2.3 Various Sectors of the Indian economy
Agriculture: The primary source of earning of India is agriculture, and over 50% of the Indian
population survives on it. Apart from this, raw materials and wage goods are provided by
agriculture. It has a natural endowment of 24 agro-climatic zones as well as colossal crop
diversification.
Every aspect of agriculture was touched by globalisation as the advancement of technology,
an enhancement that is based on quality as well as techniques of improved production.
Tremendous progress was made by the support of industries as marketing and farming.
Tremendous progress was made by three sectors of agriculture are marketing, farming and
support of industries.
A complete mechanism of farms was introduced by globalisation. Various techniques are
applied for the development of seeds as well as production. The entire sector was revitalised
by the introduction of seeds of hybrid varieties as well as organic. New techniques and
method of irrigation were also applied.
The issues as pricing competition, GM crops as well as compliance issues of WTO are likely
to be extended to the farmers by which the supports are limited.
Globalisation has facilitated the farmers in fetching new markets. A boost was given to the
exports of agriculture. The successful retailers from abroad have also been introduced who
work hard for feeding the nation. A continuous market and price for proper procurement have
also been offered by them. The activities of postproduction as selling have also been helped
by e-commerce.
The development of industries is considered as globalisations by-product since it has been led
to the fertilizer and machinery of farms that are highly sophisticated. A hike in the industry of
food processing because of increased consumerism.

18RESEARCH PAPER
2.4 Effects of globalisation on Indian Economy
Various countries are involved in trade with one another, but a tremendous boost was
received by it in the last three decades because of the International Monetary Fund policies,
World Trade Organisation and World Bank who worked on the developing countries agenda
as the USA as well as the other countries of Europe. The countries, which are
underdeveloped, are forced for adopting globalisation of full throttle by the introducing local
markets to world trade by the reduction of barriers that are artificial to the enhancement of
advanced means of transport and communication, unprecedented goods mobility,
internationalization of financial markets, labour and data was given boost to the globalisation
process. The interdependence of economy that is increasing is termed as “Economic
Globalisation” (Martell,2016). The execution of economic globalisation is done by the
reforms of neo-liberal economics. It consists of four components:
1. Unhindered capital movement
2. Free trade
3. Environment creation for free movement of labour
4. Environment creation for free technological flow
The main concern of globalisation is the expansion of investment and trade on a global scale.
It has to do with markets of finance and capital. The expansion happened in tandem and is
facilitated by the introduction of instruments of finance apart from stocks as Bonds,
Securities and Derivatives (Nadtochyet al., 2017). Apart from this, there is currency belt
training and has nothing to do with employment and production for the improvement of the
people’s living condition of people in countries around the globe.
2.4.1 Pros of globalization
The globalization process has an effect, which is dramatic on the Indian economy, and it
responded positively and swiftly to the measures that are mentioned below:
1. Fiscal deficit decreased to 4.8% in the year 1992-93
2. New companies were set up by the entrepreneurs of India over various industrial segments
in perspective of liberalized economic policies declared by the Government.
3. Growth in the middle-income group by which the domestic consumption was fuelled
4. There was an increase in the number of job opportunities.

19RESEARCH PAPER
5. It facilitated in the rapid development in ports, telecommunication roads, Insurance,
airports as well as the essential sectors.
6. The consumer’s benefits are low priced goods as well as goods of various range
7. The foreign companies were invited by PM Modi in recent times.
2.4.2 Cons of Globalisation
The improvement in the Indian economy was due to the difference in the Economic Policies
of Indian Government. The contribution of Globalisation was indirect;however, there are
some developments, which cannot be called as happy developments. The developments are:
1. The effect of Globalisation is the interdependence of the world economy and Indian
economy. It has become tough to the Indian Government for insulating its economy that is
influenced by the International economic conditions and International policies. Depth and
direction of the Indian economic activities are governed by the Global economy.
2. Globalisation has wholly eroded the "Swadeshi movement” spirit that has been run by the
Swadeshi movement”, the father of the nation. Availability of foreign products and
migrations of large scale have aggravated the Indian population’s exposure to reputed foreign
products. Global brands are now preferred by the Indians over Indian brands (O’Neill et al.,
2017) The well-established industries have been affected by Globalisation, which failed to
encounter the competition from the well-settled global players.
3. The fast and steep reduction in customs duties has carried away a broader part of the
market of India from the Indian industry and was passed on to the exports. New export
opportunities by the Indian industry were opened up by Globalisation, and it is difficult to
make a comparison to the loss suffered by it due to a reduction in the product demands of the
local market of two billion people.
4. The global technologies were adopted by the capital-intensive process as well as automatic
machinery. It has resulted in the unemployment of high rate and has become the greatest
challenge for the economy of India and today’s government.
5. Globalisation may be termed as a "double-edged weapon" by which the Indian consumers
were helped for the enjoyment of the global brands of high quality. The Indian Government
was helped by the globalisation for tiding over the problem of foreign exchange temporarily
as it got a loan from the World Bank.

20RESEARCH PAPER
Apart from the crisis on oil, the financial emergency was created by various factors in India
around 1991 while the currency of foreign reserves was decreased to two weeks. The factors
that were responsible for this kind of situation are mounting of fiscal deficit, a stagnant
economy, and deficits of the current account in International trade as well as inflation of high
rate before the coming years. Some drastic steps were demanded by such situation
incorporating significant changes in the structure in the policies of the Indian economy. No
option was available to the Government of India but accepting the precondition of the joining
stream of globalisation so that World Bank grants the loan. The reduction of the quantitative
restrictions was imposed through the system of licensing. The reduction of the customs duties
was also agreed from phases to level, which would be accepted by WTO.
2.5 Impact of Globalisation on technology
Globalisation was facilitated by technological advancement. The progress of technology is
considered as the main force for the driving of Globalisation. The enterprises of business
were compelled by the breakthroughs of technology in becoming global by aggravating the
scale economies as well as the size of the market that is required to break. As opined by
Pieterse (2015), the costs of communication and transportation are reduced by the
advancement of technology over the nations and the raw materials are facilitated by global
sourcing as well as other inputs. Globalisation is patented technology since the firm that owns
the patent is capable of exploiting the foreign markets in low competition. The global village
was emergence led by Information Technology. The barriers of place and time were reduced
by the World Wide Web in the dealings of business. The sellers and buyers are capable of
making a transaction at any part of the globe and at any time. Investments are also affected by
the change in technology.
The production of technology at a higher rate was confined to the affluent countries with
wages that are very high. In the developing countries, technology can be transferred easily,
and the production of technology might be amalgamated with wages that are low. The
services, which are labour intensive, are outsourced by the countries that are advanced from
the ongoing countries as India. The weight of commodities that are based on science is
continuously increasing in the foreign direct investment and world trade by the transnational
corporations (Qaim, 2017). It is considered as a significant vehicle for transmission’s
innovation all over the world. Energies are absorbed by technological and trans-border
scientific co-operation, firms and government resources. Significant consequences are born
by the developing countries for the action of the government as well as an attitude, which is

21RESEARCH PAPER
active enough, is implied towards the policies of innovation. New opportunities are provided
by the technological globalisation for development, but they would not be available without
giving effort for the absorption of innovation by learning endogenously.
Technology refers to the tool for the analysis of the competitive market. Technology might be
studied just like other commodities. The policy of technology consists of the sponsorship of
the Government Institutes by which technical information is processed, collected and
disseminated. The impact of the change in technology is creating tremendous transformation
in organising production, investment of capital, trade goods and the development of the
processes and new products. Instantaneous communication is permitted by the information
technologies which are sophisticated. Sectors are revolutionized by new materials which are
as diverse as communication and construction. Patterns of employment and productivity
which are long-standing are altered by the manufacturing technologies which are advanced.
The flow of goods and people have been significantly accelerated by improved transportation
of sea and air. The dynamic of technology and rate of innovation of rapid rate implies that the
comparative advantage lives for a short time. For maximising the returns, as the production of
shared agreements and transnational mergers are sought for collaborating the partners along
with the strengths and mutual interests. The developing and developed countries are
permitted for the efficient harnessing of technology, and it is expected that standards of high
living would be involved (Wiedmann, 2018). The global economy’s formation is driven by
Proliferation and rapid innovation of technologies and sometimes conflict with the concerns
of the nation regarding the maintenance of competitiveness and competitive advantage. It is a
transitional time for the government and the firms.
2.5.1 Information and Communication technology
The way of the present life is changed radically by the enhancement of communication and
information technology. The innovations of information and communication technology are
of small size. The development of digitalisation has made a remarkable impact in the field of
communication and Information technology.
2.5.2 Information technology
The internet refers to the network of computers that are working all over the globe and is
linked with the telecommunication. However, it was used in the United States by the defence
personnel. The usage of internet has been made an activity that is common in today’s world.
The World Wide Web refers to the accumulation of documents that are interconnected and

