Qualitative Research: Women Smoking During Pregnancy in the UK

This document presents a qualitative research proposal focused on the issue of women smoking during pregnancy. The proposal begins with an introduction that highlights the ongoing health challenges and the significance of studying this topic within the UK healthcare context. The research aims to examine the impact of smoking on the health of pregnant women, exploring the risks and the reasons why women continue to smoke despite being aware of the dangers. A thorough literature review examines existing research on the topic, focusing on the addictiveness of nicotine and the declining but still concerning rates of smoking among pregnant women. The methodology section details the qualitative research approach, sampling strategy, ethical considerations, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques. The proposal also includes a timeline and anticipates the findings and discussion points, emphasizing the role of addiction and habit in influencing smoking behavior. The conclusion underscores the importance of interventions and awareness programs in improving health outcomes for both mothers and their children. The proposal is supported by a comprehensive bibliography of relevant sources.

Qualitative Research
Proposal

Table of Contents
Title- Women smoking during pregnancy.......................................................................................4
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
Background of the research.........................................................................................................4
Research question and aims.............................................................................................................4
Research Aim...............................................................................................................................4
Research Objectives.....................................................................................................................4
Research Question.......................................................................................................................5
Literature Review............................................................................................................................5
Women in UK continue smoking during pregnancy although they are aware of the risks.........5
Methodology....................................................................................................................................6
Research method..........................................................................................................................6
Sampling strategy........................................................................................................................6
Ethical considerations..................................................................................................................6
Data Collection............................................................................................................................6
Data Analysis...............................................................................................................................7
Timeline.......................................................................................................................................7
.........................................................................................................................................................8
.........................................................................................................................................................8

Findings and Discussion..................................................................................................................8
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9
Bibliography....................................................................................................................................9

Title- Women smoking during pregnancy
Introduction
In present time, healthcare industry is dealing with ample number of health related issues which
has not only impacted upon health standards of citizens of United Kingdom but it has also raised
questions on the different interventions that has made by government to reduce the impact
(Quinlan and et. al., 2019). Over the years, smoking has been a crucial subject to study for the
investigators and in the same way this present report is also going to focus on the particular
subject which is women smoking during pregnancy. Basically, women who smoke during
pregnancy are putting themselves and their child in danger of genuine mischief except if they do
not show the propensity, the NHS has cautioned. If it is talk about the health of pregnant women
then smoking has impacted negatively on the health conditions and it is not only on the mother’s
health but on health conditions of child as well.
Background of the research
Over the years, government of United Kingdom has made ample number of interventions in
order to reduce the numbers of pregnant woman who smokes through to bring awareness among
them in relation to quit smoking. Based on the information given by NHS, it was mentioned that
every pregnant lady will be offered an electronic carbon monoxide test at their antenatal
arrangements. Any lady alluded for expert exhortation to stop will get it. Any eager mum who
smokes or has as of late quit will be offered expert help all through pregnancy, including as late
as 36 weeks into the infant's turn of events (Orcher, 2016). The administration has set a national
aspiration to diminish the quantity of ladies smoking at the hour of conveyance to under 6% of
all pregnancies by 2022. 66% of regions in London accomplished this objective with parts of the
capital seeing paces of somewhere in the range of 1% and 3%. At the opposite finish of the scale
is Blackpool, where progressively one of every four ladies kept on smoking as far as possible up
to the introduction of their youngster.
Research question and aims
Research Aim
To examine the impact of smoking over the health condition of women during pregnancy.

Research Objectives
 To critically explore recognition about women smoking during pregnancy in UK.
 To articulate the risk factors that are arises due to smoking during pregnancy.
 To analyse the impact of smoking over the health condition of pregnant women.
Research Question
Why do women in UK continue smoking during pregnancy although they are aware of the risks?
Literature Review
Women in UK continue smoking during pregnancy although they are aware of the risks
According to Daher and et. al., (2017), addictiveness is considered to be one of the crucial
problem that came in front which specifically pushes women that are pregnant to continuously
smoke even if they know about how risky it is to smoke while they are pregnant. However,
numbers of smoking pregnant women in United Kingdom has reduced over decades. The NHS'
birthing specialist has deliver the information that albeit less grown-ups generally are smoking,
and maternity smoking explicitly has tumbled from 92,123 ladies ten years prior, a year ago in
excess of approximately 61,000 women that are pregnant to be more than one of every ten of
every single pregnant lady – were all the while smoking at the time they conceived an offspring.
As a major aspect of the wellbeing administration's Long Term Plan for England, every single
pregnant lady will be offered expert 'Quit smoking' counsel, and an electronic carbon monoxide
test during antenatal arrangements (Myers, 2019)
The new information show Blackpool, Corby, Durham and Mansfield are among various regions
where more than one of every five mums-to-be is a smoker at the hour of work; while hopeful
moms in the London district are to the least extent liable to be smokers, with less than one of
every 20. In spite of the fact that the quantity of ladies smoking while pregnant has fallen by
about a third in the previous decade from 14.6% of all pregnancies in 2008 to 2009 to 10.6%
from 2018 to 2019, the pace of reduction has eased back lately (Holloway and Galvin, 2016).
Just as being a main source of malignancy, illuminating during pregnancy causes specific
medical issues for ladies and even passing for their infants, just as prompting difficulties in
adulthood because of carbon monoxide harming. However, based on the information presented
by NHS Digital, which additionally remember figures for commonness of smoking by age,
solutions information, E-cigarette predominance, clinic confirmations and passing because of

