A Study on Globalization's Impact on M&S Financial Performance

This research project investigates the impact of globalization on Marks & Spencer (M&S), a major British multinational retailer. The study explores how globalization influences M&S's financial performance, its success in foreign markets, and the challenges it faces. The project includes a literature review examining the concept of globalization and its benefits, as well as its influence on firm's financial performance and contribution to success in foreign markets. The research methodology combines qualitative and quantitative methods. The project analyzes themes such as the concept of globalization, its impact on the organization, the challenges and benefits of globalization, and its effects on sales and employment. The conclusion provides recommendations based on the research findings. An alternative research methodology is also presented, along with references and appendices including a questionnaire.

RESEARCH PROJECT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Background of study...................................................................................................................1
Research aims and objectives......................................................................................................1
Rationale of research...................................................................................................................1
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.....................................................................................................5
Research design...........................................................................................................................5
Research philosophy:..................................................................................................................6
Research approach:.....................................................................................................................6
Data collection:...........................................................................................................................7
Sampling.....................................................................................................................................8
Data analysis...............................................................................................................................8
DATA ANALYSIS..........................................................................................................................8
Theme 1: Globalisation concept.................................................................................................8
Theme 2: Working in this organization.....................................................................................9
Theme 3: Impact on organization hope with reference to globalisation...................................10
Theme 4: Globalisation has introduced issues related to foreign direct investment................11
Theme 5: Challenges due to globalisation................................................................................12
Theme 6: Impact on financial performance over 3 years..........................................................13
Theme 7: Improvisation on sales..............................................................................................14
Theme 8: Employment creation................................................................................................15
Theme 9: Impact on knowledge and skills after globalisation.................................................16
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................................18
Conclusion................................................................................................................................18
Recommendations.....................................................................................................................18
ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY......................................................................18
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................20
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................22

Questionnaire............................................................................................................................22

INTRODUCTION
Background of study
Globalisation is referred as a procedure of interaction and integration within people,
companies and government throughout the world and leading to raised interconnectedness of
national economies. Hence, globalization has facilitated increase in trade, movement of labour
and capital. On basis of UK, it has benefited through a high globalised world ever from exports
and imports and in many other sectors as well. In the industrial revolution, global ties were
significant for enabling the import of raw materials to UK along with goods export. Marks and
Spencer is a major British multinational retailer which is headquartered in Westminster, London
and has expertise in selling clothing, luxury food products and home products. With reference to
globalisation, it has impacted entire world and especially retailer like M&S in both positive and
negative aspect and helps for attaining competitive advantage.
Research aims and objectives
Aim: To investigate how globalization helps in attaining success in business with regards
to M&S.
Objectives
 To identify the influence of globalisation on the financial performance of M&S.
 To analyse how globalization helps in succeeding in foreign markets.
 To examine the challenges of globalisation that M&S can face.
 To evaluate whether globalisation affect business sales performance.
Rationale of research
In the present scenario, globalisation is considered as worldwide trend where economies
through world had dropped restrictions and collaborated with each other. This is inevitable with
context of business for entering in global market. This study would help in enhancing knowledge
related to most current trend of globalisation and its impact on market performance. In the same
series, there is articulation of M&S because this is a well-known organization with its global
operations. This study would provide help to other researchers who wish to conduct study in
similar field. Further, research will also provide knowledge to M&S about the benefits and
challenges associated with globalization.
1