22RESEARCH PAPER
accessible in the usage of the Internet. The information is accessed by the people from any
corner of the world.
2.5.3 Communication Technology
Dramatic development was seen witnessed by the last decade in telecommunication
technology. A crucial role is played by the Internet in interconnecting people. Different
people from different countries can communicate with each other with the help of chat, e-
mail as well as video calls. The social lives and business has been revolutionized by
immediate communication.
Apart from the internet, voice mail, mobile phones and text messaging help in contacting
people instantly.
2.5.4 Transport Technology
A crucial role was played by the development in transport technology. The transport nature
was changed by the Industrial Revolution with the combustion of the engine as well as the
discovery of the steam engine. The development of technology in the industry of transport
has made an impact on road transformation, sea, rail as well as air travel. As opined by Steger
(2017), a dramatic improvement has been noticed in the transportation for personal usage.
The cars that are produced now are safer, faster as well as more efficient and run cheaply.
They are friendlier to the environment and not expensive.
The expansion of tourism has also been enabled by the transportation of airlines. Airline
travel has become faster apart from being more affordable. The change in technology permits
the production of similar amount output with the factors of production that are of the lower
amount (Shahbaz, 2015). Apart from the quantitative effect on employment, it is significant
to investigate the quantitative effect of technological change.
2.6 Impact of Globalisation on Indian Society
According to Narwal and Jindal (2015), globalisation has been one highly significant factor
for integrating and mobilising the cultural values of people in the Indian society and most
importantly, globalisation has provided a touch of international culture to the Indian people
and consumers. Globalisation mainly involves an economy that is opening up to rapid global
competition in business. This is globalisation that has led the Indian people in realising that
the importance of sharing cultural values and the importance of economic exchange. The
rural and urban life in India is affected by globalisation both in positive as well as negative
ways. Khan (2015) has studied the aspect of unity and diversity in global culture, which has

23RESEARCH PAPER
faced the advantage of reaching distant places as the impacts of globalisation and this is one
highly significant aspect for the Indian consumers, which has made them too conscious
towards maintaining brand awareness. When the cultural values of Indian people are oriented
towards receiving global views and thoughts, this has significantly led to the emergence of
new thoughts and consumption behaviour pattern of Indian society.
2.7 Impact of Globalisation on Indian Business
Globalisation, as the overall phenomena, has mainly impacted the business operations in
India by paving the way of more business activities, smooth flow of goods and business
capitals and enhancing the employment opportunity in a rapid pace. According to Ghosh
(2015), one of the most visible impacts of globalisation on the Indian economy has been in
the areas of developed specialisation and improvement in productivity. In the thoughts of
Ranjan and Tiwary (2018), on considering from the perspectives of the business market,
facilitating the aspects of open market policy and free economy has been a highly significant
factor of globalisation for the Indian economy. Wiedmann (2018) has agreed that
globalisation has led to the creation of greater competition among the Indian producers, both
local and foreign. It is worth observing that globalisation has led to rapid change in the
thinking and consumer behaviour as well as requirement oriented aspects of Indian people.
According to Ghosh (2015), this is the globalisation associated impacts that have mainly led
to free access of wide ranges of products and goods from the multinational brand for the
Indian consumers and therefore, the society has become highly conscious regarding the
enhanced quality of services and goods. Therefore, as the apparent reason, globalisation has
brought significant change in products-orientation and consuming pattern of people in Indian
society. This is one of the main reasons why the MNCs have excessively enhanced their
investment in Indian business market. Specifically, globalisation impacts on Indian society
and technological developments have attracted rapid investment in businesses of cell phones,
electronics, automobiles, fast food, tourism and retail business. In the thoughts of Shahbaz
(2015), globalisation has led to the creation of a hugely developed customer base in the
Indian market. The increased competition level has been one of the most effect ive impacts
of globalisation, and most of the top Indian business organizations have been able in
benefiting from this increased competition. Ghosh (2015) has asserted that enhance
investment in technology and production methods also have helped Indian business in
developing successful collaboration with international companies.

24RESEARCH PAPER
According toWiedmann (2018), globalisation has assisted the prominent Indian business
organizations like Tata, Motors, Asian Paints, Ranbaxy (medicines), Infosys (IT) and
Sundaram Fasteners (nuts and bolts) to emerge as global Indian brands. A host of services
like data entry, BPO, engineering and administrative tasks are being done cheaply in India by
various outer nations and developed countries. Shahbaz (2015) has delivered the view that
due to the impacts of globalisation, Indian has received a considerable consumer base of
almost 1.24 billion people till 2017. There is also the advantage of performing multilateral
agreements in business and trades, which also has created enhanced demand for a free flow of
intellectual properties, communications. The market economic policies in Indian business are
being spread throughout the world with greater liberalization and privatization aspects in
business. Considering from the technological and cultural aspects in India, rapid growth in
the access of television and satellite by the urban and rural population India has helped the
business organizations in reaching a wide range of consumer segments in India. Apart from
these, as supported by Ranjan and Tiwary (2018), rapid financial flow, movement in business
capital and free economy have been some of the most influential factors affecting Indian
business.
2.7.1 Empirical Analysis
Past researches have aimed to measure the impact of globalization on different economies
including both developed and developing countries. A study conducted by Paul (2015), has
highlighted that globalization has enriched the quality of life rich and educated population but
did not have any significant impact on the poorer section that are still deprived. In context to
the performance of the economy, Venkatesh, Rathi and Patwa (2015) stated that there has
been there has been significant growth in the economy and globalisation has had significant
positive impacts. While conducting research in the same line, Mukherjee et al. (2014) opined
that globalisation has been a boost for the economy and has facilitated growth in diverse
business segments. The majority of the studies examining the performance of the economy
in post globalisation era have indicated positive results
De Marchi, Lee and Gereffi (2014) studied the aftermath of globalisation in the context of the
Indian economy which showed that there had been promising improvement by the dint of
success in developing effective information and communication technologies. Moreover,
dismantling of barriers among different countries have enhanced free flow of trade, finance,
investment, knowledge, information and technology which changed the structure and nature
of the industry. Agarwal and Yadav (2015) conducted a research on the impact of

25RESEARCH PAPER
globalisation on the local companies in India and the research highlighted that the local
companies have struggled to compete with the increase in market competition as large
number of foreign companies have made market entry due to free trade. This has led to
inequalities within the country where the cottage and small scale have faced major challenges
to attain sustainability in the market. (Malhotra (2014) conducted a study to analyse the
impact of globalisation on technological development which depicted the decrease in
employment due to implementation of capital intensive technologies.
Thus, from the analysis of the past literature it can be seen that there has been significant
impact of globalisation on the economy and business organizations. The changes in the
social, technological and economic environment in the country has both positive and adverse
effect on the different sectors in India.
2.8 Challenge of Globalisation for Indian Business
In Indian society, globalisation has led to the emergence of highly specific advantages
towards the development of Indian economy, technology and social status but this is also
worth mentioning that rapid impacts of globalisation in India have posted common threats to
livelihoods, employment opportunity and business security. In the thoughts ofRanjan and
Tiwary (2018), acceptance of the challenge of the global market has led to the development
of wide ranges of trade and non-trade related barriers to the overall business market of India.
As supported by Wiedmann (2018), one of the most significant threats of globalisation from
Indian perspectives is its rapid dependence on automation and computerisation techniques.
This is mainly leading Indian economy towards facing the problems of unemployment and
technical complexity in operational business processes.
2.9 Gap Analysis
The relevant literature has assisted the researcher in better conceptualising the importance
and implication of globalisation for the overall development of Indian business, along with
understanding its impacts on social, financial and technological perspectives of India. There
are significant ranges of information regarding how exactly globalization has impacted these
fields and its overall Impacts on Indian business. However, there is significantly less mention
about the negative sides of globalization on Indian business, especially in case of discussing
the threats of globalisation as revealed by modern researches. Therefore, this particular area
can be treated as a significant gap in the relevant literature, and there are ample opportunities
for this gap to be filled up by future research studies.

26RESEARCH PAPER
2.10 Conclusion
Globalisation has survived the time test and has evolved as strong. Diversification of
technology, employment, culture, economy and various things have been mentioned in this
assignment. The real challenge is encountered when the globalizationmerits become the
"bone of contention". Interest conflicts are likely to arise as well as shock the society several
times. Globalisation has brought about a radical change in almost every field be it social,
economic or technological. The changes are desirable; it has facilitated the people of India in
every field. People should embrace the changes that have been brought to it by Globalization
and look forward to the betterment of the nation.

27RESEARCH PAPER
Chapter3: Research Methodology
3.1 Introduction
The term research can be considered as the activity, which involves to find out the several
things that are unknown and most importantly in a systematic way. The methodology can be
considered as the philosophical framework in which one research can be carried out.
Moreover, this can be stated that one research is generally based on the methodology.
Research methodology is the chapter of the research that gives the descriptions of several
tools and techniques, which are utilized to conduct that specific research. This chapter is
highlighted several parts of the research such as research philosophy, research design,
research strategy, research approach. Which one of all these have been used by the
researcher, the reason behind the selection of those, and justification has been given in this?
On the other hand, the advantages and disadvantages of all the selected tools and techniques
and the reason for not selecting the other ones have been described in the research
methodology.
Research methodology can be thought as the framework, which can be associated with the
specific set of the paradigmatic assumptions. There are two primary criteria, which is very
necessary for carrying out the research methodology in all organized way. The criteria are the
first criteria of the research methodology are the methodology needs to be most proper to
obtain the objectives of the research. Moreover, the second criteria of the research
methodology are this must be made possible to replicate the methodology, which is utilized
in the other research of the similar characteristics.
3.2 Research Philosophy
Research philosophy can be considered as one of the broad topics. There are several criteria's,
which are very important for the research philosophy. The desertion needs to include all these
following criteria's. There are three types of research philosophy, and those are such as
pragmatism, positivism and interpretive or realism. Research philosophy deals with the
characteristic, source and the development of the knowledge. On the other hands, this can be
told that research philosophy is the belief regarding the process by following which all the
data and information are gathered, utilized and analyzed (McCusker and Gunaydin, 2015). To
carry out the following research, this can be found that the researcher has been selected the
positivism research approach. Positivism research philosophy can be considered as the most
effective philosophy for this specific research. This can be told that there are five major

