PMGT5871: Safety and Risk Management Plan for Construction Projects

This report delves into the critical aspects of safety and risk management within the construction industry. It examines the causes of accidents, emphasizing the importance of a safe working environment for employees. The research aims to evaluate the impact of a well-developed risk and safety management plan on employee performance, considering factors such as the provision of safety uniforms, regular safety inspections, and training programs. The report reviews literature on the subject, analyzes data from questionnaires and presents findings in tables and graphs. It discusses control measures to reduce accidents, focusing on parameters like safety uniforms, training, first aid, and regular safety checks. The conclusion highlights the necessity of proactive risk management to enhance employee well-being, improve project efficiency, and reduce the likelihood of accidents. The study underscores the need for a comprehensive safety culture that prioritizes employee safety, thereby contributing to improved productivity and project outcomes.

Project Management

Executive Summary:
Most of the accidents and casualty occurs in the construction industry during the working
hours of the labour. Safety is the basic requirement of the employees. Capabilities of the
employees can be extensively improved by providing them safe and secured working
environment. The aim of the research is to find the impact of developing risks and safety
management plan for the employees who are working at the construction site on their
performance. Safety measures are required to develop the safety plan which focuses on
identifying the safety parameters which are required to be used during the working time.
Employees should be provided with safety uniform, gloves, goggles, shoes, and helmets.
Regular inspection of safety checks at construction site should be performed so that highly
risk error prone area can be identified.

Contents
1 Project Title:.......................................................................................................................3
2 Introduction.........................................................................................................................3
Research Aim:........................................................................................................................3
3 Literature Review...............................................................................................................3
Causes of Accident occurrence at work place........................................................................4
Monitoring and designing of safety plan................................................................................4
Safety Health Program...........................................................................................................5
Safety Measures......................................................................................................................6
4 Findings..............................................................................................................................7
5 Discussion.........................................................................................................................14
Control Measures for reducing rate of accidents..................................................................15
Summary...............................................................................................................................15
6 Conclusion........................................................................................................................16
7 References.........................................................................................................................16
List of Tables:
Table 1: Shows findings of questionnaire question “Do you use safety uniform at workplace”
....................................................................................................................................................7
Table 2: Shows the findings of “Does the organization arrange training and safety program
for the employees?”....................................................................................................................8
Table 3: Shows the finding of “Does the organization provide first aid and medical facility at
workplace?”................................................................................................................................9
Table 4: Shows the findings of “What are the main causes of accidents”...............................10
Table 5: Shows findings of “Which is the main safety prevention method”...........................11

Table 6: Shows the finding of level of knowledge about the safety measures........................12
Table 7: Shows the findings of “Who is responsible for minimizing the accident occurrence at
work place?”.............................................................................................................................13
Table 8: Shows the findings of “What types of accidents are most fatal?”.............................14
Table 9: Shows the finding of “What are the parameters on which focus should be given to
minimize the occurrence of accident at work place?”.............................................................15
List of Graphs
Graph 1: Illustrates the findings of use of safety uniform at workplace....................................8
Graph 2: Illustrates the findings of Organization arrange training and safety program............9
Graph 3: Illustrates the findings of organization provide first aid and medical facility at
workplace.................................................................................................................................10
Graph 4: Illustrates the findings of what are the main causes of accidents.............................11
Graph 5: Illustrates the findings of main safety prevention methods......................................12
Graph 6: Illustrates the findings of level of knowledge about the safety measures.................13
Graph 7: Illustrates the findings of who is responsible for minimizing the accident occurrence
at work place............................................................................................................................14
Graph 8: Illustrates the findings of types of accidents are most fatal......................................15
Graph 9: Illustrates the parameters on which focus is given to minimize the occurrence of
accidents at work place............................................................................................................17

1 Project Title:
Safety and risks management plan for construction program
2 Introduction
Decision making capability of the project manager enhances by exploring the risks
accompanied with the project development phases at an early stage of the project. Efficiency
and effectiveness of the project get increased by deploying required risks management plan
for controlling the occurrence of accidents and casualty at work place (Jehanzeb, , and
Bashir, 2013). Profitability and turnover of the enterprise is depending on the development of
well-designed safety management for employees so that their connectivity with the
organization coordinated. Most of the accidents and casualty occurs in the construction
industry during the working hours of the labour (Mabaso, and Dlamini, 2017). Complexity at
work place increases chance of accident to occur. Safety is the basic requirement of the
employees. Capabilities of the employees can be extensively improved by providing them
safe and secured working environment. Designing of the risks management plan helps in
providing the good and healthy environment to the employees. Activities of the stakeholder
can be controlled by developing the safety management plan for them to reduce the risks
before their occurrence. Initialization of risk mitigation policies and strategies is the way to
monitor and control the works and action taken by the individual at work place (Tessema,
Ready, and Embaye, 2017). Alignment of business operations fosters the work distribution
with proper control, authority, and safe guard system. The purpose of this research paper is to
evaluate from the study of literature paper that how the work safety environment for the
employees can be created by initializing the risks and safety management plan (Ton, 2013).
Research Aim:
The aim of the research is to find the impact of developing risks and safety management plan
for the employees who are working at the construction site on their performance.
3 Literature Review
During the investigation, literature papers presented by different researcher are studied and
analysed on safety and risks management in construction industry. Project manager is

