A Research Proposal: Impact of Teenage Pregnancy in the United Kingdom

This document is a research proposal focused on the impact of teenage pregnancy in the UK. It begins with an introduction defining teenage pregnancy and highlighting its prevalence in the UK, referencing statistics and the National Health Service (NHS). The proposal outlines the research aim, objectives, and questions, emphasizing the need to analyze the impact of teenage pregnancy. A literature review section summarizes key findings from existing research on the concept, causes, and interventions related to teenage pregnancy. The methodology section details the research approach, including the use of positivism, surveys, a deductive approach, and quantitative data analysis. Ethical considerations are addressed, and the expected findings are briefly outlined. The proposal also includes a temporal plan and references, providing a comprehensive framework for investigating this important public health issue. The research is aimed at understanding the factors contributing to teenage pregnancy and potential strategies to mitigate its negative consequences.

Research Proposal

Contents
TOPIC: Impact of teenage pregnancy in UK...................................................................................3
Chapter 1-INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................3
Research aim..........................................................................................................................3
Research objective..................................................................................................................3
Research Question..................................................................................................................4
Rationale for the research.......................................................................................................4
Chapter 2- Literature Review...........................................................................................................4
Chapter 3- Research Methodology..................................................................................................4
Chapter 4- Ethical issues..................................................................................................................5
Chapter 5- Expected Findings..........................................................................................................5
Chapter 6-Temporal plan.................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

TOPIC: Impact of teenage pregnancy in UK.
Chapter 1-INTRODUCTION
Teenagers’ pregnancy is defined as a pregnancy in a woman 19 years or less than this. A
woman can get pregnant in the very middle age or premature age that is called teenagers
pregnancy. Moreover, this is also called as adolescence pregnancy. In this, the pregnancy in a
female under the age of 20 is to be make a sense of teenage pregnancy. However, the pregnancy
can occur with the sexual intercourse after the start of ovulation which can be before the first
menstrual period but usually occur after the onset of periods. It usually refers to teen between the
age of 15 to 19 but it can include girls as young as 10 (Cook and Cameron, 2017). It is also
called as teenage pregnancy or adolescent pregnancy. In the UK, the child birth rate and number
of births through the mothers have dropped steadily since 1990. Moreover, this is also so
identified that the United Kingdom face various issues with the Teenage pregnancy in their
country because the teen birth rate has been increases 40% over the past three decades. In this, it
creates various complications with the mother and child with the aspect of biological, mental and
physical. This all are associated with the mother and children as well. Moreover, the main causes
which is identified in this is due to the lack of education of sex and even some of the causes
which is measure only counted in this is poverty. As per this, the pregnancy health risk
prevention is usually followed by government with respect to guidelines in order to prevent and
restrict the teenage pregnancies. For the present study, National Health service is taken into
consideration. It is a publicly funded health care system in England, UK.
Research aim
“To analyse the impact of teenage pregnancy within UK”. A case study on NHS
Research objective
 To analyze the concept of teenage pregnancy in UK.
 To evaluate the causes of teenage pregnancy in UK.
 To examine the intervention to minimize the impact of teenage pregnancy
Research Question
 What is the concept of teenage pregnancy in UK?