28RESEARCH PAPER
principles of the positivism research philosophy and those are very important to know before
using this in the research. There is no dissimilarity in the logic of the inquiry across the
sciences. The research needs aim for the explanation and the prediction. Research should be
observable empirically through the human sense. Science cannot think the same as common
sense. Science needs to be free of value, and this must be judged with the help of logic only.
This research has chosen positivist view as it facilitates in conducting quantification of data
through implementation of various statistical techniques.
3.3 Research Onion
Research onion has been defined as one of the most useful tools in methodology. This tool is
generally helping the researcher to create the main divisions of this specific research. This
division can prove very useful after researching as this can be used for analysing the specific
research topic (Li and Chu, 2018). Research onion helps the research to make the application
of all the tools and techniques, which are used to conduct the research properly. There are
three main categories of the research onion, and those are such as research philosophy,
research approach, techniques, time, procedures and the choice. All the layers of research
onion provide the techniques and tools of research, and this can be thought as very important
to make the execution of research and obtain one beneficial outcome. As opined by de Brún
et al. (2016), this can be told that the entire layer in the research onion is very significant to
conduct the research and the research needs to make the application of all layers
appropriately. This can help them to do the research in a well-organized way and to gain the
better result of the research.
3.4 Research Approach
The improvement of the research philosophy can be considered as the primary thing for
competition of the research successfully. As opined by Wiesche et al. (2017), the research
approach is one of the most critical parts to research a well-organized way. Research
approach can be described as the set of different plans and the procedures, which comprises
to collect data and information and most importantly to understand and analyze all the
methods that are utilized. The research approach can be divided into two major categories,
and those are such as deductive research approach and the inductive research approach. To
conduct this specific research, the researcher has been chosen the deductive research
approach. For this specific research, this can be found that this is the most effective and
useful research approach.

29RESEARCH PAPER
The researcher has not selected the inductive research approach for a few reasons; this can be
found that the inductive research approach requires the development of the new theory for a
specific research topic. As stated by Meredith et al. (2018), this gives a brief explanation of
the pre-existing theories to help the researcher for getting a more in-depth knowledge of the
research topic. Deductive research approach provides a higher degree to this research topic.
Deductive research approach searches the known theory and examines the validity of that
theory in the given circumstances. This has been found that this approach follows most
closely the path of logic. Apart from that, deductive analysis can be described as the analysis
from general to particular. However, the inductive research approach can be considered as the
opposite. With the use of deductive research approach, the researcher gets three significant
advantages, and those are like chances to describe the casual relationships in between
variables and the concept. Apart from that, this is facilities by the chances for the quantitative
measurement of concepts and the chances for generalizing the findings of research to the
precise extent.
3.5 Research Design
There is much kind of definitions of the research design, which can be got from different
textbooks. This can be stated that few authors consider the research design as the choice in
between the two research methods such as quantitative and the qualitative. There are two
types of research design, and those are such as descriptive research design and the graphics
research design. Research design contains two essential components, and those are generally
known as the strategies of data and the gathering of data. To conduct this specific research,
the researcher has been sleeted the descriptive research design as the research design. This is
very effective for this specific research. According to Imel et al. (2017), the primary aim of
the exploratory research design is to make the exploration of the research questions. This
cannot make sure the ultimate results of the problems that lie in the research work. However,
this is effective to help the depth knowledge of the research problems.
Descriptive research has been selected due to the application of this research design can be
observed to be much proper for the competition of the research. The research has been chosen
the graphic design and given the justification of choice by stating that this research design
can be helped to finish the research more appropriately. On the other hand, the descriptive
research design provides the facility like this type of design can explain many components,
which are undergoing the procedure of the analysis with the help of the process of numerical
analysis. Descriptive research design has been selected by the researcher over the exploratory

30RESEARCH PAPER
research design because the latter makes the researcher make the exploration of the different
aspects regarding the research, which are not identified.
3.6 Research Strategy
This is necessary for the researcher to make the selection of the proper research strategy for
conducting the specific research. Research strategies can be considered as one framework of
the design that is structured by the researcher to achieve one better outcome. A better
outcome is always necessary for answering all the research questions effectively. This can be
found that the strategies of research depend on the research approach. As stated by O’Leary
et al. (2017), the research approach is such as deductive approach, inductive approach and the
mixed approach. Research strategies applied by based on the inductive research approach,
which is action research, and archival research. On the other hand, this can be told that the
deductive research approach can be considered as the social experiments, surveys and the
interviews. The strategies, which is applied by based on a mixed approach can be considered
as the ground theories and case studies.
To conduct this specific research, the researcher has been chosen the strategies of survey and
interviews. To get a better outcome of the researcher, the research has been taken 200
respondents for carrying out the survey and five managers for carrying out the interview.
There are several benefits to choosing the strategies of survey and interview. The survey can
be included with the deductive approach generally. This is too effective and useful, especially
for the business management and industry. The application of survey can help the researcher
to make the collection of several useful data and information. Along with the strategy of the
survey, the strategy of the interview has been selected by the researcher. In this case, the
researcher has been chosen five managers and carried out the process of the interview.
3.7 Data collection methods and techniques
The methods and techniques of data collection can be discussed as a set of process that helps
the researcher to collect useful data and information regarding the research. This can be
found that all the information and data, which are gathered by the researcher is applied to
answer all the research questions. Besides, there is one other reason for the collection of data,
and that is data are used for the examination of the hypothesis. This can be found that the
methods of data collection can be divided into two categories and those are such as primary
data collection and the secondary data collection. For the competition of this specific
research, the research has been through primary data collection method as appropriate.

31RESEARCH PAPER
Primary data collection can be considered as the method, which can able to gather
information and data without the help of any sources like journals, articles. Moreover,
primary data collection can be divided into two significant parts such as qualitative data
collection method and the quantitative data collection method. The qualitative data collection
process is based on the numerical calculation. In this case, the table is made based on the
collected data, and after that, the analysis of that table are taken place. On the other hand, this
can be found that there is no numerical calculation in the quantities data collection process. In
this case, the research is taken place based on the opinion of individuals. Apart from that, this
can be found that the methods of secondary data collection can be considered as the process
that gathers data and information by depending on the sources like journals and articles.
Apart from the journals and the articles, in this data collection method, the researcher can be
utilized the newspapers, magazines and a variety of other informational guides. As stated by
Handu et al. (2016), in this case, this is very important to mention that the information and
data, which can be gathered from the secondary sources, are generally prejudiced by its
characteristic, and there are the issues for the shortage of relevance as well. The researcher
selects the primary data collection method to carry out the research. The research is based on
a survey of 200 respondents and five managers.
3.8 Questionnaire Design
Questionnaire design is generally needed for the primary data collection methods. This has no
requirement if the researcher selects the secondary data collection method to conduct the
research. Making the questionnaires can be considered as the main tools to research the
primary method. In this case, the researcher generally developed several questions for the
respondents and based on their answer, he or she make the tables. After that, those are
analyzed by the researcher as well. Along with the questions for respondents, the research has
been developed the questions for managers as well. This is necessary to conduct the process
of the interview in a well-organized process. With the help of the application of the
questionnaire design, the procedures for the collection of information and data can become
very easy for the researcher. Questionnaires can be divided into two parts such as interview
and self-administrated. To get a better outcome, the researcher needs to develop better
questionnaires, and that can help them to complete the research in a well-organized way. The
primary data collection has been used a close ended survey questionnaire based on five point
Likert scale and the qualitative questionnaire has been developed by using semi structured
open ended questions. The survey questionnaire consists of demographic questions based on

32RESEARCH PAPER
nominal scale and questions on globalisation and its impact on retail organizations are based
on ratio scale.
3.9 Sampling and Sample size
Method of sampling can be defined as too significant and useful to conduct the research. This
can be found that this method is fundamental, as this is capable of classifying the analysis of
statistical data and information. For this particular research, the selected sample can be
considered as very useful, and this can help to obtain the better outcome of the research.
Apart from that, this could be very permissible for the researcher to use various statements
regarding finance and that can be taken place in the time of research. In this research, the
research has been thought that random probability sampling is the most appropriate. This type
of sampling is convenient and useful to carry out the research. This can be found that there
are four types of sampling and those are such as probability sampling, random probability
sampling, non-probability sampling, random no-probability sampling. Probability sampling
method can be considered as the process of sampling that can be used for the random
selection. In the case of random selection method, the researcher should be developing the
process. On the other hand, this can make sure that different units in population hold the same
probabilities of being selected. This can be told that this is the most useful and practical
procedures for carrying out the specific research in a well organize way.
The process of sampling starts with choosing the target population and in this
research, the population in India are the target population (Emerson 2015). The next stage is
choosing the sampling frame in the research where chooses sample populations relevant to
the research. In this research, the employees working in the retail sector has been chosen as
the sampling frame. The sample size for the research are 200 employees and 5 managers
working in the retail sector. The research has used simple random sampling to select the
respondents’ for the quantitative survey. This has facilitated in providing equal opportunity to
all the employees of being chosen and eliminates the bias. On the other hand, the respondents
for the qualitative analysis has been chosen by using convenience sampling. To conduct this
research on the topic of impacts of globalization on Indian retail organizations: socially,
economically and technically, the research has been chosen 200 respondents for the process
of survey and five managers for the process of interview. The survey questionnaire has been
distributed among 500 employees working in various retail organizations through online
surveys. However, only 300 respondents addressed the survey questionnaire. Randomization

