Dissertation: Impact of Sustainability Reports on Company Performance

This dissertation investigates the multifaceted impact of sustainability reports on companies. It begins by defining corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its role in integrating social and environmental interests into business operations, emphasizing the triple bottom line (TBL) framework. The research aims to analyze the influence of sustainability reports on financial performance, operating models, and market reputation, posing specific research questions to guide the investigation. The study's rationale highlights the increasing importance of sustainability reporting and its potential benefits for organizational growth, brand image, and market share. The dissertation's significance lies in providing insights for firms to understand and improve their sustainability reporting practices, as well as offering a foundation for further research. The dissertation is structured into five chapters, covering an introduction, literature review, research methodologies, data analysis, and conclusions with recommendations. The literature review explores the concept of sustainability reports, their impact on financial aspects, operating models, company reputation, and relevant legal standards. The research methodologies section outlines the research philosophy, design, approaches, strategy, data collection methods, sampling, data analysis, ethical considerations, and limitations. The data analysis chapter examines the impact of sustainability practices on financial performance, market reputation, and operating models. Finally, the conclusion and recommendations chapter summarizes the findings and suggests areas for improvement. The study uses both primary and secondary data for thematic analysis.

DISSERTATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER1: INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................1
1.1 Overview of study............................................................................................................1
1.2 Aim and objectives...........................................................................................................1
1.3 Research Questions..........................................................................................................2
1.4 Rationale of study.............................................................................................................2
1.5 Significance......................................................................................................................3
1.6 Dissertation structure........................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................5
2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................5
2.2 The concept of sustainability report.................................................................................5
2.3 Impact of sustainability report on the financial aspect of the company...........................6
2.4 Role of sustainability report on the operating model of the company.............................8
2.5 Effect of sustainability report on the reputation of the company.....................................8
2.6 Different legal standards considered by the company for monitoring sustainability.....10
CHAPTER: 3 RESERACH METHODOLOGIES........................................................................12
3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................12
3.2 Research philosophy.......................................................................................................12
3.3 Research design..............................................................................................................13
3.4 Research approaches......................................................................................................13
3.5 Research strategy............................................................................................................14
3.6 Data collection methods.................................................................................................14
3.7 Sampling.........................................................................................................................15
3.8 Data analysis...................................................................................................................16
3.9 Ethical consideration......................................................................................................17
3.10 Research limitation.......................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS................................................................................................19
4,1 Introduction....................................................................................................................19
4.2 Discussion.......................................................................................................................19
Impact of sustainability practices on financial performance................................................19

Impact of sustainable business practices on market reputation............................................22
Impact of sustainable business practices on operating model..............................................23
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.....................................................25
5.1 Conclusion......................................................................................................................25
5.2 Recommendation............................................................................................................26
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................28