 What are the causes of teenage pregnancy in UK?
 What are the intervention to minimize the impact of teenage pregnancy?
Rationale for the research
One of the main reason to conduct study is to gain insight about the impact of teenage
pregnancy within the United Kingdom. In addition to this, it is analyzed that the cases of teenage
pregnancy is increase day to day and affect on the health of people. There are various reasons of
the teenage pregnancy that is intake of drugs, early marriage, want to become independent of
their parents early enough and many more. This arise issues such as psychological problems,
high level of abortion, medical problems, and even financial problems as well. The main idea of
the research is to gain insight about the influence of teenage pregnancy. This study will
contribute towards the knowledge of researcher in health and social care as it help in gaining
insight about causes of teenage pregnancy and interventions to decline its impact. Apart from
this, it also help researcher in personal context as it allow to improve skills such as data analysis,
data interpretation, data collection and many more. Furthermore, it also help in conducting future
studies and getting better opportunities.
Chapter 2- Literature Review
To analyse the concept of teenage pregnancy in UK
According to the viewpoint of Hadley, (2016), The most of the Teenage pregnancies are
unplanned and result as the half of them take decision towards the abortion. Teenage pregnancy
put negative impact on both the new parents and their children. The Teenage mother is less likely
to quality their education and more likely provide suitable upbringing alone in the poverty that
put negative impact on the mental condition of the older mother. Due to this the infant mortality
rates increases by 60% for the born babies to the Teenage mothers. As children have increase
rate of poverty living and also likely to have issues like accidents and behaviour problems. The
rate of teenage pregnancy in United Kingdom is quite high by comparing with other
industrialised countries as it is the only western country with higher adolescent gravidity. The
rate of teenage pregnancy is high in terms of frugally disadvantaged areas. By considering the
report of 2002 it has been found that around half of the concessions is used by under 18 years
that were concentrated among around 30% of the deprived population (Whitworth, Cockerill and
Lamb, 2017). Around 60% of the conceptions lead to words the legal abortion as the highest

proportion began in 1969. By considering the reason of white British around 50% of the birth
outside marriage and the 60% of the illegal pregnancy rate comes under the black British
mothers. Therefore, the early Motherhood and its impact the psychosocial development of the
Infant at the children of tea mother is likely to be born prematurely with the low birth weight.
To evaluate the causes of teenage pregnancy in UK
According to the viewpoint of Ingham, (2016), Teenage pregnancy is a global problematic that
arise most often relegated societies as most of the girls face considerable pressure to marry early
and take care of their child. The rate of teenage prenatal period rises when the girls are denied to
take the right decision. Teenage pregnancy is risky as it increases the teenager’s risk of becoming
pregnant and the consequences of early pregnancy. For instance, teenage mothers are less likely
to be home over later in the life. Therefore, it has been analysed that the high teenage pregnancy
rates are prominently associated with the high levels of poverty and deprivation and it also
causes the mental and social health condition of early mother. The Teenage pregnancy is critical
as it includes various factors which are increase the likelihood of teenage pregnancy by
considering the risk factor of becoming a young father and mother (Moore and Reynolds, 2018).
It includes various factors including the behaviour like sexual activity poor contraceptive use
involvement in crime repeat abortion and so on. Along with this that occasional related factors
include the low educational attainment leaving school at 16 or before with no qualification.
Besides from this it also includes the family background factors including the ethnicity child of
teenage parents’ sexual abuse eligibility for free school meals and many more. There are various
causes of teenage pregnancy including the lack of information about reproductive and sexual
rights inadequate access to the service tailored to the young people lack of education sexual
violence and many more. There are various factors like parental income and extent to the
education of girl leads to impact the adolescent pregnancy.
To examine the intervention to minimize the impact of teenage pregnancy
According to the viewpoint of Roos, (2016), There are various interferences for stopping the
unintended pregnancy that include various activities like health education therapy skill building
contraception education distribution and many more are designed to increase the knowledge and
attitude about the age of adolescence pregnancy and also related with the risk of intending
pregnancy. In the guard of this is the only intervention involved the combination of knowledge
and contraception elevation. The only intervention that includes the combination of schooling