33RESEARCH PAPER
was used to choose 200 respondents from the total gathered data. It is essential to keep the
sample size of the study larger to reduce the margin of error. However, in this scenario, as the
sample size for the survey is 200, there is a margin of error of 7.5% in the research. On the
contrary, as managers does not have much time in hand to attend to the interviews, so the
managers that were available and willing to participate have been chosen. The face to face
interview consisted of asking relevant questions and recording answers on electronic devices
that would be analysed.
3.10 Data Analysis
The procedure of data analysis can be best defined as the method of logically examining the
data collected for a research purpose in its every componential area. Execution of practical
data analysis is fundamental to the successful completion of any research. The data analysis
process is structured in a manner, which enables the researcher to review and perform a
thorough analysis of the collected data in order to generate a research finding (Silverman,
2018). Data analysis effectively helps the researcher in interpreting the ongoing phenomenon
in a depth manner, so that the appropriate future steps in context to the research topic can be
calculated.
Data analysis is categorized into two distinct types – qualitative and quantitative data
analysis. Qualitative data analysis is constituted through the assistance of various methods of
data collection such as social experiments, interviews etc. On the other hand, quantitative
data analysis consists of methods such as surveys, questionnaires etc. The process of
qualitative data analysis does not necessarily associate itself with an arithmetic algorithm.
However, it is primarily concerned regarding the intangibles and is considered highly
subjective. The process of qualitative data analysis can be described in various types such as
content analysis, discourse analysis, framework analysis etc. (Agresti, 2018). On the contrary,
the procedure of quantitative data analysis, as implied by its name, is entirely structured
numerically.
It has been acknowledged through the preceding sections that the researcher had chosen both
the methods of surveys and interviews in order to act as data collection. Furthermore, the
literature review of the research analytically discusses the secondary data collected for
research purposes. This justifies the choice of both qualitative and quantitative data analysis
of primary data selected by the researcher in order to avoid leading the following research in
an unmitigated flow.

34RESEARCH PAPER
The quantitative data collected has been analysed using statistical tools like SPSS
(statistical package for social sciences). The survey data collected has been represented in
frequency tables and graphs. The research used inferential statistics where Pearson’s
correlation and regression analysis has been used to test the hypothesis and establish the
relationship between the elements in the research. The qualitative analysis of the data has
been performed by using coding where open coding has been used to identify the patterns
within the statements made by the different managers and then axial coding has been used to
relate this codes to existing theories. The results from the quantitative and qualitative analysis
has been compared to describe the economic, social and technological impact of globalisation
on the retail companies in India.
3.11 Validity and Reliability of the Research
Before we discuss the significance of reliability and validity for research, it should be taken
into account that reliability and validity are generally undifferentiated. However, minor
points of differentiation tend to appear amongst these two in the area of research. The best
way to interpret the reliability of research is to judge the consistency in its result finding
ability. Therefore, it can be said that reliability is but the calculated variable of the
consistency of the findings that the research generates even after its first time of
implementation (Noble and Smith, 2015). The more times the research findings end up being
repeatedly identical, the higher the reliability of the research can be estimated to be.
The validity of research can be determined by the utilization value of the methods described
in the research in order to obtain research findings. If the methods theoretically illustrated in
the research are proven to be useful in order to generate the research findings, it means the
research is reliable. However, the point of differentiation between these two must be clarified,
i.e., however, valid research can also be considered to be reliable, it is not necessary that
reliable researches are always valid. In order to calculate the validity of specific research, the
researcher has to be very efficient regarding the selection of the time scale at the initial stage.
Subsequently, the researcher has to ensure that the most suitable research methodology has
been selected according to the case scenario in order to complete the research (Heale and
Twycross, 2015). The researcher must ensure that the data has been gathered through the
appropriate methods of sampling, and the participants are volunteering as respondents must
not be put into any pressure. While determining the reliability and validity of research, the
researcher must keep in mind that the potential threats associated with these can be
minimized but not permanently exterminated.

35RESEARCH PAPER
The research has the Cronbach’s alpha test to measure reliability of the collected data.
It measures the internal consistency and the scale reliability of the collected data (Bonett and
Wright 2015). On the other hand, the validity of the questionnaire has been checked by
conducting a pilot study. The pilot study has sent the questionnaire to 10 respondents to
check whether the questions are formulated correctly or not and whether the questionnaire is
able to gather data significant to the research or not. Moreover, the research has used the
Bartlett test of Sphericity and Kaiser-Meyer- Olkin Test of sampling adequacy which
determined the validity of the data collected by evaluating the proportion of variance and the
relatedness of the data (Gulde et al. 2018).
3.12 Research Limitations
Research limitations are defined as the restrictions or obstacles that the researcher has to go
through in order to complete research in a successful manner (Haustein and Larivière, 2015).
It is natural for every research to come along with various limitations. Regardless, selecting
the most appropriate research procedures can provide an enormous amount of assistance in
diminishing the occurrences of the restrictions to a great extent (Troneet al., 2018). It is
considered to be pertinent to interpret and recognize the possible restrictions that may arrive
in the study at a farther stage. In this subsequent research, the researcher has to face many
limitations that had lowered the potential of the outcome. The researcher had no forethought
that the research objectives, as well as aim, were presented in a much broad manner, which
could have been narrowed down to a great extent. Furthermore, the researcher had performed
the task of data collection in an unmitigated manner as he lacked experience in the area of
data collection.
The data collection could have been done in a much effective manner. Subsequently, the lack
of experience resulted in a flawed implementation of the gathered primary data as well. These
limitations briefly illustrate the inexperience of the researcher in the field of research, which
also resulted in a lack of depth in the discussions that had to be made in comparison with
other experienced researchers. The study could have much depth in its context if the
researcher had years of experience of conducting researches. Furthermore, the sample size
selected by the researcher was too small for him to generate an accurate outcome. The
researcher could have more accuracy in his results if he selected the sample size to be a bit
larger.

36RESEARCH PAPER
3.13 Ethical Considerations
Ethical considerations must be followed in a strict manner in order to complete specific
research successfully (Coltartet al., 2018). The theory of ethical considerations can be best
defined as the set of rules and regulations that constitute an ethically appropriate research
process. The researcher must keep in mind that although ethical considerations may not be
much spoken of, overlooking on its significance can disrupt the standards of research
(Kosinskiet al., 2015). This code of conduct must be followed at any cost while completing
the research. In order to prioritize the ethical considerations while conducting this research,
the researcher has ensured that the dignity of the respondents was not compromised with. The
respondents were not subjected to any pain, pressure, harm or stress during the
commencement of the research. No participant was forced to participate in the process of data
collection, and everybody had given their full consent at an initial stage. The researcher had
acknowledged the fact the participants should not be forced through the whole process of
research in any manner.
A few participants decided to exclude themselves from the research at a farther stage, and the
researcher respected their decision and let them withdraw themselves from the research. The
researcher had guaranteed every single volunteering respondent that their anonymity would
be respected through the entire process. No identity would be exposed in favor of public
interests, and the protection of privacy would be effectively implemented. Furthermore, the
researcher had guaranteed that the use of unacceptable or inappropriate language or behavior
was strictly prohibited during the production of the questionnaires for survey and interview
purposes. Any exaggeration or modifications according to personal interests regarding the
aims and objectives of the research were strictly avoided by the researcher. The primary data
that was collected was not shown in any misleading or deceptive manner.
3.14 Time Horizon
Research
Activities
Week
1-2
Week
3-4
Week
4-6
Week
6-10
Week
10-14
Week
14-18
Week
18-22
Week
22-26
Week
26-30
Collection
of the
research
content

37RESEARCH PAPER
Looking for
the
appropriate
and useful
information
and data
Collection
of the
useful
methods for
researching
to gather
the data
and
information
Collection
of the
secondary
3.15 Summary
It can be concluded by the following research that the impact of globalization on Indian
business has been clearly emphasized by the researcher. Globalization is a broad concept that
has a humongous impact on the social and technical business of the Indian industry. The
selection of an appropriate research philosophy is advised to be fundamental to the successful
completion of research. Following this, the researcher has chosen the philosophical approach
of positivism as it generally very less time consuming and cost-efficient in comparison with
the alternatives philosophies that could have been chosen instead. Subsequently, the
researcher has illustrated the research onion and explained its layers for better convenience.
Furthermore, the researcher has chosen the deductive approach as the appropriate research
approach in context with the case scenario. The research does not compel the researcher to
establish any new theory but to concentrate on the pre-existing theories in the environment
before the research, which justifies the choice of the deductive approach. In order to research
adequately, the researcher has chosen clear strategy as a suitable research strategy. The
researcher has gathered the primary data through the procedure of surveys and interviews.
The surveys were conducted on 200 respondents, and the interviews were conducted on five

