Dissertation: Analyzing the Impact of Mega Events on Local Communities

This dissertation explores the impact of mega events on local communities, examining the concept of mega events, their effects on local economies and societies, and the challenges faced by host countries. It utilizes a qualitative research methodology, drawing from secondary data sources such as websites, publications, and articles. The research identifies themes related to the definition of mega events, their impact on local communities including economic and social benefits, and the difficulties encountered while organizing such events. The study concludes by summarizing the key findings and providing insights into the role of mega events in promoting economic growth, tourism, and national pride, while also acknowledging potential negative impacts and challenges.

Dissertation

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
Research Aim:.........................................................................................................................................4
Research objectives:................................................................................................................................4
Research Questions:................................................................................................................................4
Justifications of research.........................................................................................................................4
Outline of research methodology.............................................................................................................5
Literature Review:.......................................................................................................................................5
Introduction:............................................................................................................................................5
Summary:..............................................................................................................................................10
Methodology.............................................................................................................................................11
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................11
Summary...............................................................................................................................................14
Analysis and Discussion.............................................................................................................................14
Theme 1: Concept of mega events.........................................................................................................15
Theme 2: Impact of mega events within local communities..................................................................17
Theme 3: Challenges faced by the countries while organizing the mega event.....................................19
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................20
References.................................................................................................................................................24

Topic: “To analyze the impact of mega events in local communities”.
ABSTRACT
Mega events play an imperative role in enlargement and growth of the economy. In addition to
this, these events are also likely to have a major impact on local communities. Through the
study, it is possible to analyze how mega events affect the local people. It will help to know the
challenges faced by the countries while organizing mega events. In the present research work,
secondary source of data collection is taken into consideration. By using secondary sources, it is
possible to collect the data from different sources like websites, publications, articles and more.
This information will help in completing the research work efficiently. In terms of research
methodology, qualitative methodology will take into consideration as it will help in collecting
detailed and in-depth information significantly.
Introduction
Events refer to a onetime or frequently occurring event that provides the opportunities to
the individuals to interact with each-other in order to get different experience. Nowadays, there
are different types of events are organized across the world for the accomplishment of different
purpose. In this regard, mega events are the events which are organized for a specific duration to
attract the large number of visitors. It incurs huge cost and also have a potential impact on
environment & population(Chalip, 2018). In terms of sports events, mega sports events are
conducted as one-time sporting events and has high media coverage and impacts. There are
ample of mega events are organized worldwide such as FIFA world cup, Expo, Asian games and
more. It is analyzed that nearly 1 million people are likely to visit in mega events. The Olympic
games are one of the most effective examples of mega events which is organized in each and
every four year within different locations. For instance, in 2012 the Olympic was organized in
London in 2016 in Rio de Janeiro and the Olympic of 2020 will be organized at Tokyo(Kilcline,
2017). The project report is based on understanding the impact of events within local
communities. It is analyzed that the mega events create opportunities of earning income for the
people of local communities. It creates opportunities to earn livelihood for the local people. Also,
organizing the mega event is helpful in gaining the attention of tourists in an efficient manner.

The study will cover the impact of mega events within local communities. Further, it will also
cover the strategies followed by the countries to make the mega events successful.
Research Aim:The present research aims “To analyze the impact of mega events in local
communities”.
Research objectives:
 To understand the concept of mega events.
 To analyze the impact of mega events within local communities.
 To identify the challenges faced by the countries while organizing the mega events.
Research Questions:
 What is the concept of mega events?
 What is the impact of mega events within local communities?
 What are the challenges faced by the countries while organizing the mega events?
Justifications of research
The main aim of conducting research on the given topic is to enhance the knowledgebase
regarding sports and its impact on the society and individuals. Mega events play an imperative
role in enlargement and growth of the economy. In addition to this, these events are also likely to
have a major impact on local communities. Through the study, it is possible to analyze how
mega events affect the local people. It will help to know the challenges faced by the countries
while organizing mega events. In addition to this, the research study is useful in terms of gaining
significant knowledge about the mega events. Here, the information will make the researcher
enable to understand the impact of various mega events such as Olympics, FIFA and more on
local communities. Apart from this, the research is also helpful for researcher in terms of
personal context as it will increase the communication skills, presentation skills, interpersonal
skills of the researcher. One of the most significant reasons to undertake the present research is
to ensure the personal growth & development of the researcher. This will make the researcher
enable to enhance in the future career in an efficient manner.
Outline of research methodology
Research methodology is a crucial part of the overall research work as it helps in
collection & analysis of data. Through research methodology, it is possible to analyze different

