Impact of Workplace Discrimination on Business and Employees

This report investigates the impact of workplace discrimination on employee performance and business succession, focusing on Marks and Spencer. The research includes an introduction outlining the importance of equality and diversity in the workplace, followed by a literature review exploring the concept and effects of discrimination. The methodology section details the research philosophies, approaches, and methods used, including a quantitative approach with questionnaires administered to 50 employees. The report presents data analysis and interpretation, highlighting key findings on the awareness of discrimination, its impact, and the types of discrimination experienced. The research outcomes, recommendations, and reflection are discussed, along with suggestions for alternative research methodologies. The conclusion summarizes the findings, emphasizing the need for strategies to avoid workplace discrimination and promote a positive work environment. The report includes references and an appendix with the questionnaire used.

Unit 11 – Research
Project
(Interpretation 4 5 6 nd research proposal from section 3 nd ethical form full – 800 )

Contents
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................3
Research topic...................................................................................................................................3
Research aim.....................................................................................................................................3
Research objective.............................................................................................................................3
Rationale of research.........................................................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................................................4
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION......................................................5
Research philosophies.......................................................................................................................5
Research approaches..........................................................................................................................5
Quantitative method..........................................................................................................................5
Qualitative method............................................................................................................................6
Primary sources.................................................................................................................................6
Secondary source...............................................................................................................................6
Sampling method...............................................................................................................................6
Questionnaires...................................................................................................................................7
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION................................................................................8
RESEARCH OUTCOMES...............................................................................................................10
Covered in PPT...............................................................................................................................10
RECOMMENDATION.....................................................................................................................10
REFLECTION...................................................................................................................................11
RECOMMENDATION OF ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY........................11
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..................................................................................................................................13
Appendix............................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
In every firm it is essential to maintain environment that based on the equality and
diversity because that motivate employees as well as enhance their performance which is also
beneficial for the company profitability (Abdullahi, Raman and Solarin, 2020). In order to
develop and maintain equality as well as diversity at the workplace an organization
management need to develop environment where everyone avoid workplace discrimination
situation. It is so because that directly impact on the employee’s encouragement as well as
motivation which decrease their work quality. Organization selected for respective research is
Marks and Spencer which is a retail industry operating around the world. The company is
founded by Michael Marks as well as Thomas Spencer in year 1884. There are numbers of
brands operating under this brand i.e. Per Una, Rosie, Blue Harbour, Autograph and many
more. Moreover respective research is based on the analysing the impact of workplace
discrimination on the performance of employees and succession of business.
Research topic
Equality and Diversity in the workplace
Research aim
"To analyse the impact of workplace discrimination on the performance of employees
and succession of business." A study on Marks and Spencer.
Research objective
 To understand the concept of workplace discrimination.
 To determine the impact of workplace discrimination on the performance of
employees and succession of business.
 To identify ways through which a company can avoid workplace discrimination at the
workplace.
Rationale of research
The main reason of conducting this research is to understand the importance of
equality and diversity at the workplace so that positive as well as smooth working will
conducted for attaining desire goal and objectives (Ferrari, 2020). In respect of maintain
equality and diversity at the workplace it is essential to understand importance of removing
the workplace discrimination because that directly impact on the employee’s performance as
well as company productivity. So by conducting research on this topic researcher able to
understand the concept of workplace discrimination and how it affect company. Along with

this, they also able to understand the impact of workplace discrimination on the performance
of employees and succession of business. In addition to this, research also help investigator in
determining the ways through which a company can avoid workplace discrimination at the
workplace. This understanding and knowledge help researcher in developing effective career
as they know to avoid discrimination at the workplace successfully.
Research question
 What is the concept of workplace discrimination?
 What are the impact of workplace discrimination on the performance of employees
and succession of business?
 What are ways through which a company can avoid workplace discrimination at the
workplace?
LITERATURE REVIEW
 What is the concept of workplace discrimination?
As per the view point of Sarah Benstead (2018), workplace discrimination is considered as
situation which is based on the certain prejudice as well as take place when a staff is treated
unfavourably due to difference in gender, race, pregnancy, maternity, disability, colour and
so on (What is discrimination in the workplace?, 2021). The situation of workplace
discrimination directly impact on the motivation level of employees as they feel demotivated
which affect their performance as well as decrease productivity. So it is essential for
company management to understand the workplace discrimination situation and develop
strict and proper strategies for avoiding it. This is so because directly or indirectly it affect the
company productivity.
 What are the impact of workplace discrimination on the performance of employees
and succession of business?
According to the behalf of Costello & Mains (2019), workplace discrimination directly
impact on the employee’s productivity which leads to affecting succession of business
negatively (The effects workplace discrimination has on employees, 2021). When an
employee experience workplace discrimination their motivation level get decrease as well as
it also impact on their performance as they are not comfortable with the working
environment. This situation leads to decrease in employee’s performance that affect the
productivity of the company due to which they experienced decrease in succession rate or