38RESEARCH PAPER
managers employed under the Indian business industries. The data analysis was done in both
the quantitative and qualitative manner. Finally, the researcher had described the validity and
reliability of the research. The research limitations were also briefly explained. The
researcher had efficiently followed the ethical considerations while effectively completing the
research.
Chapter 4: Findings and Analysis
4.1 Introduction
This chapter has provided a detailed analysis of the data collected through mixed
method analysis where both quantitative and qualitative data has been collected. The data has
been represented in the form of graphs and tables to analyse the frequency of responses,
regression and correlation among the items. The reliability and validity of the data collected
has been analysed using cronbach’s alpha and Bartlett test of sphericity and KMO statistics.
The qualitative data has been analysed using coding where the data has been used to validate
the findings from the quantitative analysis. The report had provided in depth discussion on
the findings by linking it with the literature review section.
4.2 Reliability and Validity
The reliability statistic shows that the value of alpha is 0.986 which is greater than 0.7
and its means that the data is reliable. The value of the cronbach’s alpha is high which means
that the internal consistency and the scale reliability of the items are high. The item-total
statistics shows that the value of cronbach’s alpha decreases each time one of the items are
deleted. This means that all these variables contribute to the increase in reliability of the data.
On the other hand, the value of KMO statistics shows that the value is 0.982 which
means that the sampling is adequate and the proportion of variation is low. Similarly, the
value of Bartlett test of sphericity is significant which means that the variables are related.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.986 12
Table 1: Reliability statistics
Source: (As created by author)
Item Statistics

39RESEARCH PAPER
Mean Std. Deviation N
increase in skilled workforce 2.11 1.301 200
more choices to the consumers 2.19 1.212 200
improved the speed of communication 2.19 1.212 200
reduced transportation overall
operational cost
2.25 1.235 200
changed the workplace culture 2.25 1.176 200
enhanced the growth of the organizations 2.23 1.238 200
improved the relationship with their
suppliers
2.12 1.246 200
better utilization of resources 2.22 1.191 200
market volatile to changes 2.16 1.250 200
access to new analytical tools 2.25 1.201 200
improved the infrastructure of the retail
companies
2.17 1.245 200
enhanced the performances 2.23 1.235 200
Table 2: Item Statistics
Source: (As created by author)
Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale Variance
if Item Deleted
Corrected Item-
Total
Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
increase in skilled workforce 24.24 157.015 .927 .985
more choices to the
consumers
24.16 159.519 .913 .985
improved the speed of
communication
24.16 159.609 .910 .985
reduced transportation
overall operational cost
24.09 158.555 .928 .985
changed the workplace
culture
24.10 160.287 .916 .985
enhanced the growth of the
organizations
24.12 158.695 .920 .985
improved the relationship
with their suppliers
24.22 158.514 .920 .985
better utilization of resources 24.12 159.875 .917 .985
market volatile to changes 24.18 158.400 .921 .985
access to new analytical
tools
24.10 159.503 .923 .985
improved the infrastructure 24.17 158.715 .914 .985

40RESEARCH PAPER
of the retail companies
enhanced the performances 24.11 158.722 .922 .985
Table 3: Item Total-Statistics
Source: (As created by author)
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .982
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 3778.004
df 66
Sig. .000
Table 4: KMO and Bartlett's Test
Source: (As created by author)
4.3 Quantitative analysis
1. Age?
Age
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Less
than 24
37 18.5 18.5 18.5
25-34 31 15.5 15.5 34.0
35-44 51 25.5 25.5 59.5
45-54 48 24.0 24.0 83.5
55 and
above
33 16.5 16.5 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Table 5: Age
Source: (As created by author)

41RESEARCH PAPER
19%
16%
26%
24%
17%
Total
Less than 24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55 and above
Graph 1: Age
Source: (As created by author)
This question examines the age of the respondents to understand the diversity in the
demographic of the collected data. The result show that 26% of the respondents are between
the age group of 35-44, 24% are between the age group of 45-54, 18% are less than 24years
of age, 17% have been above the age of 55 and remaining are between the age group of 25-34
years.
2. Gender?
Gender
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Male 98 49.0 49.0 49.0
Female 102 51.0 51.0 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Table 6: Gender
Source: (As created by author)

42RESEARCH PAPER
49%51%
Total
Male
Female
Graph 2: Gender
Source: (As created by author)
The purpose of the question is to evaluate the gender of the respondents taking part in
the survey. The findings of the survey show that 49% are male and 51% are female
respondents. This would facilitate in understanding whether the opinion of the respondent
vary based on the gender.
3. How far do you agree that there has been increase in skilled workforce due to
globalisation?
increase in skilled workforce
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Strongly
Agree
89 44.5 44.5 44.5
Agree 52 26.0 26.0 70.5
Indifferent 27 13.5 13.5 84.0
Disagree 13 6.5 6.5 90.5
Strongly
disagree
19 9.5 9.5 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Table 7: increase in skilled workforce
Source: (As created by author)

43RESEARCH PAPER
45%
26%
14%
7%
10%
Total
Strongly agree
Agree
Indifferent
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Graph 3: increase in skilled workforce
Source: (As created by author)
The question aims to evaluate whether the globalisation has increased the number of
skilled workforce in the retail industry. The result show that 44% have strongly agreed and
26% have agreed to the research question. On the contrary, it can be seen that 13% is
indifferent, 7% disagreed and 10% have strongly disagreed to the question. This clearly
shows that globalisation has provided more employment opportunities in the retail sector.
4. How far do you agree that globalisation has provided more choices to the consumers?
more choices to the consumers
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Strongly
Agree
69 34.5 34.5 34.5
Agree 72 36.0 36.0 70.5
Indifferent 27 13.5 13.5 84.0
Disagree 17 8.5 8.5 92.5
Strongly
disagree
15 7.5 7.5 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Table 8: more choices to the consumers
Source: (As created by author)

44RESEARCH PAPER
35%
36%
14%
9%
8%
Total
Strongly agree
Agree
Indifferent
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Graph 4: more choices to the consumers
Source: (As created by author)
The question aims to evaluate whether the globalisation has provided more choices to
the consumers in the retail industry or not. The result show that 34% have strongly agreed
and 36% have agreed to the research question. On the contrary, it can be seen that 13% is
indifferent, 9% disagreed and 8% have strongly disagreed to the question. This means that
globalisation has facilitated in free trade which led to increase in number of brands operating
in the retail market. This has significantly provided options to the consumers from which they
can choose their products.
5. How far do you agree that globalisation has improved the speed of communication
within different departments?
improved the speed of communication
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Strongly
Agree
69 34.5 34.5 34.5
Agree 72 36.0 36.0 70.5
Indifferent 27 13.5 13.5 84.0
Disagree 17 8.5 8.5 92.5
Strongly
disagree
15 7.5 7.5 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Table 9: improved the speed of communication

45RESEARCH PAPER
Source: (As created by author)
35%
36%
14%
9%
8%
Total
Strongly agree
Agree
Indifferent
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Graph 5: improved the speed of communication
Source: (As created by author)
The question aims to evaluate whether the globalisation has increased the speed of
communication within the departments in the retail industry or not. The result show that 34%
have strongly agreed and 36% have agreed to the research question. On the contrary, it can be
seen that 13% is indifferent, 9% disagreed and 8% have strongly disagreed to the question.
This means that globalisation has led to introduction of internet of things in to the developing
countries which has increased the access to communication facilities considerably easy for
the companies. Moreover, the technological advancement in the industry has been able to
address the change in the communication infrastructure which has facilitated in fast
communication through digital media.
6. How far do you agree that globalisation has reduced the transportation cost and
overall operational cost?
reduced transportation and overall operational cost
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Strongly
Agree
61 30.5 30.5 30.5
Agree 80 40.0 40.0 70.5
Indifferent 27 13.5 13.5 84.0
Disagree 12 6.0 6.0 90.0
Strongly 20 10.0 10.0 100.0

46RESEARCH PAPER
disagree
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Table 10: reduced transportation and overall operational cost
Source: (As created by author)
31%
40%
14%
6%
10%
Total
Strongly Agree
Agree
Indifferent
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Graph 6: reduced transportation and overall operational cost
Source: (As created by author)
The purpose of the question is to evaluate whether the globalisation has reduced
transportation and overall operational cost in the retail industry. The result show that 30%
have strongly agreed and 40% have agreed to the research question. On the contrary, it can be
seen that 14% is indifferent, 6% disagreed and 10% have strongly disagreed to the question.
This means that globalisation has developed new technologies that has facilitated in reducing
the logistics cost and better use of all the available without wastage which has increased
operational efficiency and reduced the cost of operation.
7. How far do you agree that globalisation has changed the workplace culture?
changed the workplace culture
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Strongly
Agree
57 28.5 28.5 28.5
Agree 84 42.0 42.0 70.5
Indifferent 27 13.5 13.5 84.0
Disagree 17 8.5 8.5 92.5
Strongly 15 7.5 7.5 100.0

47RESEARCH PAPER
disagree
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Table 11: changed the workplace culture
Source: (As created by author)
29%
42%
14%
9%
8%
Total
Strongly Agree
Agree
Indifferent
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Graph 7: changed the workplace culture
Source: (As created by author)
The purpose of the question is to evaluate whether the globalisation has changed the
workplace culture in the retail industry. The result show that 28% have strongly agreed and
42% have agreed to the research question. On the contrary, it can be seen that 13% is
indifferent, 9% disagreed and 8% have strongly disagreed to the question. There has been
significant changes in the workplace culture due to the changes in the surrounding business
environment where the companies have been forced to change due to the change in consumer
needs.
8. How far do you agree that globalisation has enhanced the growth of the organizations
in the retail industry?
enhanced the growth of the organizations
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Strongly
Agree
65 32.5 32.5 32.5
Agree 76 38.0 38.0 70.5
Indifferent 27 13.5 13.5 84.0
Disagree 13 6.5 6.5 90.5