sources of data collection with an aim to gather necessary amount of data to carry out the
research work effectively (Bairagi and Munot, 2019). In the present research work, secondary
source of data collection is taken into consideration. By using secondary sources, it is possible to
collect the data from different sources like websites, publications, articles and more. This
information will help in completing the research work efficiently. In terms of research
methodology, qualitative methodology will take into consideration as it will help in collecting
detailed and in-depth information significantly. Through appropriate research methodology, it is
possible to get effective results for the future success of research work.
Literature Review:
Introduction:
Literature Review is about gathering the available information from different sources.
Basically, it signifies the collection of necessary amount of data from different sources like
websites, publications, books, journals and more. A literature review is an overview of already
published information on a specific topic. It is a written overview of writing and other specific
sources. In the given scenario, the information has been gathered on the specific topic that is
related to mega events. It will include the information regarding the impact of mega events on
local communities. In present context the literature review is given below:
Concept of mega events
According to Ribeiro and Santos Junior, (2017), mega events like football world cup,
world expositions, Olympic games are organized with an aim to reach towards higher number of
audiences. Now, these events are considered as a significant way for a city to depict their culture
to the audiences across the world. Mega events evolved in 19th century in context of the industry
revolution. The great exhibition of London was the world’s first exposition which was organized
in 1851. Apart from this, the Olympic games was organized in Athens in 1896. It is analyzed that
the main aim of organizing the mega events is to celebrate different values like respect,
excellence, friendship and more. On other side, it also shows the pride of nation which are
organizing such events. Till the end of 20th century, the city demonstrated modernity than the
mega event strategies(Mega-events: national pride or city branding?., 2022). Later, the cities
started to compete with each other in order to organize the mega events. It is monitored that

several cities across the world have been utilized their available resources to make the mega
events successful. It is because the mega events are helpful in economic growth by gaining the
attention of tourist. It promotes tourism among the country and also helps in formulating the
global image of the city worldwide. The second motivation behind arranging the mega events is
acceleration of urban transformations(Fairley and Kelly, 2017). While organizing the mega
events, countries are likely to invest in infrastructure. For instance, the Bejing has been invested
26.5 billion dollars in transportation infrastructure during the Olympic of 2008.
Mega events creates competition among different cities as they need to propose one of
the effective project so that the selection committee get convenience. For different types of mega
events, different selection committees are working such as International Olymic committee
(IOC) for Olympic games, the federation international football association (FIFA) for football
cup and more(Krumer and Lechner, 2017). During the selection of London for Olympic in 2012,
the initial planned budget was 3.8 billion euros. Nowadays, the concentration of various mega
event within Europe and United states of America has been declined significantly. On other side,
the south korea has been demonstrated its potential by arranging the Olympic games at Seoul in
1988. In 2010, the three major mega events took place within BRICS countries such as the new
delhi, the shangahai expo and the south Africa. Here, the mega events started to organize as the
symbol of nation pride as it facilitated innovation and further development of the country in
significant manner(Dowson, 2018). Apart from this, the Gulf countries are also a suitable
example of the World exposition which took place in 2020 in Dubai. In this context, the major
types of mega events are mentioned below:
FIFA world cup: The FIFA world cup is associated with football. The main aim of this
game is to govern the football and develop the game across the world. It is the most significant
mega event that is modernizing football in order to make it global, inclusive and accessible for
all in different aspects(Di Vita, 2018). Under this, the main aim is to ensure the development of
football everywhere across the world. The first official football tournament was organized in
1930. Since then, the tournament is being organized in each and every fourth year (The history of
FIFA World Cup, 2022). However, the unofficial pre-FIFA world cups were already present in
the late 1800 when only few national teams existed.