CHAPTER1: INTRODUCTION
Title: What is the function and importance of sustainability report to companies?
1.1 Overview of study
Corporate Social Responsibility is a concept through which companies are able to
incorporate social and environmental interest, in order to manage their business functionality. It
supports in understanding various profitable and non-profitable efforts of the organisation. With
the help of this process company ensure satisfying their responsibility towards all the
stakeholders such as customers, investors and communities. Through applying this approach
establishments are able to fulfil their environmental, economic and social responsibilities,
following triple bottom line (TBL) (Adams and et.al., 2016 ). TBL is an accounting framework,
which includes environment, economic and social factors. This is applied as one of the proven
methods through which firms can maintain their competitiveness without making any
compromise. It helps in analysing key issues effective such as environmental engagement, proper
resource utilization, stakeholder’s engagement, employees and organisation relationship, etc.
The aim of the study is to explore the impact of the sustainability on different
functionality of the companies. In current scenario, all organisations publish CSR reports which
provide details about firm human resource management, environmental integrity, protection of
consumer rights, corporate governance mechanism and others. The present dissertation is based
on the role of CSR activities in order to analyse various factors and examine its impact on firm
financial status, operating model and its market reputation as well (Ball, Grubnic and Birchall,
2014). With the help of these strategies they are able to present their information and supports in
make effective decisions. Along with this plays significant role in converting an opportunity into
advantageous or disadvantageous for the company. Through applying this method, they are able
to discuss various aspects and on the basis of necessary steps can be adopted by the firm. As per
the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), the sustainability report of the companies is based on
several factors such as social, environmental, economic and governance.
1.2 Aim and objectives
Aim: “To analyse the impact of sustainability report on various functionality of the companies
such as brand value, operational and financial status. “
Objectives:
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 To develop critical understanding on the concept of sustainability report.
 To evaluate the impact of sustainability report on the financial performance of
companies.
 To analyse the impact of corporate sustainability report on the operating model of the
companies
 To determine the effect of sustainability report on company’s market reputation
 To analyse legislation and mandatory standards considered by the company for
monitoring sustainable development.
1.3 Research Questions
Q.1 What is the concept of sustainability report?
Q.2 How sustainability report influence or affects the financial performance of different
companies?
Q.3 How sustainability report helps companies in the development of prominent operating
model?
Q.4 Is sustainability report has impact on the brand image and market share of organization?
Q.5 Which laws and standards are followed by the companies while reporting their CSR?
1.4 Rationale of study
The rationale behind conducting the present study is to assess the extent to CSR or
sustainability reporting has impact on organizational performance in both monetary and non-
monetary terms. It is considered as issue because now there is several numbers of companies
which do not lay high level of emphasis on sustainability reporting. It is the main issue now
because sustainability reporting aspects offer high level of benefits to the business organization
in terms of increasing revenue, brand image and market share. However, due to the lack of
having awareness regarding such aspect some business units do not prepare and disclose their
sustainability reports (Haigh and Hoffman, 2014). Hence, by conducting thematic analysis
through using both primary and secondary data scholar will entail the level to which
sustainability reporting system makes vital contribution in the growth of firm.
1.5 Significance
The present study and its findings are highly significant which in turn provides assistance
to the firms in understanding the aspects of sustainability reporting. Besides this, outcome of
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dissertation will help companies in assessing the extent to which sustainability reporting aid in
the growth and success of firm. Hence, by taking into account such study companies would
become able to take corrective measures for enhancing the reputation and overall performance.
Besides this, results of study will also help other scholars in understanding the concept of CSR
and significance of reporting. In the recent times, several researchers are interested in exploring
the use of sustainability reporting in the context of business organization. Thus, by using the
current study, scholars would become able to develop brief thesis and hypothesis for further
evaluation. By considering the all such aspects, it can be said that present study will offer high
level of benefits to the companies and other scholars.
1.6 Dissertation structure
The present dissertation is consisting of following chapters:
Chapter 1 Introduction: This chapter of the dissertation provide brief details about
overview of the study, aim and objectives, rationale and potential significance as well. It
helps in developing the basis of the study. This supports in building research framework
and explores covered area in the study.
Chapter 2 Literature Review: In this part of the study, critical analysis takes place
based on the aim and objectives. In this process information is gathered with the help of
secondary sources, especially, scholarly journals to gain deep understanding of the issue.
Chapter 3 Research methodologies: Under this section, various tools and
methodologies re selected such as data collection, data analysis, research strategy,
paradigm and ethnicity as well (Lock and Seele, 2015). It is considered as an essential
part of the dissertation which helps to obtain justified results.
Chapter 4 Data analysis: In this part of the study analysis of annual reports of various
companies are considered. With the help of this step comparison can be effectively done
on the basis of financial status, operational models and reputation of the company.
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendations: This is considered as last part of the
dissertation, consisting of evaluation and analysis of annual reports. In the process
evaluation is considered based on the information gathered with the help of annual report
of the company of various years. Along with these recommendations are also included
into this part, in order to resolve various issues effectively.
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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Literature review is one of the essential parts of the research. It helps in critically
analysing the issues. In this process secondary information are considered, in order to develop
deep understanding about the topic and gaining knowledge. The present study is based on
determining the importance and functionality of sustainability report. In this process concept of
sustainability report is analysed (Lock and Seele, 2015). Moreover, the investigation will
critically analyse their impact on the processing of financial aspect of the organisation. It
supports in determining their roles for the operating models of the firm is analysed. Along with
this it also supports effect of sustainability report on the reputation of the company. There are
various legal standards also analysed, in order to monitor sustainability of the organisation.
2.2 The concept of sustainability report and related theories or models
Sustainability report is considered as an essential report for any organisation that
describes information based on the environmental, governance, economic and social status of the
company. According to the Marques, da Cruz and Pires (2015), it is an implementation of data
and methods in order to produce results. With the help of this step organisations are able to
maintain balance between internal and external conditions. It helps the firm in connecting
various components and meets their requirement. This is also known as triple bottom line
because through applying this approach, organisations are able to various factors based on
entities like environmental, economic and social. TBL is an accounting framework, which
includes environment, economic and social factors. It helps in improving their performance and
implements sustainability within the organisation. The organisation follows their social
responsibilities values and fulfils their responsibilities with the help of CSR activities. In this
framework and design of the organisation is also considered for determining their effectiveness.
Martínez‐Ferrero, Garcia‐Sanchez and Cuadrado‐Ballesteros (2015), stated that it is a benchmark
process, due to which most of the business groups are considering this feature. It also provides
different aspects such as clarity, balancing, comparability, accuracy, timeliness and reliability.
With the help of that firms are able to analyse quality of their services. As per the view of
Needles Jr and et.al., (2016), it enables the company in making long term developing plans. In
this process both social and economic factors are applied, due to which they are able to maximise
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their growth and profitability. The sustainability report is based on the structuring of the
company, on the basis of that different sets are incorporated.
According to the Rezaee (2017), economical factor is essential for formulating report.
With the help of this step they are able to analyse the financial status of the company such as
profitability, liquidity and asset. Along with this it supports in analysing various risk factors. The
company is analysing growth and demand with the help of these economical facts and figures.
However, it is not able to maintain the development unit of company. Along with this business
group is not able to meet the standards of the society with this only, therefore, other two factors
are also required.
On the contrary side, Searcy and Buslovich (2014) said that environmental factors is most
important because now-a-days, firms are responsible to maintain ecological integrity for the
community. The proper regulation of the resources is essential for the growth of the organisation.
If they are failed to maintain the processing as per the defined structure it will create direct
impact on the production. With the help of this element they are able to implement and regulate
various legislations. Through including this component, they are able to maintain safety and
security of their organisation as well employees.
On the other hand, Siew (2014), stated that various loopholes are also associated such
that it is not able to explain financial status of the company. It does not support the cultural
values of the corporation, due to which it is not enough to generate productive outcomes. As per
the view of Adams and et.al., (2016), social factors of the organisation help in order to maintain
the culture and values. With the help of this step they are formulate standards for different
functions but not able to generate results. Therefore, on the basis of above evaluation it is
critically analysed that all the three elements of the report are equally important. With the help of
these factors they are able to handle different aspect of the company and generate effective
results.
As per the view of Rezaee (2017) CSR includes wide range of role and responsibilities
with which business unit needs to comply. Hence, by making assessment, it has found that each
business organization is required to fulfil all the responsibilities pertaining to the main four
sections such as economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic. On the basis of economical aspects,
business should lay emphasis on offering products or services to the customers at affordable
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prices on the basis of demand. However, Saxton (2016) critically evaluated that economic
responsibilities are highly in against to the aims and objectives of firm. Moreover, in the
competitive environment firm can attain success only when it earns enough profit. In this regard,
Searcy and Buslovich (2014) said that by fulfilling legal accountabilities firm can do CSR and
thereby would become able to get the desired level of outcome or success. Legal responsibilities
include compliance with the employment laws and legislation. On the other side, Cruz and Pires
(2015) depicted firm should follow the legislation related to customers, employees, government
etc. Company can said to be socially responsible only when it follows all the rules and
regulations rather than only employment. Siew (2014) investigated and mentioned in their study
that while performing business activities and function firm should comply with all the ethical
aspects. In other words, it can be said that by developing norms as per the expectations of
customers, employees, investors as well as other stakeholders business organization can do CSR
and thereby would become able to build distinct image in the market.
2.3 Impact of sustainability report on the financial aspect of the company.
Sustainability report creates significant impact on the financial aspect. It consists of three
major components such as environmental, economic and social. According to the Ball, Grubnic
and Birchall, (2014), it helps in analysing the performance and growth of the company. In this
process marketing condition are analysed, based on that various facts and figures are collected
due to which financial status are determined. Along with this research and development activities
also depends on the sustainability report also. All the factors that are analysed weak in this
process are considered under the development process. As per the view of Higgins and
Larrinaga, (2014), organisations are able to develop new structural framework through, it helps
them in order to implement necessary changes in to the process. It helps in maintaining
performance of different level. With the help of effective financial structure of organisation is
able to access various opportunities and maximise their profitability (Show me the money:
Sustainability and financial outperformance, 2017). In order to determine challenges and
opportunities several factors are analysed. In this process, economic factors are considered as
essential. It helps in developing strategies based on the growth and stability of the company. On
the basis of that they are able to determine various risk factors and able to take necessary steps in
order to implement or cancel it.
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As per the view of the Pyo and Lee, (2013) sustainability report creates long term as well
as short term impact on the growth of the company. Through measuring their accounting details,
they are able to measure their profitability and financial status of the firm. With the help of
sustainability report they are able to access various tools and methodologies through which they
are able to effectively implement economic plans and improvise their relationship with
stakeholders. According to the Hosoda and Suzuki, (2015), there are various theories are also
available such as signalling, social identity and customer inference. These management theories
are approaches helps the organisation in understanding the needs and demands of the consumers.
Along with this it also supports in maintaining the manufacturing process. The organisations are
able to minimise their consumption of material due to which they are able to maximise the ratio
of profitability. Through which the organisations are able to maintain their financial stability.
Hur, Kim and Woo, (2014), stated that through applying sustainability reports at the
workplace, companies are able to create significant impact on their performance, net profit and
assets. Most of the firms are considering this approach in order to develop innovative and
creative strategies and also supports in maintaining the balance with the other factors also. It
plays essential role in strengthening the financial structure of the company.
Therefore, on the basis of above research it is analysed that sustainability report plays
significant role in the company. Through implementing this step, they are able to maintain
financial status, along with this it maximises the growth and profitability of the company
(Hosoda and Suzuki, 2015). It also enables the organisation in order to effectively maintaining
the balance between various factors such as social, economic and environmental due to which
they are able to make necessary changes into the manufacturing and development process.
2.4 Role of sustainability report on the operating model of the company.
The role of operational models is significant in order to maintain manufacturing and
development process. It supports them in order to implement effective and creative strategies and
improve performance of operational models. As per the view of the Swaen, Janssen and Du,
(2017) it supports the business organisation in order to make necessary changes into their
fundamental through which they are able to maximise their profitability. Most of the
organisations are considering new technologies through which they are able to increase
production. It also supports in order to maintain sustainable environment condition. Under this
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step they are implementing renewable energy resources. It plays significant role in controlling
pollution level and also reduces the cost of energy and fuels.
According to the de Jong and van der Meer, (2017) through incorporating effective