48RESEARCH PAPER
Strongly
disagree
19 9.5 9.5 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Table 12: enhanced the growth of the organizations
Source: (As created by author)
33%
38%
14%
7%
10%
Total
Strongly Agree
Agree
Indifferent
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Graph 8: enhanced the growth of the organizations
Source: (As created by author)
The purpose of the question is to evaluate whether the globalisation has enhanced the
growth of the organizations in the retail industry. The result show that 32% have strongly
agreed and 38% have agreed to the research question. On the contrary, it can be seen that
13% is indifferent, 7% disagreed and 10% have strongly disagreed to the question. This
clearly indicate that the retail industry has experienced growth due to the increase in
disposable income of the lowers income group which has resulted in increase in demand of
the products and services.
9. How far do you agree that globalisation has improved the relationship of the
organizations with their suppliers?
improved the relationship with their suppliers
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Strongly
Agree
82 41.0 41.0 41.0
Agree 59 29.5 29.5 70.5
Indifferent 27 13.5 13.5 84.0

49RESEARCH PAPER
Disagree 17 8.5 8.5 92.5
Strongly
disagree
15 7.5 7.5 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Table 13: improved the relationship with their suppliers
Source: (As created by author)
41%
30%
14%
9%
8%
Total
Strongly Agree
Agree
Indifferent
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Graph 9: improved the relationship with their suppliers
Source: (As created by author)
The purpose of the question is to evaluate whether the globalisation has improved the
relationship with their suppliers or not. The result show that 41% have strongly agreed and
29% have agreed to the research question. On the contrary, it can be seen that 13% is
indifferent, 9% disagreed and 8% have strongly disagreed to the question. This shows that
globalisation has provided better opportunities to collaborate with different suppliers and
work together with them to attain their organizational goals and objectives.
10. How far do you agree that new economic regime has facilitated in better utilization
of resources?
better utilization of resources
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Strongly
Agree
62 31.0 31.0 31.0
Agree 79 39.5 39.5 70.5
Indifferent 27 13.5 13.5 84.0

50RESEARCH PAPER
Disagree 17 8.5 8.5 92.5
Strongly
disagree
15 7.5 7.5 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Table 14: better utilization of resources
Source: (As created by author)
31%
40%
14%
9%
8%
Total
Strongly Agree
Agree
Indifferent
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Graph 10: better utilization of resources
Source: (As created by author)
The purpose of the question is to evaluate whether the globalisation has facilitated in
better utilization of resources or not. The result show that 31% have strongly agreed and 39%
have agreed to the research question. On the contrary, it can be seen that 13% is indifferent,
9% disagreed and 8% have strongly disagreed to the question. This shows that the
advancement of technology due to the new market opportunities have facilitated in improving
the operational process where maximum utilization of resources has been possible.
11. How far do you agree that globalisation has made the market volatile to changes?
market volatile to changes
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Strongly
Agree
76 38.0 38.0 38.0
Agree 65 32.5 32.5 70.5
Indifferent 27 13.5 13.5 84.0
Disagree 15 7.5 7.5 91.5

51RESEARCH PAPER
Strongly
disagree
17 8.5 8.5 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Table 15: market volatile to changes
Source: (As created by author)
38%
33%
14%
8%
9%
Total
Strongly Agree
Agree
Indifferent
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Graph 11: market volatile to changes
Source: (As created by author)
The purpose of the question is to evaluate whether the globalisation has made the
market more volatile to changes or not. The result show that 38% have strongly agreed and
32% have agreed to the research question. On the contrary, it can be seen that 13% is
indifferent, 8% disagreed and 9% have strongly disagreed to the question. Globalisation has
made the market volatile due to the continuous change in demands and wants of the
consumers. The newer generations have been more focused on the current market trends
which has led to the frequent change in the needs of the organization. This has made the
market more volatile due to the influence of other cultures on the Indian market.
12. How far do you agree that globalisation has given access to new analytical tools that
improved the overall operational efficiency?
access to new analytical tools
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Strongly
Agree
59 29.5 29.5 29.5

52RESEARCH PAPER
Agree 82 41.0 41.0 70.5
Indifferent 27 13.5 13.5 84.0
Disagree 15 7.5 7.5 91.5
Strongly
disagree
17 8.5 8.5 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Table 16: access to new analytical tools
Source: (As created by author)
30%
41%
14%
8%
9%
Total
Strongly Agree
Agree
Indifferent
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Graph 12: access to new analytical tools
Source: (As created by author)
The purpose of the question is to evaluate whether the globalisation has given access
to new analytical tools that has improved the overall operational efficiency or not. The result
show that 29% have strongly agreed and 41% have agreed to the research question. On the
contrary, it can be seen that 13% is indifferent, 9% disagreed and 8% have strongly disagreed
to the question. Globalisation has led to the introduction of new analytical tools and software
by gaining knowledge from other multinational organizations. This has facilitated in
understanding the current needs of the consumers in the market and has been able to forecast
the future scope.
13. How far do you agree that globalisation has improved the infrastructure of the retail
companies?
improved the infrastructure of the retail companies

53RESEARCH PAPER
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Strongly
Agree
74 37.0 37.0 37.0
Agree 67 33.5 33.5 70.5
Indifferent 27 13.5 13.5 84.0
Disagree 15 7.5 7.5 91.5
Strongly
disagree
17 8.5 8.5 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Table 17: improved the infrastructure of the retail companies
Source: (As created by author)
37%
34%
14%
8%
9%
Total
Strongly Agree
Agree
Indifferent
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Graph 13: improved the infrastructure of the retail companies
Source: (As created by author)
The purpose of the question is to evaluate whether the globalisation has improved the
infrastructure of the retail companies or not. The result show that 37% have strongly agreed
and 33% have agreed to the research question. On the contrary, it can be seen that 13% is
indifferent, 8% disagreed and 9% have strongly disagreed to the question. There has been
significant increase in the improvement of the infrastructure of the retail organizations due to
the foreign direct investment and incorporation of new technologies to increase the overall
effectiveness of the organizational processes.
14. How far do you agree that globalisation has enhanced the performances of the
organizations in retail industry?

54RESEARCH PAPER
enhanced the performances
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Strongly
Agree
64 32.0 32.0 32.0
Agree 77 38.5 38.5 70.5
Indifferent 27 13.5 13.5 84.0
Disagree 13 6.5 6.5 90.5
Strongly
disagree
19 9.5 9.5 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Table 17: enhanced the performances
Source: (As created by author)
32%
39%
14%
7%
10%
Total
Strongly Agree
Agree
Indifferent
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Graph 14: enhanced the performances
Source: (As created by author)
The purpose of the question is to evaluate whether the globalisation has enhanced the
performances of the retail companies or not. The result show that 32% have strongly agreed
and 38% have agreed to the research question. On the contrary, it can be seen that 13% is
indifferent, 7% disagreed and 10% have strongly disagreed to the question. This clearly
shows that globalisation has created a boom in the retail industry by increasing the disposable
income of the population in India and increased the demand of the products and services in
the industry.

55RESEARCH PAPER
4.4 Pearson’s Correlation
The correlation data clearly shows that there is strong positive relationship among
each of the elements in the research. The value of correlation ranges within 0.84 to 8.88
which shows that strong positive correlation. Moreover, the values are significant at two tail
which means that the relationships between the elements are bidirectional.
Correlations
increase
in skilled
workforc
e
more
choices
to the
consumer
s
improved
the speed
of
communi
cation
reduced
transport
ation
overall
operation
al cost
changed
the
workplac
e culture
increase in
skilled workforce
Pearson
Correlation
1 .842** .871** .856** .860**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
more choices to
the consumers
Pearson
Correlation
.842** 1 .825** .876** .854**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
improved the
speed of
communication
Pearson
Correlation
.871** .825** 1 .852** .854**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
reduced
transportation
overall
operational cost
Pearson
Correlation
.856** .876** .852** 1 .851**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
changed the
workplace culture
Pearson
Correlation
.860** .854** .854** .851** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
enhanced the Pearson .868** .853** .833** .880** .843**

56RESEARCH PAPER
growth of the
organizations
Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
improved the
relationship with
their suppliers
Pearson
Correlation
.863** .847** .844** .888** .851**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
better utilization
of resources
Pearson
Correlation
.864** .856** .867** .861** .855**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
market volatile to
changes
Pearson
Correlation
.867** .870** .846** .863** .842**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
access to new
analytical tools
Pearson
Correlation
.878** .853** .846** .863** .858**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
improved the
infrastructure of
the retail
companies
Pearson
Correlation
.867** .852** .859** .852** .871**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
enhanced the
performances
Pearson
Correlation
.870** .848** .848** .872** .865**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
Table 18: Correlation matrix
Source: (As created by author)
Correlations
enhanced
the
improved
the
better
utilizatio
market
volatile
access to
new