Olympic games: One of the most significant mega events is Olympic that is organized in
each and every four year across different cities. Further, Olympic games are one of the most
effective examples of mega events which is organized in each and every four year within
different locations. For instance, in 2012 the Olympic was organized in London in 2016 in Rio
de Janeiro and the Olympic of 2020 will be organized at Tokyo(About The Olympic Games,
2022). The ultimate goal of the Olympic games is to cultivate human being by sports with an aim
to contribute towards world’s peace. In this context, summer as well as the winter games are
organized separately. These games are regulated by international committee of Olympics.
World expositions: World expos are known as the international registered exhibition. It
is basically gathering of nations with an aim to find the solutions by offering a journey within a
universal theme. In other words, there are millions of people are likely to visit in World expos. In
this context, the first world expo was organized in London 1851. Since then the concept become
highly popular and started to repeat across the world. In the modern era, world expos are
unrivalled within international events in terms of size, duration and visitors number. In addition
to this, these are the major platforms in terms of facilitating the education and progress (About
World Expos, 2022).
Impact of mega events within local communities
According to Horne, (2021), it is analyzed that mega events put a significant impact on
the local communities. Hosting the mega events offers opportunities to the local people to
maintain collaboration among the people of different cultures. Further, it enhances the feelings
such as community pride, strengths, cultural values and more. Apart from this, the mega events
also facilitates the tourism within the country so that more and more people visit to the nation
significantly. In addition to this, mega events also creates a positive image of the nation
worldwide with an aim to gain the attention of tourists. It strengths the image of the country
across the world which further facilitates the tourism in an efficient manner. The major
economic drivers of hosting mega events are the economic as well as the social benefits in short
as well as long run(Eddy and Cork, 2018). It is analyzed that the mega events put a positive
impact on the host nation in terms of positive economic impacts. For instance, hosting the mega
events helps a company in building international identity with an aim to attract the capital and
people. Basically, it helps in improving the image of the host country across the world. On the

other side, mega events are also useful in terms of urban transformation (Examining the Impacts
of Mega-Events on Urban Development Using Coupling Analysis: A Case Study of the Boao
Forum for Asia, 2020). For this purpose a significant amount is invested in infrastructure
development while organizing such events. It is analyzed that the mega events create
opportunities of earning income for the people of local communities. It creates opportunities to
earn livelihood for the local people. Also, organizing the mega event is helpful in gaining the
attention of tourists in an efficient manner(Getz and Page, 2019). The study will cover the impact
of mega events within local communities.
Nowadays sustainability has become a significant aspect of mega events studies. Now,
more and more planners are emphasizing on sustainability when they hold mega events. In this
context, the coordination between urban development and mega event is highly important in
attainment of sustainability in profound manner (Zimbalist, 2020). Apart from this, mega events
are also helpful in terms of facilitating the economic development significantly.
It is monitored that the major focus of mega events is on driving the economic benefits
like tax revenues for government, increase employment, improve quality of services, generating
business opportunities and more. Mega events are helpful in destination development with
enhancement in the flow of tourists, length of their stay and expenditure and more. Apart from
this, mega events are likely to enhance the awareness of the host country as tourism destination.
In addition to this, hosting mega events increased the international reputation of the country,
improves the image of destination and generate new opportunities for the investors that might
enhance the commercial opportunities for the host country(Parent and Ruetsch, 2020). Through
hosting mega events, it is possible to put significant positive impact on the socio cultural
interaction of the local communities. If a country host the event, the local residents of the
respective country get the opportunity to meet with the people of different cultures. Through this,
they can easily increase the community pride, strengthen the values potentially. Hosting the
mega events generates entertainment, relaxation opportunities for the local people. If the
residents, think that their interaction will put positive impact on the community, they are likely to
take interest in the community interaction. Therefore, the mega events put a significant impact on
the local communities in terms of enhancing the employment opportunities, sources of revenue