sustainability report on the operating model companies are able to develop strategies for future.
Along with this it helps in overcoming the mistakes of the business models and develops
understanding on the basis of various factors such as pattern, market place, social capital, etc.
The transformation process is effectively applied into the process due to which, organisations are
able to maintain creativity and innovation into their process. Therefore, with the help of
sustainability report the firms are able to select approaches voluntary.
Lee, Park and Lee, (2013) states that sustainability report implements changes into the
operational model by analysing the relationship with their stakeholders like employees,
investors.
2.5 Effect of sustainability report on the reputation of the company.
Sustainability report plays significant role in order to maintain balance between various
factors of the company such as social, economic and environmental. As per the view of the
Swaen, Janssen and Du, (2017), reputation of the firm is directly influenced by this step.
Through this step the companies try to analysed the needs and demands of the customers. In this
process organisations develops various propaganda on the basis of that strategies are framed.
These all strategies are emphasised on both the primary as well as secondary benefits of the firm.
Along with this interest of social groups are also considered.
On the basis of the Allan and Muirhead, (2017), sustainability report promotes
environment friendly strategies. Some of them are like reducing consumption of material through
recycle and reuse. Considering renewable energy resources for production and manufacturing
process. Along with this different waste management steps can be also implemented in this
activity. It supports the company in order to influence users and make positive impact in the
market place. It strengthens their brand value 'through which they are able to expand their
services at international platform. Therefore, the role of sustainability is significant in
maintaining the growth of the company.
Alonso‐Almeida, Llach and Marimon, (2014), stated that sustainability report promotes
organisation for organising different well-fare activities. With the help of this step firms invests
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some amount of their profitability for the development of the society. With the help of this step
they are able to maintain positive image among the users. Along with this there are various other
charity and donations are also offered to the needed individuals. Through this step they are able
to impose positive impact on the society and polish their brand value. The services provided
to the employees also plays significant role in order to build up trust and reputation of the
company.
As per the view of the Hur, Kim and Woo, (2014), sustainability report helps the
organisation in order to implement ethical code and conducts at the workplace. Through this
process they are able to minimise the risk and challenges. Along with this it supports the
handling all the long term as well as short term issues of the company effectively. During this
process they are able to develop strategies considering various factors (Hosoda and Suzuki,
2015). It helps in maximising the benefits of the company. It enables the organisation in order to
meet needs and expectation of customers, due to which they are able to maintain effective brand
value among them through their quality services.
Therefore, on the basis of above research it is analysed that organisations are able to
increase or maintain their brand value with the help of sustainability report (Hoi, Wu and Zhang,
2013). In this process, various approaches are considered order to maintain reputation some of
them are like charity, donation, implementation of ethical code and conducts at the work place,
applying renewable energy resources, etc. Apart from that there are various offers and services
are also organised through which they are able to make positive impact on the customers. With
the help of these strategies they are able to maintain their organisational reputation and brand
value. It supports them in order to expand their services at international services (de Jong and
van der Meer, 2017).
2.6 Different legal standards considered by the company for monitoring sustainability.
In order to incorporate sustainability report into the company there are several legal
standards are developed. With the help of these step organisations of Hong Kong are able to
maximise their growth and profitability. In this process, various standards are also developed for
encouraging them and reducing their complications. As per the view of the Alonso‐Almeida,
Llach and Marimon, (2014) the Hong Kong stock exchange has introduced reporting guidelines
called as ESG. It is mainly focused on the three elements such as environmental and social
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aspects. It supports the firms by providing guidance, along with this at regular interval various
amendments are also introduced by the government. There are several laws and acts are also
introduced through which firms are able to invest by maintaining quality and security of the
services. In this method of legal standard organisations are considering ethical, environmental
and social.
As per the view of the Swaen, Janssen and Du, (2017) most of the leading companies of
Hong Kong are considering rules and regulation developed by the HKEX's. With the help of this
method they are able to cover all the essential factors. Along with this it also supports in
determining their impact of their strategies on the social and environmental activities. Through
applying this method, they are able to maintain growth of employees, turnover with the help of
annual reports. Apart from that there are various rules and regulations are also imposed such as
National greenhouse and energy reporting act (2007), corporation act (2001), Equality at
workplace act, etc. With the help of these laws effectiveness of the workplace is maintained.
Under the act of National greenhouse and energy reporting (2007), business groups have
switched their processing from non-renewable resources to the renewable energy.
de Jong and van der Meer, (2017) stated that companies are implementing this act into
their process, for this they are replacing their procedures with advance techniques. Through
applying these reporting guidelines emission of gases is reduced at great extent. Along with this
consumption of material is reduced. Apart from that various other acts are also introduced such
as corporation act (2001), under this legislation companies are required to implement all the
environmental rules and regulations strictly. Along with this effective monitoring strategies are
also developed, it helps in maintaining the legal standards. According to the view of the Bedenik
and et.al., (2017) workplace equality act is also necessary part of the ESG legislation and
regulations. With the help of this method administrative agencies are trying to eliminate the
discrimination at the workplace. Under this act both males and females are able to get equal
opportunities. It also plays significant role in order to motivate employees for exploring more
maximum opportunities.
On the basis of above research, it is analysed that legal standard plays significant role in
organisations. With the help of this step they are able to monitor all the activities of various
firms. For this several legal standards offered such as ESG and HKEX. With the help of this step
they are able to control activities of firm (Hur, Kim and Woo, 2014). With the help of these
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reporting guidelines they are able to analyse key approaches like environmental, social, etc.
Apart from that there are various laws are also imposed some of them are like National
greenhouse and energy reporting act (2007), corporation act (2001), Equality at workplace act,
etc (Alonso‐Almeida, Llach and Marimon, 2014).
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CHAPTER: 3 RESERACH METHODOLOGIES
3.1 Introduction
Research methodologies are considered as an essential part of the dissertation. With the
help of this process researchers are provided with different tools and methodologies. Through
applying them they are able to collect and gather meaning data (Hosoda and Suzuki, 2015).
Apart from that it also plays significant role in order to determine various problems and issues
that are associated with the research work. The present research methodology is conducted for
developing deep knowledge about the problems and issues, such as the role of CSR activities in
order to analyse various factors and examine its impact on firm financial status, operating model
and its market reputation as well on the basis of that different strategies are applied for
determining the influencing factors (Hoi, Wu and Zhang, 2013).
3.2 Research philosophy
In order to complete analysis, research philosophy is considered as a belief (de Jong and
van der Meer, 2017). With the help of this step investigator is able to gather determine the
process of collecting information, analysing and examination. This way implemented for
collecting information will creates direct impact on the information gathered at the end of the
process (Allan and Muirhead, 2017). In order to incorporate this step into the process different
methods are provided. They are like interpretivism and positivism research philosophies.
Positivism is based on the scientific methods and tools for the investigation process (Bedenik and
et.al., 2017). Through applying these methods an analyser will be also conduct research at the
large scale and supports in stressing the significant aspect. It also reshapes the believes on the
basis of their social facts and figures.
On the other hand, interpretivism research philosophy is emphasised on the social facts
and theories (Alonso‐Almeida, Llach and Marimon, 2014). In this sequence, no standard
structure is considered for gathering information, due to which complication of the process also
get increased. The present dissertation is based on the role of CSR activities in order to analyse
various factors and examine its impact on firm financial status, operating model and its market
reputation as well.
With the motive to assess the impact of sustainability reporting on the various aspects of
company’s performance mixed philosophy has been used by the researcher. Thus, by
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undertaking both positivism and interpretivism philosophy researcher has depicted the extent to
which sustainability reporting is essential for the growth and success.
3.3 Research design
Research designs refer to the process through which they are able to collaborative various
elements that are present into the research work. It plays significant in order to develop and
gather logical information (Swaen, Janssen and Du, 2017). With the help of this methods
researcher is able to build a blue print, in order to gather meaningful information. For this there
are various designing tools are available. Some of them are like, descriptive, experimental,
analytical and exploratory research design. Under descriptive research design, research is able to
determine strategies accurately, in order to gather information (Saxton, 2016).
For this method, different tools are also offered such as case studies, group discussion
and observations. In this sequence, another method is experimental; it is mainly used for
scientific research work (Pyo and Lee, 2013). The information is gathered with the help of
observations. However, analytical methods are used by the analysed in order to implement
specific assumptions and hypothesis. In this process, various circumstances are considered for
collecting information. The present dissertation is consisting of analytical research design. With
the help of different situation analysed easily gather information based on the roles of CSR
activities and various factors for examining their impact on firm financial status, operating model
and its market reputation as well.
3.4 Research approaches
This is considered as one of the most significant step of the research work. With the help
of this process researcher is able to select the process of gathering information i.e. either general
or specific (Munro, 2013). Through this step various methods are applied in order to collect
information and analyse them, due to which researcher is able to develop detailed understanding
regarding the problems are issues. There are mainly two types of tools are provided such as
inductive ad deductive (Khan and et.al., 2014). The inductive research proceeds from general to
specific. In this process theories are emergent from the collected data. Along with this qualitative
approach is applied for analysing the information, due to which research is free for applying
methods and gathering information (Lodhia and Hess, 2014).
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On the other hand, deductive research approach is based on the bottom up approach.
Under this method analyser is processing information from specific to general. In this process
quantitative research approach is applied, in this process set of rules are provided in order to
gather information. This type of research approach starts from the hypothesis and collect
information based on the research questions (Lee, Park and Lee, 2013).
In the present study, mixed approaches of research has been selected and used by the
researcher. The rationale behind the selection of such approaches is that nature of research
implies for both qualitative and quantitative aspects. On the basis of such aspect, inductive f
approach has been used by the scholar to analyze or evaluate qualitative aspects such impact on
CSR on brand image of firm. Further, deductive approach of research has been undertaken by the
scholar with the motive to assess the level to which financial performance is enhanced on the
basis of CSR.
3.5 Research strategy
This is considered as one of the most important part of the dissertation. It helps the
researcher in order to reach objective through developing various strategies. Through this step
the analyser is able to establish link between different theories and methods (Hur, Kim and Woo,
2014). In order to implement this process two methodologies are available i.e. quantitative and
qualitative research strategies. Qualitative research strategy emphasises on various tools and
theories. Through implementing this approach investigator is able to incorporate various
approaches such as semi- structured and unstructured. Some of them are like interviews,
questionnaire, group discussions, etc. Along with this user is able to represent information in the
form of graphical form (Hosoda and Suzuki, 2015).
It supports the clear understanding about the problems and issues. On the basis of that
necessary strategies can be developed. The interpretation is based on the pattern due to which
accuracy is not available. However, qualitative research strategy is based on the numerical and
data calculation process. For this several structured and standard methodology are developed
such as statistical, etc (Hoi, Wu and Zhang, 2013). While using this method user is able to handle
data at large scale and gather information without facing any challenges.
In the concerned study, both qualitative and quantitative research type has been
considered by the scholar. Hence, by conducting qualitative analysis scholar will present the
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level to which reputation, customer base and market share can be enhanced through the means of
sustainability reporting. Along with this, quantitative research type has been selected by the
researcher to determine the impact of sustainability reporting on financial aspects. By
considering all such aspects it can be stated that selected research types are prominent which in
turn helps in meeting the aims and objectives to a great extent.
3.6 Data collection methods
Data collection is considered as one of the most significant process of the research work.
It helps the research in order to process the gathered information and generate significant results
(de Jong and van der Meer, 2017). In order to complete this activity various stages are
considered such as hypothesis testing with the help of aim and objectives, maintaining sequence
for proper evaluation and generating outcomes. In this process, various methods are available
such as primary and secondary. Primary data collection is used for collecting fresh information
(Bedenik and et.al., 2017). For this, various methodologies are implemented such as
questionnaire, survey, interview, etc.
During gathering information researcher is required to adopt advance data security tools,
for eliminating the chances of data breach or loss (Alonso‐Almeida, Llach and Marimon, 2014).
On the other secondary data collection method is based on the referring information that is
already collected by others (Allan and Muirhead, 2017). In this process data is gathered with the
help of newspaper, articles, books, journals, internet, etc. While using existing information
proper referencing is necessary otherwise it will create problems like plagiarism. The present
dissertation is consisting of both the data collection methodologies.
For presenting the fair view of study data has been gathered by the scholar from
secondary sources. Hence, to evaluate the impact of CSR reporting on the financial performance
data has been collected by the scholar from the annual and sustainability report of the concerned
companies considered for investigation purpose. List of the companies whose data set has been
gathered for investigation include Giordano, HKR International, Hong Kong Electrical, CLP,
SASA and Crocodile garment limited. In addition to this, books, journals and scholarly articles
also have been evaluated by the researcher pertaining CSR as well its significance for business
unit. Thus, by considering the related articles brief thesis has been prepared by the researcher for
further evaluation.
15