57RESEARCH PAPER
growth of
the
organizat
ions
relationsh
ip with
their
suppliers
n of
resources
to
changes
analytical
tools
increase in
skilled workforce
Pearson
Correlation
.868** .863** .864** .867** .878**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
more choices to
the consumers
Pearson
Correlation
.853** .847** .856** .870** .853**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
improved the
speed of
communication
Pearson
Correlation
.833** .844** .867** .846** .846**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
reduced
transportation
overall
operational cost
Pearson
Correlation
.880** .888** .861** .863** .863**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
changed the
workplace culture
Pearson
Correlation
.843** .851** .855** .842** .858**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
enhanced the
growth of the
organizations
Pearson
Correlation
1 .862** .856** .870** .869**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
improved the
relationship with
their suppliers
Pearson
Correlation
.862** 1 .849** .865** .860**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
better utilization
of resources
Pearson
Correlation
.856** .849** 1 .854** .865**

58RESEARCH PAPER
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
market volatile to
changes
Pearson
Correlation
.870** .865** .854** 1 .848**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
access to new
analytical tools
Pearson
Correlation
.869** .860** .865** .848** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
improved the
infrastructure of
the retail
companies
Pearson
Correlation
.849** .842** .846** .868** .839**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
enhanced the
performances
Pearson
Correlation
.860** .867** .847** .855** .887**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 200 200 200 200 200
Table 19: Correlation matrix
Source: (As created by author)
Correlations
improved the
infrastructure of
the retail
companies
enhanced the
performances
increase in skilled workforce Pearson Correlation .867** .870**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000
N 200 200
more choices to the
consumers
Pearson Correlation .852** .848**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000
N 200 200
improved the speed of Pearson Correlation .859** .848**

59RESEARCH PAPER
communication Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000
N 200 200
reduced transportation
overall operational cost
Pearson Correlation .852** .872**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000
N 200 200
changed the workplace
culture
Pearson Correlation .871** .865**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000
N 200 200
enhanced the growth of the
organizations
Pearson Correlation .849** .860**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000
N 200 200
improved the relationship
with their suppliers
Pearson Correlation .842** .867**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000
N 200 200
better utilization of resources Pearson Correlation .846** .847**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000
N 200 200
market volatile to changes Pearson Correlation .868** .855**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000
N 200 200
access to new analytical tools Pearson Correlation .839** .887**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000
N 200 200
improved the infrastructure of
the retail companies
Pearson Correlation 1 .841**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 200 200
enhanced the performances Pearson Correlation .841** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 200 200
Table 20: Correlation matrix
Source: (As created by author)

60RESEARCH PAPER
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
4.5 Regression Analysis
The regression model is used to develop a predictive model which defines the
relationship between globalisation and its impact on the performance of the retail
organizations. The value of multiple R in the research is .926 which shows the correlation
between the dependent variable and the predictors. This implies that the predictive capability
of the model is comparatively high. The value of R square is 0.857 which shows that the
goodness of fit of the model is high and the variation in explaining capability is 85.7% which
shows that the model is accurate. The value of Durbin Watson lies within 1.7 to 2.5 which
means that there is no first order auto correlation among the elements. The F value in the
research is .000 which is less than 0.05 (p value) and this means that the null hypothesis can
be rejected. On the contrary, the alternative hypothesis can be accepted which shows that
there is significant relationship between globalisation and performance of organizations.
The model equation shows,
PE= 0.173TC +0.175WC+ .136SR,
Where TC-= transportation and operation cost, WC= workplace culture and SR= supplier
relationship
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
Durbin-Watson
1 .926a .857 .852 .475 2.086
a. Predictors: (Constant), access to new analytical tools, improved the speed of
communication , improved the relationship with their suppliers, changed the workplace
culture, better utilization of resources, reduced transportation overall operational cost,
increase in skilled workforce
b. Dependent Variable: enhanced the performances
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 260.041 7 37.149 164.422 .000b
Residual 43.379 192 .226
Total 303.420 199

61RESEARCH PAPER
a. Dependent Variable: enhanced the performances
b. Predictors: (Constant), access to new analytical tools, improved the speed of communication ,
improved the relationship with their suppliers, changed the workplace culture, better utilization of
resources, reduced transportation overall operational cost, increase in skilled workforce
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) .040 .077 .526 .600
increase in skilled
workforce
.131 .068 .138 1.935 .054
improved the speed of
communication
.073 .068 .071 1.071 .285
reduced transportation
overall operational cost
.173 .070 .173 2.461 .015
changed the workplace
culture
.175 .069 .166 2.539 .012
improved the relationship
with their suppliers
.136 .069 .137 1.977 .049
better utilization of
resources
.011 .071 .011 .160 .873
access to new analytical
tools
.294 .071 .286 4.141 .000
a. Dependent Variable: enhanced the performances
4.6 Qualitative Analysis
Questions Comments Code
1. How did globalisation
impact the retail
organizations?
“Globalisation changed the
way we operate. We had to
change our business model
to compete with the global
companies.”
“It provided new
technological software,
hardware and tools that
improved the workforce
Technological advancement,
change in consumer needs,
increase in FDI, increase in
disposable income of
consumers

62RESEARCH PAPER
efficiency.”
“It changed the economic
landscape and the increase
in FDI help in improving
organizational capabilities.”
“ The major impact was
change in consumer needs
which made us change”
“There was significant
changes in the preferences
of the consumers and with
higher disposable we had to
cater to a new market
segments.”
“ Technological impact was
the most noticeable one as it
was not limited to only one
industry”
2. What are the challenges
faced by your company in
the post globalisation
period?
“The major challenge was
increase in market
competition and rapid
change in consumer needs.”
“The biggest challenge was
developing flexibility and
innovation within the
organizational business
model to an extent where
changes were possible
within a short span.”
Change in consumer needs,
market volatility,
incorporating flexibility and
infrastructure

63RESEARCH PAPER
“The market became highly
volatile so it was difficult to
keep up.”
“The major challenge was
increase in market
competition and rapid
change in consumer needs.”
“The biggest challenge was
developing flexibility and
innovation within the
organizational business
model to an extent where
changes were possible
within a short span.”
4.7 Discussion
This clearly shows that in case of the qualitative analysis that social, economic and
technological sectors were highly impacted due to the globalisation and the companies faced
challenges in coping up with the market changes and change in the consumer need due to the
sudden increase in the disposable income. The result of the qualitative analysis is in parity
with the result of the quantitative analysis

64RESEARCH PAPER
Chapter 5: Conclusion
5.1 Key findings and conclusion
The key findings of the report and the objectives have been linked to develop relevant
conclusion in the research. The key findings and conclusion have been described below:
 There is significant impact of globalisation on the retail organization and their
performance in India. This has been identified from the response frequencies of the
participants which show that globalisation has impacted the retail organization
holistically.
 The value of multiple R in the research is .926 which shows the correlation between
the dependent variable and the predictors. This implies that the predictive capability
of the model is comparatively high. The value of R square is 0.857 which shows that
the goodness of fit of the model is high and the variation in explaining capability is
85.7% which shows that the model is accurate. The value of Durbin Watson lies
within 1.7 to 2.5 which means that there is no first order auto correlation among the
elements. The F value in the research is .000 which is less than 0.05 (p value) and this
means that the null hypothesis can be rejected. On the contrary, the alternative
hypothesis can be accepted which shows that there is significant relationship between
globalisation and performance of organizations
5.2 Recommendation
The research has provided following recommendations based on the findings in the
research:
 Retail organizations have to develop innovative and flexible business model in order
to maintain sustainable competitive advantage
 The organizations need to use analytical tools like SAS and hadoop to analyse the
current and change in needs of the consumers. This facilitates in developing resource
capabilities for future expected changes

65RESEARCH PAPER
Reference List
Abrol, D., Prajapati, P. and Singh, N., 2017. Globalization of the Indian pharmaceutical
industry: implications for innovation. Institutions and Economies, pp.327-365.
Agarwal, A. and Yadav, V.K., 2015. Impact of Technology in E-Retailing Operations: A
Consumer Perspective. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 189, pp.252-258.
Agresti, A., 2018. An introduction to categorical data analysis.Wiley.
Baars, J., Dannefer, D., Phillipson, C. and Walker, A., 2016. Aging, globalization and
inequality: The new critical gerontology.
Banerji, A., 2017. Corporate governance, ownership and firm performance: A review of the
impact of financial globalization. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies
Journal, 21(3), pp.1-11.
Bartsch, F., Riefler, P. and Diamantopoulos, A., 2016.A taxonomy and review of positive
consumer dispositions toward foreign countries and globalization. Journal of International
Marketing, 24(1), pp.82-110.
Basu, K., 2016. Globalization of labor markets and the growth prospects of nations. The
World Bank.
Baylis, J., Smith, S. and Owens, P. eds., 2017. The globalization of world politics: an
introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press.
Bonett, D.G. and Wright, T.A., 2015. Cronbach's alpha reliability: Interval estimation,
hypothesis testing, and sample size planning. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1),
pp.3-15.
Coltart, C.E., Hoppe, A., Parker, M., Dawson, L., Amon, J.J., Simwinga, M., Geller, G.,
Henderson, G., Laeyendecker, O., Tucker, J.D. and Eba, P., 2018.Ethical considerations in
global HIV phylogenetic research. The lancet HIV.
De Marchi, V., Lee, J. and Gereffi, G., 2014. Globalization, recession and the
internationalization of industrial districts: experiences from the Italian gold jewellery
industry. European Planning Studies, 22(4), pp.866-884.
deBrún, T., O’Reilly-de Brún, M., O’Donnell, C.A. and MacFarlane, A., 2016. Learning
from doing: the case for combining normalisation process theory and participatory learning