authorised for developing the framework which emphasis on the safety policies, training,
periodic inspection, risks identification, arranging meeting, determining solution to minimize
risks and increases safety environment.
Causes of Accident occurrence at work place
Poor practices of the safety procedures results in the occurrence of accidents because
employees are not aware of the end results of working on the highly risky construction site
(Yaghoobi, Moradi, Nooghabi, 2015). Relationship exists between the safety parameters and
risks management plan. Taking step forward in providing safety parameters helps in
completing the work with minimal risks and smooth flow of operations can be completed
(Yamamoto, 2011). Risks during the construction program can be minimized by managing
good coordination and cooperation between the contractor, sub-contractor, supplier, and
labour staff. Conflict and chaotic environment get created due to the improper distribution of
resources and responsibilities provided to them. It is the prior responsibility of the project
manager to look after the distribution of duties according to the capabilities of the employees
with required resources so that they can finish their task within allocated time and cost
(Zhang, and Pan, 2013). Planning of the safety policies helps in bringing awareness in the
employees during the project start-up phase.
Monitoring and designing of safety plan
Monitoring and designing of safety plan depends on determining the major causes of
accidents at construction site and identifying the risks associated with the complete lifecycle
of the project. Employees are not having sufficient knowledge to use the technical equipment,
no proper training and development program arranged for the employees, fall from the
height, disputes among the colleagues, fall from the ladder, no safety equipment, and others.
Major cause of accident occurrence is no knowledge of safety equipment to protect them
from the disaster. Construction companies should determine the causes of accident
occurrence and design the safety policies to minimize their probabilities (Ajose, 2017).
Carelessness of the top management in providing safety dresses, shoes, and their importance
to wear regularly at work place. Proper monitoring program is designed to look on the safety
parameters followed by the labour during their working hours. Prevention from accidents is
the best policy which has to be driven by the organization to increase their turnover and
profitability earned. Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) designed policies
and parameters to provide safety to the staff members during their working hours at the
construction site.

Safety Health Program
Safety health program is to be organized in the enterprise regularly so that employees get
knowledge about how they can keep themselves safe at work place (Brown, Gray,, McHardy,
and Taylor, 2015).
 Arranging safety training: Designing of safety policies is not important. It is important
to focus on about the awareness and knowledge of the employees to implement the
safety policies designed for their benefit at work place. Training and development
program should be arranged to become interactive with them and their thought
process can be changed about the way of their traditional working practices (Ekere,
and Amah, 2014). Division of role and responsibilities should be done on the basis of
their skills and qualification because it is difficult for the employees to adopt new
environment by which they are not familiar and have no knowledge about it.
Application of first aid treatment in case of accident occur helps in optimizing their
connectivity and collaboration among the team members.
 Periodic safety meetings: Real life facts should be collected about the high risks areas
so that persons who are working there can be properly monitored. Monitoring and
designing of safety plan depends on determining the major causes of accidents at
construction site and identifying the risks associated with the complete lifecycle of the
project. Light thrown on the causes of accident occurrence helps in designing new
policies and insurance cover provided to the employees (Saeed, 2017).
 Providing safety uniform, shoes, and goggles: It is recommended for the workers to
wear proper safety uniform, shoes, and goggles to secure themselves from the
occurrence of disaster because prevention is better than cure. Proactive preparedness
for the risks occurrence helps in minimizing its impact and probability. It is required
to identify risks associated with the project during the project start-up phase so that
risks mitigation policies by evaluating the historical data (Selvam, Priyadarshini,
2015).
 Cleanliness: Disease and infection can be controlled by using the clean working
environment. It is the responsibility of every worker to keep their nearby surrounding
clean. it helps in minimizing the rate of accidental fall, slip, and unhealthy to a high
extent. Eating and rest areas should be kept clean.
 Availability of required resources: Risks during the construction program can be
minimized by managing good coordination and cooperation between the contractor,