LITERATURE REVIEW
Theme 1: Concept of globalization and its benefits
According to Gygli and et.al., (2018), globalisation is referred as procedure of international
integration with outcome through continuous interchange of ideas, products, cultural aspects
along with other world views. In the modern scenario, it is caused through advancement in
transport, telecommunication and infrastructure sector. This has redefined innovation for global
competition and it is driven through desire for accomplishing competitive advantage through
human capital. It has assessed from the evaluation that after global financial crisis world
economy has exhibited promising signs of recovery as GDP by attaining growth of 3.5% in
recent era. However, Cohen (2018) argued that leading economy has faced numerous hurdles
with reference to economic policies as uneven distribution of profit margin, increasing
environmental degradation, divides among generations and raising disparity in income in
developed countries. The progressive economy has presence of leading business for creating
wealth and contributing for overall development of economy and their well being.
As per views of Bromley and Lerch (2018), globalisation gives net benefit to global
economies through creating efficient markets, raising competition, controlling military conflicts
and spreading wealth equally. Along with this, globalisation brings more issues instead of profit
but with reference to foreign direct investment, it raises faster comparatively to growth in world
trade. This boosts technology growth, industrial restructuring and growth as well. The innovative
technology aggregates economic output while making the processes efficient and smoother. The
multinationals are empowered through globalisation for realizing this as it decreases costs along
with promoting economic growth. It might hurt the smaller domestic businesses.
However, Platonova and et.al., (2018) has argued that globalisation is threatening
economies for extracting witness for increment if multinationals, global organizations and
various other international corporations as well. It might lead to political leaders for being
xenophobic as local economic fluctuations gives impact on number of nations which are
dependent and it creates interdependence among countries as any local instability impacts whole
group. In the similar aspect, profits of globalisation could easily be lopsided and tilted towards
rich nations and individuals. This could lead to great financial rifts along with potential conflicts
on local and global perspective.
Theme 2: Globalization and its influence on firm’s financial performance
2

As per views of Gill and et.al., (2018), globalisation helps organization to decrease as
much 70% of its total cost, 15% through business process improvement, 50% from job shoring
and 5% by job design. Along with this, globalised company might be capable for expanding
within new markets and to retain new customers. This has been revealed that low cost labour has
a particular role to take part as various manufacturers are operating globally with specific range
of opportunities and availability of resource in various international market. Globalisation might
contribute to profits of business largely with two sources as arbitrage opportunities and
economies of scale. Usually, management decisions regarding globalization brings high financial
returns in terms of profit maximization. However, Hoogvelt (2018) has argued that benefits of
globalisation might be directly overestimated as costs might be underestimated. For instance,
distance as barrier to fulfil realization of advantages by globalisation such as cultural,
geographic, administrative and economic distances among domestic and foreign market and
various products and industries might be affected through distances to varying degrees.
According to views of Liu and et.al., (2019), stated that globalisation leads to high
financial performance because of high scope, economies of scale and learning. Seuffert (2018)
critiqued that, globalisation enables business for exploiting market imperfections from utilizing
assets of valuable firm across borders. There is offering of four strong reasons related to positive
impact of globalisation on its profitability as market power because of international scope, access
to more investments opportunities, increasing returns to intangible assets like R&D, advertising,
managerial skills and advertising and capacity for undertaking risky projects and to earn excess
returns because of geographical diversification.
Globalisation might enables MNC for purpose of leveraging home based managerial
skills along with different competencies into foreign regions and can undertake advantage of
slack resources. Beumer, Figge and Elliott (2018) has stated that benefits through global
operations might originate through imperfection in factor and product market, financial markets
and various other treatment of tax. The first advantage of MNC is differentiated through national
corporation and comprised in flexibility for transferring resources throughout borders via a
globally maximising network. There is description of benefits of globalisation is with ability for
arbitraging institutional restrictions like tax and anti trust laws, cost savings via joint production
in marketing and production. However, Springer (2018) has argued that financial performance of
3

