Representative Bureaucracy: Levels, Impacts, and Analysis

This report provides an overview of representative bureaucracy, beginning with its historical background and characteristics. It examines the concept across local, state, and federal government levels, differentiating between active and passive representations. The report further analyzes the positive and negative impacts of representative bureaucracy, specifically in law enforcement and education. The content draws upon various scholarly sources, including works by Krislov, Sowa & Selden, Weber, Merton, and Sørensen, providing an annotated bibliography and a comprehensive list of references to support the analysis of the topic. The report aims to shed light on how bureaucratic structures influence public administration and leadership.

Running head: REPRESENTATIVE BUREAUCRACY 1
Representative Bureaucracy
Outline
A. Introduction
I. Historical background
II. Characteristics of bureaucracy
B. The levels of governments
I. Local level of governments
II. State level of governments
III. Federal level of governments
3.0 Representative bureaucracy
I. Active representations
II. Passive representations
4.0 Impact of Representative Bureaucracy
I. positive impact
II. Negative impact
III. Law enforcement
IV. Impact of education
5.0 Conclusion

REPRESENTATIVE BUREAUCRACY 2
6.0 References
Annotated bibliography
Krislov, S. (2012). Representative bureaucracy. Quid Pro Books.
The writer is a professor of political science and law at the University of Minnesota. The
book covers much on bureaucracy. The content argues that political institutions are represented
in public bureaucracies. The content is relevant to my paper as it covers literature related to
bureaucracy and public administration.
Sowa, J. E., & Selden, S. C. (2003). Administrative discretion and active representation: An
expansion of the theory of representative bureaucracy. Public Administration Review, 63(6),
700-710.
Sowa represents the Southern Carolina departments of political science and as an
associate professor in the Lynchburg college management field. The author covers much on
active representation as a form of representative bureaucracy. It covers discretion among
administrators claiming that they need to produce results that reflect the values of people being
led. The relevance to the paper is in its bureaucratic coverage.
Weber, M. (2015). Bureaucracy. In Working in America (pp. 29-34). Routledge.
The author is a German theorist and sociologist. The article explores aspects of
bureaucracy and principles of management. It defines bureaucracy in general, the six principles

REPRESENTATIVE BUREAUCRACY 3
of the term, and organizational administration. The content marks a good source of literature for
the public administration paper.
Merton, R. K. (2003). Bureaucratic structure and personality. Soc. F., 18, 560.
The author is a sociologist from America and a professor in the University of Colombia
working in the science department. It covers much on social structure as involving officials,
activities inn organizations. These officials carry out different tasks to ensure that firms remain
intact. The book remains relevant since its content touches on aspects of bureaucratic structures,
and dysfunctions.
Sørensen, J. B. (2007). Bureaucracy and entrepreneurship: Workplace effects on
entrepreneurial entry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(3), 387-412.
The author works as professor at Stanford University in the public management
department. The article relates entrepreneurship and bureaucracy. It relates people who work in
old and new firms and their likelihood of being successful in business leadership. The relevance
is in the way the content is related to public administration and leadership in firms.

REPRESENTATIVE BUREAUCRACY 4
References
Krislov, S. (2012). Representative bureaucracy. Quid Pro Books.
Merton, R. K. (2003). Bureaucratic structure and personality. Soc. F., 18, 560.
Sørensen, J. B. (2007). Bureaucracy and entrepreneurship: Workplace effects on entrepreneurial
entry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(3), 387-412.
Sowa, J. E., & Selden, S. C. (2003). Administrative discretion and active representation: An
expansion of the theory of representative bureaucracy. Public Administration
Review, 63(6), 700-710.
Weber, M. (2015). Bureaucracy. In Working in America (pp. 29-34). Routledge.