profitability ratio. In addition to this respective situation also leads to conflict among the
staffs due to which working environment get impacted which also affect productivity
negatively. This show that when there is workplace discrimination at the company it also
impact on their succession or growth rate negatively.
 What are ways through which a company can avoid workplace discrimination at the
workplace?
As per the article created by Make It Our Business (2017), there are several ways that a
company can adopt in order to avoid workplace discrimination at the workplace and
maintaining smooth working environment (How to Prevent Racial Discrimination in the
Workplace, 2020). This will include ways like focus on the diversity at the workplace so that
every employee feel connected to each other, educate staffs by providing them training and
development session. In addition to this a company also need to create more effective policies
as well as rules in order to avoid workplace discrimination. Moreover they also ensure that all
the employees will follow it properly for the attainment of effective working environment.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION
Research philosophies
It is determined as philosophy which is used by researcher while collecting the
information or data related to the research topic so that they accomplish project properly and
effectively. There are two kinds of research philosophies i.e. positivism as well as
interpretivism. In respect of this research researcher is adopting positivism research
philosophy as that will help in gathering proper and appropriate information related to the
project.
Research approaches
It is consider as procedure that include numbers of steps along with the broad
prediction related to the methods of data collection, evaluation as well as analysis (Harris and
Ozdemir, 2020). There are main two kinds of research approaches i.e. inductive as well as
deductive. In context of this research project an investigator is adopting deductive research
approach which is used for gathering proper as well as authenticate information related to
research aim and objectives.

Quantitative method
It is considered as method which help a researcher in gathering information or data
which is numerical or statistical based. It generally help a researcher in collecting
authenticate and statistical based information. There are several methods by which an
investigator can adopt in order to collect numerical based information such as questionnaire,
survey, observation and so on.
Qualitative method
It is determined as that method in which researcher collect non numerical or non -
statistical based information (Igwe, Madichie and Amoncar, 2020). It is generally theoretical
information or data that is collected by the researcher from the existing sources such as
books, journals, articles, newspaper, government documents and many more.
In respect of this research researcher is adopting quantitative research method and for that
they are developing questionnaire.
Primary sources
This is considered as method which is researcher collect information or data by
themselves. It is also called as the first hand information. It is a time taking as well as
expensive method but by it researcher can gather fresh as well as authenticate information
related to the topic. There are several methods of primary source such as survey,
questionnaire, interview and many more.
Secondary source
It is also known as second hand collected information. It is considered as that source
in which researcher gather authenticate and reliable information by themselves from the
existing sources. This will include sources like online books, journals, government
documents and many more. Respective method generally help researcher in understanding
other researcher perspective at the same time which can help in getting proper outcome.
In respect of this research, an investigator is adopting primary research source which help in
gathering authenticate and reliable information related to topic. In respect of this researcher is
developing questionnaire.
Sampling method
It is considered as method which is adopted by a researcher in order to select
audiences for their research work. There are several types of sampling methods from which

researcher selected according to their requirement (Mughal and Iraqi, 2020). In respect of this
research an investigator is adopting simple random sampling which help them in selecting
proper respondents which help in attaining research outcome successfully.
Questionnaires
It is considered as the series of questions which is developed by a researcher related to
the topic of their research. This will help them in gathering authenticate as well as reliable
information related to the aim and objective of research for attaining the desire outcome
(Najam ul Hassan and Siddiqui, 2020). In respect of this research researcher is developing
questionnaire which is filled up by the 50 respondents who are the employees of Marks and
Spencer.
Questionnaires
Name –
Age –
Contact number –
E mail ID –
Q 1. Are you aware to the concept of equality and diversity at workplace?
a) Yes
b) No
Q 2. Do you think it is essential for a company to adopt equality and diversity at the
workplace?
a) Yes
b) No
Q 3. Does equality and diversity at workplace impacted by workplace discrimination
negatively?
a) Yes
b) No
c) May be
Q 4. What types of workplace discrimination take place at the workplace with employees?
a) Age discrimination
b) Gender discrimination
c) Power discrimination
d) All of the above
Q 5. What are the impact of workplace discrimination experienced by a company as well as