MNC might be inferior to that of domestic counterparts because of excess risk undertaking when
engaged in foreign operations.
Theme 3: Contribution of globalization with reference to success in foreign market
As per views of Malindi (2018), free trade may result into decreasing barriers like value
added taxes, tariffs, subsidies along with other barriers among nations which is not true, there is
presence of different barriers for free trade. The proponents of globalization shows free trade
which directly promotes global economic growth, creating jobs and making companies to be
highly competitive and decreasing prices of consumers. In the similar aspect, competition among
counties are directly supposed for driving price down as it is not working due to countries
manipulation about currency for getting price advantage. However, Centobelli, Cerchione and
Singh (2019) has stated that globalisation is making rich richer and making non rich poorer. The
main issue for developed countries is related to jobs which are lost and transferred to lower cost
countries and created culture of fear for workers of middle class who have presence of little
leverage in this global game. Big MNCs has ability for exploiting tax in other countries for
purpose of avoiding tax obligations and accused of social injustice, lack of concern for
environment, unfair working conditions, ecological damage and mismanagement of natural
resources.
According to Isil (2018), access to larger market shows that business might experience
high demand for products and benefits as economies of scale and lead to decrease in production
cost of average basis. It enables worldwide access to different sources of cheap raw material and
enables firm to be highly cost competitive in own and overseas markets. For purpose of seeking
the cheapest material throughout world is known as global sourcing due to reduction in cost and
raised revenue, globalisation could generate raised margin for perspective of shareholders. In the
similar aspect, avoidance of regulation through locating production in countries with less strict
regimes of regulatory in various less developed countries. It has directly led to raised flow of
inward investment among countries which has designed advantages for recipient countries.
These also consists of sharing of knowledge along with technology among countries. With
perspective of long term, raised trad is leading for creation of more employment in every country
it is involved.
Rambe and Agbotame (2018) has critiqued that, increased power and influence of MNC
has been observed through different considerable disadvantage of globalisation as large MNC
4

could switch their investment territories in search of highly favourable regulatory regimes and
they can operate as local monopsonies of labour along with lowering push wages than
equilibrium of free market. Simultaneously, critics of globalisation has highlighted potential job
loss in domestic market caused through free and unfair trade. This view directly accounts for
some of rose in nationalist movements in various developed economies with push for raised
protectionism. This could raise pace of de industrialisation which is manufacturing base on
economy as slow erosion. The most significant is risk related to interdependence of economies as
countries dependent on each other with negative economic shock could quickly spread to other
countries as well. For instance, downturn in car sales in UK has affected rest of Europe whereas
most of the cars bought in UK are directly imported through European union.
Globalisation lead to different losers and winners and for this reason, it raises inequality
as richer get advantages more than poorer. In this context awareness with job losses has been
directly argued for contributing rise in movements of anti-globalisation. The increased trade is
linked with globalisation had raised pollution and contributed emissions of CO2 along with
global warming. Trade growth has directly accelerated depletion on multiple non renewable
sources.
According to Isil (2018), this encourages consumers and producer to benefit through
deeper division of economies of scale and competitive market decrease monopoly margin and
incentivise business for seeking numerous cost reducing innovations. There is enhancement of
growth which led to high per capita incomes and helped various poorest countries to attain faster
economic growth and decreasing poverty measured as income. The opening up of different
capital market allows developing countries for borrowing money over domestic savings gap.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
Research is systematic investigation within study of materials along with sources in order
for establishing facts and to reach some new conclusions. Generally, research is of two types as
qualitative and quantitative as qualitative is all about human behaviour and emotions and
quantitative reflects numerical analysis. On basis of this study, researcher has used both types of
method because for understanding behaviour about responses as it is based on attitudes,
opinions, intentions and beliefs (Martinez-Mier and et.al., 2019). The most common method
implied for collecting data are focus groups and interview as it might be time consuming and
5