3.7 Sampling
Swaen, Janssen and Du, 2017
Saxton, 2016
Pyo and Lee, 2013
Munro, 2013
Data sampling it considered as a process through which researcher is able to select group
of people from the whole universe. It plays significant role in order to gather information and
generating meaningful outcomes. Some of them are like, simple random, stratified, cluster,
systematic and multistage sampling. This is mainly emphasised on the probability of getting
selected. The present dissertation is implementing simple random data sampling method. In this
process, the managers of the organisation are selected are sample space. On the other side, non-
probabilistic sampling technique includes purposive, convenience etc. In such sampling, scholar
determines sample by taking into account the research aims and own knowledge.
In the present study, simple random sampling technique has been used by the researcher
for making selection of 6 companies for the investigation purpose. The main reason behind
undertaking such technique is that it reduces the possibility of biasness to a great extent. Thus, by
applying simple random sampling technique include Giordano, HKR International, Hong Kong
Electrical, CLP, SASA and Crocodile garment limited has been selected by the researcher.
3.8 Data analysis
Once all the raw information is gathered, processing is done in order to generate
meaningful outcome (Lodhia and Hess, 2014). This process is termed as data analysis. For this
various tools and methodologies are developed for processing the information and reaching the
conclusion phase, such as inspection of data, processing and modelling (Hosoda and Suzuki,
2015). It is referred as a significant process through which analyser is able to determine various
influencing factors and on the basis of that necessary steps can be applied for solving them.
Some of the data analysis methods are like thematic and analytic (Lee, Park and Lee, 2013).
The thematic analysis model is one of the most effective methods of the qualitative
research strategies. In this process researcher is able to develop various themes on the basis of
that data is collected. The gathered information is represented in the form of patterns. With the
help of graph, chart and diagram research is able to develop understanding of the influencing
16