and contraception raise was prominently important to eliminate the unintended prenatal period
the medium-term and long-term follow-up time. Most of the anticipation agendas are designed in
order to eliminate the number of adults and pregnancies include the youth social development
that target the social and psychological skills which are important to avoid high risk actions like
early sexual action (Hadley, Ingham and Chandra-Mouli, 2017). These programs are developed
regarding the operation on the premises in order to delete the sexual activities that have higher
educational aspirations with similar norms. Along with this the health and professionals play
important role in order to enhance the contraception use by spreading the knowledge and
awareness regarding the causes and consequences of early pregnancy.
Chapter 3- Research Methodology
Research methodology is defined as a process and essential aspect of investigation that help
in conducting research in appropriate way along with strong evidence. For conducting and
Following the process, research onion framework is adopted my investigator that involve various
stages as follows:
Research philosophy: it is referred as the process in which investigator choose an
appropriate philosophy with an objective to gather as well as evaluate data associated to research
topic. Positivism and interpretivism are two main research philosophy but as per the topic,
positivism research philosophy is valuable an effective (Daniel, Kumar and Omar, 2018). One of
the main reason to choose positivism research philosophy is it help to evaluate valid data within
less time and cost as well.
Research strategy: There are various strategies for collecting data such as case study,
experiment, survey and so on. For the present study, surveys taken into consideration as it allow
researchers to gather both secondary and primary information from valid as well as reliable
sources.
Research approach: it is the process that is followed within the investigation to examine
appropriate data associated to topic. There are two types of research approaches that is deductive
and inductive. According to the topic, deductive research approach is appropriate as it assist in
examining quantitative information in less cost and time.
Research choice: it is considered as one of the essential part of research methodology that
focuses on the type of information which is collected by the investigator. The two type of
research choices are qualitative and quantitative. As per the topic, quantitative research choice is

used by investigator for collecting data in the form of numerical that take less time and uses
reliable sources.
Data collection: The two types of data collection methods are primary and secondary. In the
present investigation, both primary and secondary methods is used. There are various types of
primary data collection method such as questionnaire, interview, focus group and so on. In the
present study, a questionnaire is developed by researcher in order to collect primary and first
hand information (Kumar, 2018). For gathering secondary information, the viewpoint of various
authors is taken into consideration and representing the form of literature review.
Data analysis: It is defined as the process to analyse the data that is gathered by researcher.
There are various forms of analysing data such as frequency distribution, content analysis and
many more. In study, frequency distribution analysts method is taken into consideration as it
help in represent the interpretation in the form of graphs that take place with the help of Excel.
Sampling: It is defined as the process to select sample size from the overall population for
conducting study. In the present study, probability sampling method is taken into consideration
and 30 respondents is chosen on random basis.
Chapter 4- Ethical issues
There are various principles of ethics which are used by the researcher in terms of adopting
the suitable place and time to conduct the research. In regard of this the prominent principles
leads to avoid the deceptive practices and offer the suitable rights to withdraw and maintain
confidentiality at the time of conducting the research which is useful in eliminating the risk of
harm and informed consent. Hence that principles format research executives undertake the
suitable activities in effective and prominent manner.
Chapter 5- Expected Findings
Teenage pregnancy is defined as having the at least one pregnancy among the age of 18 and
19 as it affects the at least one hospitalization off with life but and missed abortion for at least
one process of surgical end of condition (Bairagi and Munot, 2019). In this context WHO work
with the partners to advocate the attention to adolescence in terms of developing the evidence
and epidemiologic base for the actions like implementing the guidelines of WHO for stopping
early pregnancy and poor generative consequences among the adolescents in the developing

countries. In regard of this the Non-governmental organisation have been at the forefront
regarding the efforts to prevent the adoption pregnancy taking the innovative projects.
Chapter 6-Temporal plan

REFERENCES
Books & Journal
Online
Implementing the United Kingdom’s ten-year teenage pregnancy strategy for England. 2016.
[Online] Available through: <
https://reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12978-016-
0255-4 >.
Implementing the United Kingdom’s ten-year teenage pregnancy strategy for England. 2016.
[Online] Available through: <
https://reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12978-016-
0255-4 >.
Teenage pregnancy: the impact of maternal adolescent childbearing and older sister’s teenage
pregnancy on a younger sister. 2016. [Online] Available through: <
https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-016-0911-2
>.