generation, increasing tourism and more(Zimbalist, 2020). This will help in growth of the local
people so that they can achieve tremendous amount of success in an efficient manner.
Challenges faced by the countries while organizing the mega event
According to Jones, (2020), it is analyzed that the mega events are highly important for
the growth of local communities. hosting mega events increased the international reputation of
the country, improves the image of destination and generate new opportunities for the investors
that might enhance the commercial opportunities for the host country. Through hosting mega
events, it is possible to put significant positive impact on the socio cultural interaction of the
local communities. However, there are several challenges faced by the countries while
organizing the mega events. Hosting major events can create several challenges for the local
organizers. According to some recent predictions the income generated from the hosting of mega
events was lower than anticipation. In addition, the cost of organizing such event was also high.
These type of incidents can create issues for the organizers. To host the events, the hosting nation
needs to invest in infrastructure, veneus and more apart from the daily operational cost. It is
monitored that hosting such events includes various principle-agent relationship. Most of the
time, government is likely to act as the principal whereas the other stakeholders like local people,
entrerenuers and more likely to act as agents (The Challenges of Hosting Major Events Owned
by International Federations: A Case Study of the 2014 Chess Olympics). In organizing and
making necessary arrangements for mega events also incur huge amount of cost. The major
reason of conducting mega event is to promote the tourism within the country. But, the impact of
mega events also depend on the size of the city.
It is found that government plays the role of principal by offering the funds for the event.
Here, the intervention of government exists as they provide funds for the event. This is because
events also create positive impact on the local communities by encouraging them to do more
exercise with an aim to create positive health related benefits(Graeff and Knijnik, 2021). One of
the main significant reasons of organizing the mega event is to promote the tourism. Sometimes,
mega events are not likely to created expected positive impact on tourism. Most of the time the
impact of tourism is lower than the expectations. Tourists also consider the price of
accommodations and other such facilities while visiting to a particular city. Apart from this, there

is no surety that sports event create legacy and enhances the sports participation within the host
nation.
It is monitored that the popular events are awarded through auctions. Apart from paying
the fees, there is requirement to pay some additional fees by the owner. Sometimes, it can be
costly as they need to invest in terms of infrastructure & venues. Here, circumstances of auction
stages might put impact on the distribution cost & revenue (Roche, 2017). It is often seen that
many countries place bid to organize the mega event. If the organizers really wish to organize the
event within the nation, they are required to spend significant amount on resources and other
infrastructure requirements. In this case, sport federation is likely to compete with each other
with an aim to grab the attention of more and more fans as well as sponsors. Due to this, the cost
of organizing the event increases than the revenue it generates. Besides this, the organizers need
to arrange necessary tools, resources so that the entire event can be hosted properly(Tzanelli,
2017). Without having the necessary resources, it is quite difficult to attract as well as retain the
tourists for longer duration. Therefore the hosting nations have to face several challenges while
taking decisions of hosting a mega event.
Summary:
From the above-mentioned information, it is summarized that mega events are the events
which are organized for a specific duration to attract the large number of visitors. It incurs huge
cost and also have a potential impact on environment & population. There are ample of mega
events are organized worldwide such as FIFA world cup, Expo, Asian games and more. It is
monitored that mega events like football world cup, world expositions, Olympic games are
organized with an aim to reach towards higher number of audiences. Now, these events are
considered as a significant way for a city to depict their culture to the audiences across the world.
It is analyzed that mega events put a significant impact on the local communities. Hosting the
mega events offers opportunities to the local people to maintain collaboration among the people
of different cultures. Further, it enhances the feelings such as community pride, strengths,
cultural values and more. In terms of challenges, the mega events creates challenges for the host
nation as the income generated from the hosting of mega events was lower than anticipation. In
addition, the cost of organizing such event was also high. These type of incidents can create
issues for the organizers.