factors (Khan and et.al., 2014). It helps in order to easily understand the information with the
help of different shapes and points due to which user is able to develop deep understanding.
However, analytic data analysis methods are used while implementing the quantitative research
strategies. In this process, raw information is processed with the help of various tools such as
statistical. During this process, various mathematical tools and models are applied for gathering
meaningful information (Hur, Kim and Woo, 2014).
For getting deeper insight about CSR and assessing the impact of sustainability reporting
on both financial and non-financial thematic perception test technique has been applied by the
researcher. On the basis of such technique several themes have been prepared by the scholar in
accordance with the aims and objectives. Thus, by developing themes in relation to the impact of
CSR on financial as well as non-financial performance and supporting the findings with
secondary data solution has been presented by the researcher.
3.9 Ethical consideration
Ethical practices are considered as an essential part of the research work. While gathering
information all the ethical practices should be implemented. It supports in order to maintain the
quality of the outcomes (de Jong and van der Meer, 2017). In the present dissertation, all the
ethical practices are considered, the research is consisting of secondary information, which is
already gathered by someone. In this situation of data theft and plagiarism can occur. It can
create lots of consequences for the analyser. In order to overcome, such situation references and
in texting is applied. On the other hand, while using the primary data collection method. The
analyser gathers personal details of the sample also. In this process if the collected information is
maintained with proper safety and security (Hoi, Wu and Zhang, 2013). It can create challenges
like data loss and data theft, along with this it can create problems for the managers. In order to
overcome the investigator is required to implement advance data security tools. Along with this
cloud services can be also availed. It eliminated the chances of data lost (Bedenik and et.al.,
2017).
For meeting the ethical aspects, reference list has been included by the researcher which
in turn clearly shows that data set is highly appropriate or authentic. Besides this, citation of the
references has also been done to show that data has not been copied from somewhere. This
17