expensive as well. So, in this aspect, there is use of quantitative data which is based on large
sample as it quantifies opinions, attitudes and other variable. This comprises each type of survey
such as mobile surveys and online surveys, systematic observations along with longitudinal
studies. Henceforth, there is implication of both qualitative and quantitative research for avoiding
bias and to get accurate outcome.
Research philosophy:
This is known as belief about mode in which data related to specific phenomenon must
be collected, used and analysed. Majorly, it is categorised in two types interpretivism and
positivism. Interpretivism is an approach based on human subject as instruments for measuring
phenomena and involves both interviews and observation with integration of human interest into
a study. In simpler terms, it interprets the elements of study and integrates human interest into a
study and lays emphasis to employ numerous methods in order for reflecting different aspects of
problem (Gaudet, 2019). Positivism directly adheres to factual knowledge which is retained from
observation along with measurement which is trustworthy. This is directly dependent on
different observations which are quantifiable and directly lead to statistical analysis.
On basis of this study, there would be implication of interpretivism approach as high
focus in on qualitative approach as data is detailed and provides in-depth about current
happenings. The validity provides description that data is honest and trustworthy and it tends for
involving emotions and bias in their views which is highly beneficial for perspective of this
study. With adoption of this philosophy, qualitative research areas like numerous cross cultural
differences in business, ethics issue, leadership and factor which are impacting this could be
studied as this is relative as bounded with time, culture, value and context.
Research approach:
It is replicated as plan and process which comprises different steps or broad assumption
with detailed method of data analysis, interpretation and collection. This is the vital part of the
study as it is daily activity used for purpose of decision making which comprises construction of
thoughts and transforming in particular proposition to illustrate reasons. The research approach
could be categorised in two types such as inductive and deductive reasoning (Brownell, 2019).
The inductive approach directly reflects argument in which premises offer reasons in support of
probable truth of particular conjecture. This is also replicated as bottom up approach as it
6

initiates from conclusion and on basis of patterns or trend. Simultaneously, it draws inferences
with certainty and structured as specific to general where argument might be or not strong.
However, deductive approach is considered as fundamental form of valid reasoning
where guarantee has been given on premises relate to truth of conjecture. It is known as top
down approach which initiates from premises as its process in theory, hypothesis, observation
and confirmation. Moreover, it draws inferences with probability as its argument might or not
valid and structured as general to specific. On basis of this study, there would be implication of
inductive approach as it is linked with qualitative research. This alludes to logical process where
particular situations or instances are observed along with establishment of general principles. In
the particular process, various propositions are believed for purpose of strong evidence for truth
of conclusion (Opie, 2019). Further, it is used with context to develop understanding with
reference to observations of regularities and to ascertain that how it works. This helped for
describing extent when conclusion drawn with context to premises are highly credible and vests
on experience where observations support truth along with conclusion.
Data collection:
Data collection is replicated as process used for gathering information through all
relevant sources for extracting answers to particular research problem, testing hypothesis and
evaluating the outcome. In simple words, this is systematic approach for collecting and
measuring information through variety of sources for obtaining accurate and complete picture of
interest area. The proper data collection is mandatory for purpose of maintaining integrity of
research and for making informed decisions and to ensure quality assurance. The data could be
collected with two modes as primary and secondary method as it is dependent on research
problem.
The primary data collection is referred as first hand data, collected through researcher for
first time and it is original in nature. The fresh data has been gathered when research problem is
unique and is not related to research work which is done through any other person. The outcome
of this research is highly accurate when data is gathered directly through researcher but it is very
costly and time consuming (Hoddy, 2019). However, secondary data collection is referred data
which is gathered by someone else and has already passed via statistical analysis. This type of
information is impure as statistical operations might be performed as data collected through
surveys, studies or experiments which have been operated through other people or with context
7

of other research. This is less expensive and available at similar time but authenticity of findings
could be questioned.
On basis of this study, the data is gathered with reference to both primary and secondary
data as questionnaire is used and there would be inclusion of journals, books and websites.
Although, primary data is relevant and original and it reflects high degree of accuracy and
secondary data helps for building existing research and leads to better outcome and saving time
and money.
Sampling
This is replicated as statistical procedure which is directly concerned through choosing
observation of individual and helps for taking statistical inferences related to population. It has
been assumed that samples are drawn through population and sample means and population
mean are equal. This is categorised in two types as probability and non probability sampling
(Niknejad and Amiri, 2019). The probability sampling is replicated as sampling technique of
every individual unit of population has more than zero probability of choosing selected into
sample. In the similar aspect, non probability sampling is technique in which some elements of
population have absence of probability for getting selected into a sample.
With reference to this study, there is use of probability sampling which comprises simple
random sampling as in this sample from population has been drawn. Here population is people of
M&S in which 20 managers are considered as sample for attaining research objective.
Data analysis
This is known as process to systematically apply logical or statistical technique for
describing, recap, condensing, evaluate and illustrate the data. On basis of this study, there would
be use of Microsoft excel and thematic analysis on basis of questionnaire and shown through
graphics and charts.
DATA ANALYSIS
Theme 1: Globalisation concept
Particulars Responses percentage
Yes 15 75.00%
No 1 5.00%
May be 4 20.00%
Total 20 100.00%
8