Methodology
Introduction
Research methodology refers to a step by step process to collect, analyze as well as
interpret the available data. It is the specific procedure that is adopted to select, analyze &
process the available information significantly. This section makes the researcher enable to
check the validity and authenticity of the overall research work. In simple words, research
methodology is based on collection of necessary information on a specific topic (Coombes and
Ryder, 2019). It is about how researcher design the study to get valid & authentic results in an
efficient manner. The research methodology included the way to collect the data, who will
collect the data, the method of data collection and the ways to analyze the data.
Research Philosophy: It signifies set of believes that makes the researcher enable to
gather significant amount of information. This is one of the significant elements of research
study that is useful to collect & interpret information in significant manner. Interpretivism and
positivism are two major research philosophies. Interpretivism philosophy is based on different
principle wherein the researcher perform specific role in terms of observing the social world.
This philosophy is based on the interest of the researcher. The other research philosophy is
deductive that is based on analysis of quantitative data & information(WÅhlberg, 2017). In
context of the present research work, interpretivism philosophy has been chosen as it is helpful in
collection of detailed information on a particular topic for the future success of the project.
Research approach: It refers to a complete procedure that is applied in research study to
gain the pre-defined results. This is one the major significant component of research work that is
used to complete the project work successfully. Research approach is a highly crucial part of the
overall study that not only helps in data collection but also assists the researcher in further steps
in terms of data analysis and interpretation. In this context, deductive and inductive are the two
major research approaches which are applied by the researcher in order to reach at meaningful
conclusion. Here, both the research approaches are significant and helpful in driving positive
outcomes. Deductive approach is related with evaluation of the existing information on other
side inductive approach is based on development of new concept(Ratnam, 2019). The present
research work is based on inductive approach to develop significant knowledge base on a
specific topic.

Research strategy: Basically, research strategies are the plans that are prepared for the
accomplishment of research study successfully. Without having a proper research strategy, it is
quite complex to complete the entire project in significant manner. In other words, research
strategies are used as the guide to assist the investigator for successful completion of research
work. In other words, these plans guide the investigator throughout the project work. In this
regard, ample of research strategies are implemented by the researcher in terms of questionnaire
survey, systematic literature review and more(Rosskam, 2018). For present study, systematic
literature review strategy is taken into consideration. By implementing the respective strategy, it
is possible to collect wide range of information on a specific topic. Here, implementing the
respective strategy will make the researcher enable to gather detailed amount of information on a
particular topic.
Research choice: Research choice is a crucial step of the overall research project. It is
classified in three major parts such as mixed method, mono method and multi method. In mono
method, the researcher is required to make choice in terms of one kind of data such as
quantitative and qualitative whereas multi method is related to evaluate two methods at a
particular time. On the other side, the mixed method is related to the combinationof different
methods to attain the pre-defined aims & objectives(Phakiti and et. al., 2018). In context of the
present research work, the investigator has been chosen mono method to analyze the data &
information about a particular topic.
Research methodology: In research study, research methodology is an essential part as it
is related to collection and interpretation of the information. It is the specific procedure that is
adopted to select, analyze & process the available information significantly. This section makes
the researcher enable to check the validity and authenticity of the overall research work. In
simple words, research methodology is based on collection of necessary information on a
specific topic. Quantitative and Qualitative are the two major research methodologies which are
used by the researcher significantly. Here, quantitative methodology is about collection of
numerical information to bring authenticity in the data. In this statistical tools are used for
interpretating the information using statistical tools. On other side, qualitative methods are
applied to collect in-depth and detailed information(Acharyya and Bhattacharya, 2019). For the
completion of the present research study qualitative method has been chosen as it is useful in