aspect shows that all the ethical aspects have been met by the scholar to a great extent for
enhancing the effectiveness of study.
3.10 Research limitation
There are various factors available that can affect the research work and cause limitations
(Alonso‐Almeida, Llach and Marimon, 2014). In order to minimise their impact and increase the
effectiveness of the outcomes necessary measures should be applied. Some of the major
limitations are mentioned following:
1. Data collection techniques: Data collecting and gathering process should be effectively
done. It the gathered information is not effective it will create research limitation for the
researcher (Hofmann and et.al., 2014). In order to overcome such conditions analyser is
required to apply suitable research approach.
2. Time management: If the researcher is failed to develop proper time management plan,
it will create limitation for the research work. In order to overcome all the process should
be allotted with suitable time interval for completing the entire task effectively (Allan and
Muirhead, 2017).
18

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS
4,1 Introduction
Data analysis is considered as an essential part of research work. It helps the researcher in
order to generate productive outcomes from gathered information (Swaen, Janssen and Du,
2017). For this process, various tools and techniques are available such as thematic and
analytical. The present dissertation is consisting of qualitative data analysis, in order to
determine the role of CSR activities along with this, various factors also considered. With the
help of this process analyser is able to present their collected information with the help of graphs,
charts and diagrams (Munro, 2013). In this process results are demonstrated in the form of
patterns, due to which user is able to develop deep understanding about various factors that are
influencing the outcomes.
4.2 Discussion
In order to implement data analysis, six companies are considered such as CLP group,
Giordano International Limited, HKR International and HEC. These all industries belong from
different sectors such as commercial, tour and travel and electricity. In order to determine role of
CSR activities in order to maintain financial status, operational model and sustainability
strategies are identified.
Impact of sustainability practices on financial performance
Giordano international limited
Every organisation publishes their sustainability report in order to maintain their financial
strength. Through this step they are able to maintain balance among three important elements of
the company i.e. environment, ecological and social. With the help of this step they are able to
maintain their financial condition by maximising net profit ratio, return on equity and return on
capital employee (Giordano International Limited 2011-2012, 2016). In order to determine the
impact of sustainability report annual report of organisation group is considered, on the basis of
that it is analysed that in 2011 organisation incorporated environmental laws effectively, due to
which their profitability is increased up to 13%. In 2012 organisation launched “Doing well by
doing good” under this practise they developed various practices for maintaining effective
environment, due to this their profitability is reached up to 14%. In 2013 firm launched the
concept of “Our green team”, under this program various methodologies are adopted in order to
19