Interpretation: The above table and graph is replicating the knowledge and information
related to globalisation which has been extracted from selected sample of 20 managers of M&S.
In the present scenario, everyone is well known about globalisation as it is process of integration
and interaction among people as it gives elaboration the mode to countries and people of world
for integrating and interact. In the present study, sample is of 20 managers in which 75% have
detailed information about globalisation but on the other side, 20% are on neutral mode whereas
5% are totally blank. The main reason might be associated to working experience as 25% would
be having less experience and rest vice versa.
Theme 2: Working in this organization
Particulars Responses percentage
Less than 2 years 4 20.00%
2 to 4 years 3 15.00%
4 to 8 years 7 35.00%
More than 8 years 6 30.00%
Total 20 100.00%
9

Interpretation: The above table and graph is showing working experience in this
particular M&S organization which is collected from its 20 managers. This information is
important because it reflects that older one could give more accurate information as they are well
versed with operations of organization and their impact. Within this sample, 20% managers
belongs to M&S from less than 2 years and the contrary, 30% are senior most and 35% are at
middle position. Henceforth, it will lead to accuracy and appropriate information to accomplish
the research objective.
Theme 3: Impact on organization hope with reference to globalisation
Particulars Responses percentage
Enhanced compliance and
controlling 1 5.00%
Tighter cash management 1 5.00%
Increment in operational
efficiency 8 40.00%
Increment in coverage of
financial risk 7 35.00%
Faster execution of corporate
guidelines 3 15.00%
Total 20 100.00%
10

Interpretation: The above scenario is reflecting hope of managers about causes of
globalisation from selected sample. There are majorly five cause which has been gathered as
enhancement of compliance and control, tighter cash management, increment in operational
efficiency and financial risk coverage along with faster execution of corporate guidelines.
Majority of managers hope that this will lead to raise in operational efficiency as 40% and
financial risk coverage by 35%. Some of them also refereed to quicker execution of corporate
guidelines by enhancement to compliance and control and tighter cash management acquired
very fewer responses.
Theme 4: Globalisation has introduced issues related to foreign direct investment
Particulars Responses percentage
Strongly agree 2 10.00%
Agree 5 25.00%
Neutral 3 15.00%
Disagree 6 30.00%
Strongly disagree 4 20.00%
Total 20 100.00%
11

Interpretation: In the above scenario, it is illustrated from managers of M&S related to
initiating issues instead of profit due to foreign direct investment. It has been clearly depicted
that no clear outcome could be evaluated because 15% are on neutral mode as 50% disagree.
This leads to increment in growth in world trade, boosts technology growth and industrial
restructuring as well. However, 25% agree with this because of MNC's financial performance
may be inferior compared to domestic counterparts due to excess risk undertaking while
involved in foreign operations. The multinationals are directly empowered with globalization to
realise that this reduces cost and even promotes economic growth. Henceforth, it could be
evaluated that globalisation has introduced issues but benefits are highly weighted so this could
be balanced with numerous effective measures.
Theme 5: Challenges due to globalisation
Particulars Responses percentage
Instability 6 30.00%
Cultural barriers 7 35.00%
Technological issue 4 20.00%
Unskilled peer 3 15.00%
Total 20 100.00%
12