sub-contractor, supplier, and labour staff. Conflict and chaotic environment get
created due to the improper distribution of resources and responsibilities provided to
them. It is the prior responsibility of the project manager to look after the distribution
of duties according to the capabilities of the employees with required resources so that
they can finish their task within allocated time and cost. Coordination and control
over the resource distribution should be kept so that resources can be accessed by
each participant and they can complete their work flawlessly without any conflict.
 Identification of risks and its management: Risk management plan should be designed
for the known risks so that proactive application of preventive measures helps in
minimizing its impact and probability of occurrence at work place. Assessment of
risks with respect to its severity and likelihood helps in evaluating the completion of
tasks efficiently.
Safety Measures
Safety measures are required to develop the safety plan which focuses on identifying the
safety parameters which are required to be used during the working time. Safety is the basic
requirement of the employees. Regular monitoring and checking of safety policies followed
by the employees at work place such as wearing safety uniform, goggles for eye protection,
gloves for hands, helmets for head, shoes for foot, and others. Capabilities of the employees
can be extensively improved by providing them safe and secured working environment.
Awareness and training camps should be scheduled so that personal safety skills and
application of first aid treatment can be enhanced. Control policies and monitoring programs
are designed by arranging periodic meetings in the benefit of the workers. Medical facilities
should be provided at the construction site so that instant treatment can be provided to the
employees in case of disaster occurs. Preventive measures should be followed by the workers
at workplace so that impact of accidental causes can be minimized. Employees should be
provided with safety uniform, gloves, goggles, shoes, and helmets. Regular inspection of
safety checks at construction site should be performed so that highly risk error prone area can
be identified. Barriers should be placed at the danger site of the construction areas. Chance of
error occurrence gets increased due to the overloading employees with work. Identification of
risks and safety measures in the project initiation phase helps in reducing the risks severity,
likelihood, impact, and its probability of occurrence by developing proactive action plan and
mitigation strategies. It helps in improving the profitability and turnover of the enterprise.

4 Findings
Questionnaire was arranged with the participants to extract information regarding the safety
measures and precaution taken by them at work place. It helps in evaluating the impact of
developing risks and safety management plan for the employees who are working at the
construction site on their performance. It was arranged with 26 participants who are related
with the construction site and having experience of working at site. List of questions and their
relevant answers collected from the participants is shown clearly on the graph and table
below:
 Do you use safety uniform at workplace?
Safety uniform is the necessary to prevent employee from the accidents at work place but
sometimes due to limited knowledge about the advantages and benefits of safety policies
lacks using safety dress code regularly at workplace. In the research, we have identified that
most of the participants, use safety dress code not at regular basis. There is a range of
participants who have no knowledge about the safety uniform. It means that their
organization is irresponsible with respect to the health and safety issues of the employees.
Table 1: Shows findings of questionnaire question “Do you use safety uniform at
workplace”
X-axis Regular Not-regular Sometimes Never
Do you use
safety uniform
at workplace
7 4 8 7
Graph 1: Illustrates the findings of use of safety uniform at workplace

Regular Not-regular Sometimes Never
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Do you use safety uniform at
workplace
Do you use safety uniform
at workplace
 Does the organization arrange training and safety program for the employees?
It is the responsibility of the organization to arrange training for safety program should be
arranged for the employees at regular basis so that they become aware about the safety
practices used at work site and application of first aid provided to the colleagues in case of
emergency occurs. There is a mixed type of answers provided by the participants about the
safety practices offered by their organization.
Table 2: Shows the findings of “Does the organization arrange training and safety
program for the employees?”
X-axis Yes No Can’t say
Does the
organization arrange
training and safety
program for the
employees?
13 12 2
Graph 2: Illustrates the findings of Organization arrange training and safety program

Yes No Can’t say
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Does the organization arrange
training and safety program for the
employees?
Does the organization
arrange training and safety
program for the
employees?
 Does the organization provide first aid and medical facility at workplace?
Most of the participants appreciate their organization in providing medical facilities in
emergency situation. Carelessness of the top management in providing safety dresses, shoes,
and their importance to wear regularly at work place. Proper monitoring program is designed
to look on the safety parameters followed by the labour during their working hours.
Table 3: Shows the finding of “Does the organization provide first aid and medical
facility at workplace?”
X-axis Yes No Can’t say
Does the
organization provide
first aid and medical
facility at workplace?
13 12 2
Graph 3: Illustrates the findings of organization provide first aid and medical facility at
workplace

Yes No Can’t say
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Does the organization provide first
aid and medical facility at
workplace?
Does the organization
provide first aid and
medical facility at
workplace?
 What are the main causes of accidents?
By studying the literature paper, we have identified that the major causes of accidents are
categorised as fall from the height, struck with the objects, hit by the vehicle, tiredness,
overloaded with work, electricity, and others. Major reason for the occurrence of accidents is
a fall from a height.
Table 4: Shows the findings of “What are the main causes of accidents”
X-axis Fall
from
the
height
Struck
with the
object
Hit by
the
vehicle
Tiredness Overloadin
g with work
Electricity Others
What are
the main
causes of
accidents?
11 2 4 4 2 2 2
Graph 4: Illustrates the findings of what are the main causes of accidents