reduce or control the emission of carbon. In order to implement this organisation is required to
adopt new infrastructure and techniques. With the help of all these activities they maintain
environment sustainability, during this process net profit reached at the level of 7.9%. On the
basis of that it is analysed that sustainability report is creating huge impact on the financial
performance of the company.
HKR International
The organisation also implements various sustainable practices. With the help of annual
report of the company various practices are identified such as in 2011, they introduce concept of
green sustainable designs, under this process proper designs are developed considering
environment sustainability. In year 2012 and 2013, firm organised various activities under
United Nations Environment Programme Foundation and environment protection, in order to
protect their developed cities such as Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan (HKR Annual Report
2014, 2016). In 2014 to 2016 various rules and regulations are considered by the company in
order to maintain sustainability of the environment. Some of them are like guideline of ESG and
key features of HKEX. These all practices caused positive impact on their financial conditions of
the company and raised their GDP by 2% in a year. On the above analysis it is inferred that all
the sustainability report strategies are creating positive impact on their financial performance of
the company.
HEC
Hong Kong Electrical Company is one of the leading company. Through the annual
report of the company it is analysed that they implement various strategies in order to maintain
environmental sustainability. On the basis of their sustainability report it is analysed that in 2011
organisation incorporated various high level corporate strategies and regulation implemented by
the government. Along with this in 2012, several changes are introduced in the production and
manufacturing process, in order to overcome problems of climatic changes HCE anual report
2015, 2016. In 2013, concept of clean air is introduced in order to control air pollution, this was
considered as a foundation step in order to promote healthy life. From 2014 to 2016 organisation
remain focused in order to control or minimise the emission of carbon. There are various
challenges are also faced by the company in order to develop low carbon emission techniques.
Therefore, it is analysed that CSR activities made a positive impact on the financial condition of
the company.
20

CLP
In order to maintain sustainability report CLP emphasised on three major concept i.e.
social, environmental, social. There are various effective frameworks are implemented by the
company in order to maintain environmental condition, in 2012 company developed various
strategies based on ESG guidelines. Under this process all the focused is placed on zero emission
of gases, avoid loss of biodiversity and increase incorporation of sustainable materials. In 2013
to 2016 various rules and regulations are introduced in order to overcome these issues a policy is
introduced, “Environmental impact Assessment Policy” (CLP Annual Report 2014, 2016). These
all steps played significant role in minimising emission and negative impact of environment. In
this year net profit of the company is found as 5.808%. On the other hand in 2014 it is increased
by 11.3%. therefore, it is inferred that CSR activities plays significant role in financial activities.
SASA International
SASA International is incorporating various methodologies in order to maintain
environmental sustainability. Under this method they are incorporating ESG guidelines, in order
to maintain balance between environmental, ecological and governance practices. In year 2012
various strategies are considered such as emission of carbon, reduced consumption of paper for
packaging purpose. Apart from this, concept of recycle and reuse was also considered by the
company. In year 2013, “Green Ambassador” is launched by the firm (SASA making life
beautiful 2015-2016, 2016). Along with this various seminar and conferences are also organised
by the company. Along with this various radio programs are also organised in order to make
maximum number of people aware. With the help of all these strategies they also promoted their
company and their services due to which financial condition.
Crocodile garment limited
The organisation also implements various sustainable practices. With the help of annual
report of the company various practices are identified such as in 2010, they do not consider it as
an essential element, due to which several negative impacts are identified on the growth of the
company. In order to overcome those issues, an effective environmental framework is developed
between year 2011 to 2013. It was based in order to control emission of carbon and reducing risk
factors. These all are creating, with the help of this step they are able to maximise their brand
value. In year 2014, organised advance strategies in order to maintain sustainability of
environment. In this sequence, employee of the organisation are also motivated, along with this
21

eco-friendly clothing material is used in order to reduce problems like air quality and pollution
level. With the help of these practices organisation increased their profitability from 4.61% to
7.9%.
Impact of sustainable business practices on market reputation
Giordano international limited
The organisation is organising various activities such as “Doing well by doing good” and
“Our green team” in order to maintain environmental sustainability and promoting education of
poor children, due to these practices various awards are also provided to the company. It
supports them in order to create a positive image at global platform and supports in order to
attract maximum number of customers, due to there all practices they are able to maintain their
reputation at international platform.
HKR International
The company is considering various guidelines in order to maintain environmental
sustainability. Some of them are like ESG and key features of HKEX. With the help of these
strategies they are able to generate significant results in order to control emission of carbon and
reducing environmental challenges (HKR Annual Report 2014, 2016). All the steps implemented
by the company are creating positive impact, due to which they are able to maintain their brand
value and reputation among customers.
HEC
With the help of sustainability report company is able to apply effective environmental
strategies like climatic changes, clean air, and promote healthy life (HEC anual report 2015,
2016). These all strategies are creating positive impact on the individuals and developed for the
welfare of the society. Through this way they are able to influence customers towards their
strategies and maintain their reputation.
CLP
The strategies implemented by the organisation are mainly emphasised on zero emission
of gases, avoid loss of biodiversity and increase incorporation of sustainable materials. In this
sequence several policies are also introduced such as “Environmental impact Assessment Policy”
(CLP Annual Report 2014, 2016). With the help of all these steps they are able to maintain
positive image in the market place and gain a competitive advantage. These all factors supports
in order to maintain their reputation.
22

SASA International
The organisation is offering beauty products to their customers. In order to maintain their
financial performance they are considering sustainability report. Under this method they are
incorporating ESG guidelines, in order to maintain balance between environmental, ecological
and governance practices. They are considering practices in order to reduce or control emission
of carbon, reduced consumption of paper for packaging purpose (SASA making life beautiful
2015-2016, 2016). Along with this “Green Ambassador” is launched by the firm. Along with this
various seminar and conferences are also organised by the company. Along with this various
radio programs are also organised in order to make maximum number of people aware. These all
strategies played significant role in order to make maximum number of customers aware of their
methodologies and activities. On the basis of that they are able to make maximum number of
customer aware of their services.
Crocodile garment limited
The organisation is considering eco-friendly clothing material in order to develop their
products. While using these products they are able to maintain reduce negative impact on nature
by controlling emission of carbon into the atmosphere. These all factors create positive image
into the society and supports in order to maintain their reputation. The profitability of the
company is increased up to 26% during these six years.
Impact of sustainable business practices on operating model
Giordano international limited
The organisation is implementing various model that are described into their
sustainability report (Giordano International Limited 2011-2012, 2016). With the help of CSR
activities, they are able to maximise the efficiency of their operational model and increase their
profitability. The Giordano international limited also implements different models some of them
are like cost, flexibility, quality and quality.
HKR International
The organisation is performing their operations based on various segments such as
distribution into segments, making investment into each segment, performing operations (HKR
Annual Report 2014, 2016). With the help of all these steps they are able to maintain quality of
their work and able to generate effective outcomes. Therefore, it is analysed that organisation is
able to maintain effectiveness of their operational model in order to maximise their profitability.
23