66RESEARCH PAPER
and action research methodology for primary healthcare implementation research. BMC
health services research, 16(1), p.346.
Emerson, R.W., 2015. Convenience sampling, random sampling, and snowball sampling:
How does sampling affect the validity of research?. Journal of Visual Impairment &
Blindness, 109(2), pp.164-168.
Epstein, M.J., 2018. Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring
corporate social, environmental and economic impacts.Routledge.
Ghosh, B.B., 2015. Impact of globalisation on Indias technological regime.
Giddens, A., 2018. Globalization. In Sociology of Globalization(pp. 19-26). Routledge.
Glavina, S., 2015.Influence of Globalization on the Regional Capital Markets and
Consequences; Evidence from Warsaw Stock Exchange. European Research Studies, 18(2),
p.117.
Gozzi, J.C., Levine, R., Peria, M.S.M. and Schmukler, S.L., 2015. How firms use corporate
bond markets under financial globalization. Journal of Banking & Finance, 58, pp.532-551.
Gulde, P., Leippold, K., Armstrong, A., Kohl, S., Grimmer, T., Diehl-Schmid, J. and
Hermsdörfer, J., 2018. An explorative note on Apraxia Tests. Frontiers in Neurology, 9.
GwoĨdziewicz, S. and Prokopowicz, D., 2016.GLOBALIZATION AND THE PROCESS OF
THE SYSTEMIC AND NORMATIVE ADAPTATION OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM IN
POLAND TO THE EUROPEAN UNION STANDARDS.
Handu, D., Moloney, L., Wolfram, T., Ziegler, P., Acosta, A. and Steiber, A., 2016.Academy
of Nutrition and Dietetics methodology for conducting systematic reviews for the Evidence
Analysis Library. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 116(2), pp.311-318.
Haustein, S. and Larivière, V., 2015. The use of bibliometrics for assessing research:
Possibilities, limitations and adverse effects. In Incentives and performance (pp. 121-
139).Springer, Cham.
Heale, R. and Twycross, A., 2015. Validity and reliability in quantitative studies. Evidence-
based nursing, pp.ebnurs-2015.

67RESEARCH PAPER
Imel, Z.E., Budge, S. and Owen, J., 2017. Introduction to special section on advanced
methodology: Counseling the dog to wag its methodological tail. Journal of counseling
psychology, 64(6), p.601.
Kaufman, B.E., 2016. Globalization and convergence–divergence of HRM across nations:
New measures, critical theory, and non-standard predictions from bringing in economics.
Human Resource Management Review, 26(4), pp.338-351.
Khan, M.S., 2015.Globalisation and Its Impact on Indian Economy. International Journal of
Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(3), pp.11-18.
Kosinski, M., Matz, S.C., Gosling, S.D., Popov, V. and Stillwell, D., 2015. Facebook as a
research tool for the social sciences: Opportunities, challenges, ethical considerations, and
practical guidelines. American Psychologist, 70(6), p.543.
Li, X. and Chu, S.K., 2018. Using design-based research methodology to develop a pedagogy
for teaching and learning of Chinese writing with wiki among Chinese upper primary school
students. Computers & Education.
Malhotra, B., 2014. Foreign direct investment: Impact on Indian economy. Global Journal of
Business Management and Information Technology, 4(1), pp.17-23.
Martell, L., 2016. The sociology of globalization.John Wiley & Sons.
McCusker, K. and Gunaydin, S., 2015. Research using qualitative, quantitative or mixed
methods and choice based on the research. Perfusion, 30(7), pp.537-542.
Meredith, S.J., Dicks, M., Noel, B. and Wagstaff, C.R., 2018.A review of behavioural
measures and research methodology in sport and exercise psychology. International review of
sport and exercise psychology, 11(1), pp.25-46.
Mukherjee, A., Satija, D., Goyal, T.M., Mantrala, M.K. and Zou, S., 2014. Impact of the
retail FDI policy on Indian consumers and the way forward. In Globalization and
Standards (pp. 41-59). Springer, New Delhi.
Nadtochy, Y.V., Klochko, E.N., Danilina, M.V., Gurieva, L.K., Bazhenov, R.I. and
Bakharev, V.V., 2016. Economic factors and conditions for the transformation of the
education services market in the context of globalization. International Review of
Management and Marketing, 6(1S), pp.33-39.

68RESEARCH PAPER
Narwal, K.P. and Jindal, S., 2015. The impact of corporate governance on the profitability:
An empirical study of Indian textile industry. International Journal of Research in
Management, Science & Technology, 3(2), pp.81-85.
Nikolova, L.V., Rodionov, D.G. and Afanasyeva, N.V., 2017. Impact of globalization on
innovation project risks estimation. European Research Studies, 20(2), p.396.
Noble, H. and Smith, J., 2015.Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative
research. Evidence-Based Nursing, pp.ebnurs-2015.
O’Leary, B.C., Kvist, K., Bayliss, H.R., Derroire, G., Healey, J.R., Hughes, K., Kleinschroth,
F., Sciberras, M., Woodcock, P. and Pullin, A.S., 2016. The reliability of evidence review
methodology in environmental science and conservation. Environmental Science &
Policy, 64, pp.75-82.
O’Neill, B.C., Kriegler, E., Ebi, K.L., Kemp-Benedict, E., Riahi, K., Rothman, D.S., van
Ruijven, B.J., van Vuuren, D.P., Birkmann, J., Kok, K. and Levy, M., 2017. The roads ahead:
narratives for shared socioeconomic pathways describing world futures in the 21st
century. Global Environmental Change, 42, pp.169-180.
Paul, J., 2015. Market access and the mirage of marketing to the maximum: new
measures. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 27(4), pp.676-688.
Pieterse, J.N., 2015. Globalization and culture: Global mélange. Rowman& Littlefield.
Qaim, M., 2017.Globalisation of agrifood systems and sustainable nutrition. Proceedings of
the Nutrition Society, 76(1), pp.12-21.
Ranjan, R. and Tiwary, P.K., 2018. A Comparative Study of CSR in Selected Indian Public &
Private Sector Organisations in Globalisation Period: A Research Finding. International
Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology, 6(6), pp.270-277.
Schmukler, S.L. and Abraham, F., 2017.Financial Globalization.
Shahbaz, M., Mallick, H., Mahalik, M.K. and Loganathan, N., 2015. Does globalization
impede environmental quality in India?. Ecological Indicators, 52, pp.379-393.
Silverman, B.W., 2018. Density estimation for statistics and data analysis.Routledge.
Steger, M.B., 2017. Globalization: A concise introduction(Vol. 86). Oxford University Press.

69RESEARCH PAPER
Trone, J.C., Ollier, E., Chapelle, C., Bertoletti, L., Cucherat, M., Mismetti, P., Magné, N. and
Laporte, S., 2018. Statistical controversies in clinical research: limitations of open-label
studies assessing antiangiogenic therapies concerning evaluation of vascular adverse drug
events—a meta-analysis. Annals of Oncology, 29(4), pp.803-811.
Ullah, M.U.S., Haq, N.U., Laeeq, H. and Raja, A.A., 2018. Financial Contagion and
Globalization: Evidence from South Asian Countries. International Business and Accounting
Research Journal, 2(2), pp.61-74.
Venkatesh, V.G., Rathi, S. and Patwa, S., 2015. Analysis on supply chain risks in Indian
apparel retail chains and proposal of risk prioritization model using Interpretive structural
modeling. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 26, pp.153-167.
Wiedmann, T. and Lenzen, M., 2018.Environmental and social footprints of international
trade. Nature Geoscience, 11(5), pp.314-321.
Wiesche, M., Jurisch, M.C., Yetton, P. and Krcmar, H., 2017.Grounded Theory Methodology
in Information Systems Research. MIS quarterly, 41(3), pp.685-701.

70RESEARCH PAPER
Appendix
1. Age?
a) Less than 24 b) 25-34 c) 35-44 d) 45-54 e) 55 and above
2. Gender?
a) Male
b) Female
3. How far do you agree that there has been increase in skilled workforce due to
globalisation?
a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Indifferent d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree
4. How far do you agree that globalisation has provided more choices to the consumers?
a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Indifferent d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree
5. How far do you agree that globalisation has improved the speed of communication
within different departments?
a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Indifferent d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree
6. How far do you agree that globalisation has reduced the transportation cost and
overall operational cost?
a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Indifferent d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree
7. How far do you agree that globalisation has changed the workplace culture?
a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Indifferent d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree
8. How far do you agree that globalisation has enhanced the growth of the organizations
in the retail industry?
a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Indifferent d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree
9. How far do you agree that globalisation has improved the relationship of the
organizations with their suppliers?
a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Indifferent d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree

71RESEARCH PAPER
10. How far do you agree that new economic regime has facilitated in better utilization
of resources?
a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Indifferent d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree
11. How far do you agree that globalisation has made the market volatile to changes?
a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Indifferent d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree
12. How far do you agree that globalisation has given access to new analytical tools that
improved the overall operational efficiency?
a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Indifferent d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree
13. How far do you agree that globalisation has improved the infrastructure of the retail
companies?
a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Indifferent d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree
14. How far do you agree that globalisation has enhanced the performances of the
organizations in retail industry?
a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Indifferent d) Disagree e) Strongly disagree
Qualitative Questions
1. How did globalisation impact the retail organizations?
2. What are the challenges faced by your company in the post globalisation period?