Interpretation: The above table and graph is showing challenges faced by sample
because of globalisation in their organization. It is clearly viewed that majority of 35% are facing
cultural barrier, followed by 30% instability as local economic fluctuations provides impact on
numerous situations with dependency and creates interdependency within countries along with
local instability for entire group. Simultaneously, technology is replicated as major aspect which
could helps in attaining success and even failure as well. With reference to globalisation, there
are more updated technology which is problem for 20% problem and unskilled peers are also
cause of major concern.
Theme 6: Impact on financial performance over 3 years
Particulars Responses percentage
Yes 17 85.00%
No 1 5.00%
May be 2 10.00%
Total 20 100.00%
13

Interpretation: The above table and graph is outcome of review of managers of M&S
that globalisation has impacted their financial performance or not. It is clearly viewed that 85%
responses were on positive aspect and 10% were not sure about this aspect. On the contrary, 5%
was blank regarding financial performance as majority responses was positive because of
economies of scale, high scope, learnings and economies of scale. In the similar aspect with
presence of international scope, raising returns to tangible assets such as R&D, managerial skills,
advertising along with capacity for undertaking risky projects for earning excess returns due to
geographical diversification. This has indirectly impacted financial performance in positive
aspect because of globalisation.
Theme 7: Improvisation on sales
Particulars Responses percentage
Strongly agree 10 50.00%
Agree 4 20.00%
Neutral 1 5.00%
Disagree 3 15.00%
Strongly disagree 2 10.00%
Total 20 100.00%
14

Interpretation: The above table and graph is showing outcome of sales performance
from the managers of M&S. This is clearly viewed that approx 70% agree on this improvisation
and rest of them are opposing this. It has been extracted that they offer opportunity for propel
brand awareness and establishing markets in new economy. With this context, companies
generally use the latest technologies and supply is on basis of human preferences and
attractiveness. Moreover, consumers are encouraged and producer to benefit with deep division
of economies of scale along with fall in competitive market decreases monopoly margin. This
incentivise business for retaining various innovation of cost reduction and enhances growth leads
to high per capita income along with faster economic growth.
Theme 8: Employment creation
Particulars Responses percentage
Strongly agree 12 60.00%
Agree 5 25.00%
Neutral 1 5.00%
Disagree 1 5.00%
Strongly disagree 1 5.00%
Total 20 100.00%
15

Interpretation: The above table and graph is showing results of outcome related to
employment creation on basis of globalisation. It is clearly depicted that 85% are showing
positive aspect that employment as it leads to create more and better quality jobs is key for
boosting growth. On the other hand, rest 15% opposing that it creates job loss but the proponents
of globalisation reflects free trade, promotes economic growth, creating jobs and making
organization to be very competitive and reducing price for customers. On basis of job loss but in
domestic market caused with free and unfair trade. It has accounted for increase in nationalist
movements in different developed economies push for increased protectionism. Further, with
increment of pace of de industrialisation as manufacturing base on economy as of slow erosion.
Theme 9: Impact on knowledge and skills after globalisation
Particulars Responses percentage
Yes 17 85.00%
No 1 5.00%
May be 2 10.00%
Total 20 100.00%
16

Interpretation: The above scenario is depicting about their personal views on
knowledge and skills related to globalisation. It has been clearly viewed 85% agreed that after
globalisation they had acquired various skills such as information related to other location,
culture, new technology along with legislation and marketing strategies. On the contrary, 10%
respondents were not sure about their knowledge and skills associated to globalisation and rest
5% total disagreed.
Summary
From the above discussion, it has been extracted that majority of managers were well
known about globalisation and senior most person were highly aware about the present topic.
With their reference, globalisation has impacted organization for purpose of raising operational
efficiency and financial risk coverage. In the same series, it has been articulated that
globalisation has also introduced various issues but its profit are highly weighted so it is
appropriately balanced. Moreover, cultural issue is major barrier of globalisation and its sales has
been raised because of innovative features. Furthermore, it is discussed that numerous jobs have
been created and this helped for gaining knowledge and skills as well.
17