HEC
The organisation consider various model in order to maintain effectiveness of their
process . Some of them are like manufacturing, distribution and marketing (HEC anual report
2015, 2016). These all elements of the companies are creating significant impact in the growth
and organisations are able to maintain them with the help of sustainability report.
CLP
In order to provide effective services to their customers, organisation is implementing
sustainability report (CLP Annual Report 2014, 2016). With the help of this method they are able
to implement strategies, make necessary changes in order to maximise their profitability. CLP is
implementing operational models like manufacturing, distribution and marketing.
SASA International
SASA International is consisting of various operational model in order to maintain
performance of various element. These all management strategies creating huge support in order
to maintaining their performance and quality of services (SASA making life beautiful 2015-2016,
2016). The company is considering strategies like customer relationship management, Target
Management Sustaining System, along with this various online platform are also considered in
order to promote their services.
Crocodile garment limited
The organisation considers various model in order to maintain effectiveness of their
process. Some of them are like risk management, manufacturing, distribution and marketing
(Crocodile Garment Limited Annual Report 2010-2011, 2016). These all elements of the
companies are creating significant impact in the growth and organisations are able to maintain
them with the help of sustainability report.
24

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
On the basis of above research it is interred that Role of CRS activities are significant in
the growth of the company. It helps in order to maintain balance between various factors such as
ecological, environmental and social. For maintaining their effectiveness concept of Triple
bottom line is also introduced. Through this process they are able to handle various essentials
units of the organisation such as financial status, operational model and reputation of the
company. To determine their effectiveness the present report is considered both primary and
secondary data collection method. Under the process of primary data collection, annual report of
different companies is considered and on the basis of that information are gathered. Along with
this secondary methodology is also applied, through this step researcher collected various data
that are already generated by someone else. In order to effectively implement this process
various objectives are also developed.
The first objective is based on the critically analysing the concept of sustainability report.
In this part of the report it is identified that organisation work in order to maintain effective
balance between three element of the company such as environment, social and ecological
factors. In this sequence concept of triple bottom line is also introduced. Through this process
they are able to develop strategies through which they can control different activities of the
company. Along with this it provides effective framework through which they are able to
maintain balance between growth and value.
Second objective is based on the analysing the impact of sustainability report on the
financial aspect of the companies. On the basis of above discussion, it is inferred that it plays
significant role in order to maintain financial status of the of the company. In this process various
frameworks are developed under this process. Through which they are able to measure their
accounting details. It also supports in order to measure their profitability and financial status of
the firm. With the help of sustainability report they are able to access various tools and
methodologies through which they are able to effectively implement economic plans and
improvise their relationship with stakeholders.
Third objective is based on the impact of corporate sustainability report on the operating
model of the companies. Through applying this methodology, they are able to analyse structure
and working of the model and technique that are used for production and development activities.
25

On the basis of that they are able to make necessary changes into the process. Apart from that it
also supports in order to maintain balance between various factors of the company such as
environment, ecological and social due to which they are able to identify needs and demands of
the company. It helps them in order to make necessary changes for making the products and
services more user friendly.
The fourth objective is based on analysing the effect of sustainability report on
company’s market reputation. With the help of this concepts organisations are able to organised
various programs such as charity, well- fare of the society and implement environmental
sustainable strategies. Through this step they are able to maintain their brand value and
reputation of the company. In the fifth objective various legislation and mandatory standards
considered by the company for monitoring sustainable development. With the help of this
various guidelines are identified such as ESG and HKEX. There are various laws and legislations
are also enforced such as National greenhouse and energy reporting act (2007), corporation act
(2001), Equality at workplace act, etc.
Therefore, role of sustainable report is important for the growth and profitability of the
company. It supports them in order to maintain balance between various element of the company
such as environmental, social and ecological, due to which they are able to maximise their
profitability and growth. From this dissertation, it has been concluded that sustainability reports
provide deeper insight about the initiatives undertaken by the firms for offering benefits to
society, environment and other stakeholders. It can be stated from the evaluation that
sustainability reports provide deeper insight about the action taken by the firm to control
pollution, creation of job opportunities etc. All such information which is revealed by the
concerned companies through sustainability report enhances their market share and image
significantly.
5.2 Recommendation
On the basis of above discussion, it is inferred that sustainability report is important for
the growth. In order to maximise it some recommendations are mentioned below:
Implementation of advance technologies: It will help the organisations in order to reduce
emission of carbon, along with this it supports in order to minimise the production of waste
materials. Through this strategy they can easily maintain sustainable environment.
26

Data Processing: In order to maintain quality of the services effective approaches are required in
order to gather meaningful data. It also supports in order to determine errors and overcome them.
Through this step they would be able to present effective annual report of the company and able
to maximise their profitability.
Material issues are considered: Under this process organisation would be also to resolve
challenges based on the material, operational, process and also able to make necessary changes
into the internal and external strategies of the company.
Management of multiple audience: Organisations are organising various policies and strategies
in order to make them effective proper management is important. It supports the company in
order to implement necessary changes. Along with this through this process organisations will be
able to maximise their ranking, creditability, level of customer enquiry, etc.
27

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