smoking, show that the quantity of grown-up cigarette smokers in England has dropped by
around 1.8m from 7.7m in the year of 2011 to 5.9m in the year of 2018.
Methodology
Research method
Methods provide suitable information regarding particular technique and process which is
useful in collecting suitable data and information that is concerned with the particular topic. In
terms of this there are two prominent research methods that are quantitative and qualitative.
Quantitative consider the question system in order to collect information mean by qualitative
consider interviews surveys experiments and observation in order to collect data and analyse the
behaviour of respondents. Therefore the researcher used qualitative research method in order to
collect the significant information regarding the particular topic as in qualitative information is
provided and converted within the diagrams and tables.
Sampling strategy
Sampling is considered as the procedure which is useful in popping the predetermined
observation from the huge number of people in order to carry forward the research within the
stipulated period of time. It is selected on the grounds of various common characteristics and
features of the people (Tracy, 2019). Along with this within a sample it’s been around 40
respondents are selected in order to give their feedback and perception on the topic. If it is talked
about the respondents that has been taken into consideration then these are pregnant woman who
specifically smokes.
Ethical considerations
Ethical consideration described as one of the most significant part of research as it include
the dignity of research participants and the suitable consent that are obtained from the
participants. Ethical consideration is the aspect of the research that should be considered in the
significant way as it is useful in expanding the discussion considering various effective aspects.
Data Collection
There are two prominent types of data which is useful in collecting the detailed
information by the researcher. This is the primary source provide first and information to the
investigator regarding the particular topic without any alteration and changes and the information
is collected through interviews surveys and many more. Secondary source of data provide

suitable access regarding the data and information that is collected by any other investigator and
it is based on past situation. It also include past records literature journals and documents from
the online websites.
Data Analysis
Data analysis describes the procedure which is considered by the investigator in order to
eliminate relevant data from the story and interpret it through their vision. Therefore, by the
researcher both the sources are considered that are primary and secondary as both of them are
helpful in collecting suitable information (Amankwaa, 2016).
Timeline

Findings and Discussion
Based on the information that has presented, it is pretty much clear that considering
addictiveness is one of the crucial aspect of why women who are pregnant cannot specifically
leave smoking even at the time when they know about how risk it can be for their child and their

own health conditions. Nicotine a chemical that stays present in cigarettes specifically
considered as one of the crucial element which makes an individual additive to smoke as body
after when the addiction takes place body asks for proper amount of nicotine as it reduces
depression and other elements like anxiety from the body (Holloway and Galvin, 2016).
Including this, habit is also another element which pushes pregnant women to smoke cigarettes
even when they are aware of the fact that smoking cigarettes while they are pregnant it can lead
them to face ample number of difficulties at the time of delivery and so on.
Conclusion
Considering the above mentioned report, it can easily be said that with the help of proper
interventions and different programs different health conditions can easily be improvised through
spreading awareness. In relation to spreading awareness of how badly smoking can impact on the
child's health conditions and along with the health conditions of pregnant women government of
United Kingdom has already made various programs along with the interventions which has
helped them in in reducing the rising numbers of women that are pregnant and smokes as well.

Bibliography
Books and Journals
Quinlan, C and et. al., 2019. Business research methods. South Western Cengage.
Orcher, L.T., 2016. Conducting research: Social and behavioral science methods. Routledge.
Daher, M and et. al., 2017, July. Experience and meaning in qualitative research: A conceptual
review and a methodological device proposal. In Forum Qualitative
Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research (Vol. 18, No. 3).
Myers, M.D., 2019. Qualitative research in business and management. Sage Publications
Limited.
Holloway, I. and Galvin, K., 2016. Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. John Wiley
& Sons.
Tracy, S.J., 2019. Qualitative research methods: Collecting evidence, crafting analysis,
communicating impact. John Wiley & Sons.
Amankwaa, L., 2016. CREATING PROTOCOLS FOR TRUSTWORTHINESS IN
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 23(3).