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion
By summing up this report, it has been concluded that by employing strategies associated
with globalization M&S can improve financial performance. Moreover, globalization enables
firm to get high economies of scale by performing business activities and operations at global
level. Besides this, it can be inferred that globalization offers opportunity to the firm in relation
to customer’s base. Moreover, it enables firm to offer products & services to global customers
and thereby attain success. It can be summarized from the evaluation that by developing
competent strategic and policy framework M&S can deal with the challenges more effectually.
Recommendations
 It is recommended to M&S that focus needs to be placed on exploring business
operations in emerging economies. This in turn helps firm in maximizing sales as well as
profit and thereby ensures competitive advantage.
 In context of technology advancement, M&S should organize training session for
personnel so that they would become able to meet challenges effectually.
 Moreover, while assessing the financial performance it should lay emphasis on
economies of scale along with different arbitrage opportunities. In other words, with
regards to globalization, M&S should expand business in developing countries which in
turn offers opportunity in relation to gaining high economies of scale.
 In the similar aspect, the skills which are not efficient must be outsourced which will save
cost and resources as well. Furthermore, they should be capable for maintaining access
with better management of regulatory regimes and every step must be ensured twice
because one mistake could lead to destroy the entire brand image.
ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
With reference to alternative research methodology, quantitative research design must be
laid emphasis because this avoids bias and highly authentic compared to qualitative research.
The main reason behind this is that, opinions, attitude and other variables are always quantified
because numbers always give proper outcome. In the same series, there is implication of
interpretivisim philosophy but application of positivism philosophy as this offers factual
knowledge retained through observation and offers trustworthy measurement. Apart from this, it
creates dependency on various quantifiable observations and lead to accurate statistical analysis
18

(Das, Ester and Kaczmirek, 2019). The research approach which is used here is inductive
approach but there must be use of deductive approach because this draws inferences with
probability. Simultaneously, this would lead possibility for explaining the causal relationships
among various variables and concepts.
This study has use of simple random sampling comprised in probability sampling because
of equal chances for solution but non probability sampling is highly appropriate. The reason
behind non probability sampling is that it is very cost effective and saves time as well. This type
of sampling will help for demonstrating about existence of particular trait in entire population.
Within non probability sampling, there must be implication of purposive sampling because
sample would be selected on basis of sample and knowledge about population along with study
itself (Meißner and Oll, 2019). Henceforth, the participants of study will be selected on basis of
purpose of study. Lastly, data analysis has been done with thematic analysis as it should be
wholly based on quantitative which will help for performing statistical analysis with statistical
tool like SPSS, descriptive statistics as it would offer accurate and proper outcome and helps to
attain particular objective.
19

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Gygli, S. and et. al., 2018. The KOF globalisation index–revisited. The Review of International
Organizations. pp.1-32.
Cohen, R., 2018. Diasporas, the nation-state, and globalisation. In Global history and
migrations (pp. 117-143). Routledge.
Bromley, P. and Lerch, J., 2018. Human Rights as Cultural Globalisation: The Rise of Human
Rights in Textbooks, 1890–2013. In The Palgrave Handbook of Textbook Studies (pp.
345-356). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
Platonova, E. and et. al., 2018. The impact of corporate social responsibility disclosure on
financial performance: Evidence from the GCC Islamic banking sector. Journal of
Business Ethics. 151(2). pp.451-471.
Gill, A. and et. al., 2018. The impact of financial support from non-resident family members on
the financial performance of newer agribusiness firms in India. Journal of Agribusiness in
Developing and Emerging Economies. 8(2). pp.303-319.
Hoogvelt, A., 2018. Globalisation and imperialism: Wars and humanitarian intervention.
In Revitalising communities in a globalising world (pp. 31-56). Routledge.
Liu, X. and et.al., 2019. From ecological opportunism to multi-cropping: Mapping food
globalisation in prehistory. Quaternary Science Reviews. 206. pp.21-28.
Seuffert, N., 2018. Jurisprudence of national identity: Kaleidoscopes of imperialism and
globalisation from Aotearoa New Zealand. Routledge.
Beumer, C., Figge, L. and Elliott, J., 2018. The sustainability of globalisation: Including the
‘social robustness criterion’. Journal of cleaner production. 179. pp.704-715.
Springer, P., 2018. Advertising, agencies and globalisation. In The Advertising Handbook (pp.
200-215). Routledge.
Sparke, M., 2018. Geoeconomics, globalisation and the limits of economic strategy in statecraft:
A response to Vihma. Geopolitics. 23(1). pp.30-37.
Malindi, M. M., 2018. The impact of globalisation on African languages and cultures: a study of
selected discourses(Doctoral dissertation, North-West University (South Africa), Vaal
Triangle Campus).
Centobelli, P., Cerchione, R. and Singh, R., 2019. The impact of leanness and innovativeness on
environmental and financial performance: Insights from Indian SMEs. International
Journal of Production Economics. 212. pp.111-124.
Isil, O., 2018. The valuation impact of carbon reporting: assessing firm-specific and extended
supply chain carbon disclosures of S&P 500 firms. International Journal of Logistics
Economics and Globalisation. 7(2). pp.186-207.
Rambe, P. and Agbotame, L. A., 2018. Influence of foreign alliances on the performance of
small-scale agricultural businesses in South Africa: A new institutional economics

perspective. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences. 21(1). pp.1-
14.
Hoddy, E. T., 2019. Critical realism in empirical research: employing techniques from grounded
theory methodology. International Journal of Social Research Methodology. 22(1).
pp.111-124.
Niknejad, N. and Amiri, I. S., 2019. Quantitative Research Methodology for Service-Oriented
Architecture (SOA) Adoption in Organizations. In The Impact of Service Oriented
Architecture Adoption on Organizations (pp. 43-51). Springer, Cham.
Opie, C., 2019. Research approaches. Getting Started in Your Educational Research: Design,
Data Production and Analysis. p.137.
Brownell, P. ed., 2019. Handbook for theory, research, and practice in Gestalt therapy.
Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Gaudet, J. C., 2019. Keeoukaywin: The Visiting Way-Fostering an Indigenous Research
Methodology. aboriginal policy studies. 7(2).
Martinez-Mier, E. A. and et.al., 2019. European organization for caries research workshop:
Methodology for determination of potentially available fluoride in toothpastes. Caries
research. 53(2). pp.119-136.
Das, M., Ester, P. and Kaczmirek, L. eds., 2019. Social and behavioral research and the
internet: Advances in applied methods and research strategies. Routledge.
Meißner, M. and Oll, J., 2019. The promise of eye-tracking methodology in organizational
research: A taxonomy, review, and future avenues. Organizational Research Methods.
22(2). pp.590-617.

APPENDIX
Questionnaire
Demographic information
Name of the respondents:
Age:
 18 to 23
 24 to 30
 31 to 35
 36 to 42
 Above 42
Gender:
 Male
 Female
 Others
Annual income:
1. Do you have detailed information relation to concept globalisation?
 Yes
 No
2. How long you are working in this organization?
 Less than 2 years
 2 to 4 years
 4 to 8 years
 More than 8 years
3. What effect does your organization hope to cause with reference to globalisation?
 Enhanced compliance and controlling
 Tighter cash management
 Increment in operational efficiency
 Increment in coverage of financial risk

 Faster execution of corporate guidelines
4. Do you agree that globalisation has introduced issues rather than profit related to foreign
direct investment?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
5. In your opinion, what is the major issue you faced because of globalisation ?
 Instability
 Cultural barriers
 Technological issue
 Unskilled peer
6. Does globalisation have given any change in financial performance over three years?
 Yes
 No
7. Do you agree that sales has been improved with globalisation?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
8. Do you agree that, globalisation has created employment?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
9. Is there any impact on your knowledge and skills after globalisation?
 Yes
 No

10. Any suggestions?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------