employees?
a) Decrease in employees motivation
b) Decrease in productivity
c) Decrease in profitability ratio
d) All of the above
Q 6. What are the ways through which a company can avoid workplace discrimination at
their workplace?
a) Develop rules and policies
b) Provide training to employees
c) Encourage equality and diversity
d) All of the above
Q 7. Any suggestions you want to give in order to improve
…………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….... .
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Theme 1 – concept of equality and diversity
Q 1. Are you aware to the concept of equality and diversity at
workplace?
Frequency
a) Yes 40
b) No 10
a) Yes b) No
0
10
20
30
40
40
10
Chart Title
Interpretation – by conducting analysis of above data it is determined that at the workplace
most of the audiences are known about the workplace discrimination.
Theme 2 – essential to adopt equality and diversity

Q 2. Do you think it is essential for a company to adopt
equality and diversity at the workplace?
Frequency
a) Yes 40
b) No 10
a) Yes b) No
0
10
20
30
40
40
10
Chart Title
Interpretation – From all respondents most of think that it is essential for a company to adopt
equality and diversity at the workplace as that maintain working environment properly.
Theme 3 – equality and diversity impacted by workplace discrimination
Q 3. Does equality and diversity at workplace impacted by
workplace discrimination negatively?
Frequency
a) Yes 30
b) No 15
c) May be 5
a) Yes b) No c) May be
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
30
15
5
Chart Title
Interpretation – In respect of most of audience i.e. 30 equality and diversity at workplace
impacted by workplace discrimination negatively so it is essential to avoid workplace
discrimination.
Theme 4 – types of workplace discrimination

Q 4. What types of workplace discrimination take place at the
workplace with employees?
Frequency
a) Age discrimination 5
b) Gender discrimination 15
c) Power discrimination 10
d) All of the above 20
0
10
20
5 15 10 20
Chart Title
Interpretation – In respect of most of the respondents there are different types of
discrimination such as on the basis of age, gender and power which need to avoid at the
workplace for smooth functioning.
Theme 5 – impact of workplace discrimination
Q 5. What are the impact of workplace discrimination
experienced by a company as well as employees?
Frequency
a) Decrease in employees motivation 10
b) Decrease in productivity 13
c) Decrease in profitability ratio 12
d) All of the above 15
0
6
12 10 13 12 15
Chart Title

Interpretation – According to huge numbers of respondents i.e. 15 there is several impact of
workplace discrimination such as decrease in employee’s motivation, productivity as well as
company profitability ratio.
Theme 6 – ways to avoid workplace discrimination
Q 6. What are the ways through which a company can avoid
workplace discrimination at their workplace?
Frequency
a) Develop rules and policies 15
b) Provide training to employees 5
c) Encourage equality and diversity 10
d) All of the above 20
a) Develop
rules and
policies
b) Provide
training to
employees
c) Encourage
equality and
diversity
d) All of the
above
0
4
8
12
16
20
15
5
10
20
Chart Title
Interpretation – According to most of the respondents there are several ways to avoid
discrimination at workplace such as developing rules and policies, providing training as well
as encouraging equality and diversity.
RESEARCH OUTCOMES
Covered in PPT
RECOMMENDATION
By conducting evaluation of above mentioned topic it is determined that for a
company it is essential to develop workplace environment which follow equality and
diversity at the workplace. In respect of this there are several recommendations for them
which include how a company avoid workplace discrimination at workplace. It include
providing training and development session for the employees so that they know how to

manage work in diverse situation and people. In addition to this company also need to
conduct analysis as well as develop policies, rules and regulations accordingly so that
workplace discrimination can be avoid successfully. Along with this, company also need to
set strict punishment for those who not obey the rules and regulations for avoiding workplace
discrimination.
REFLECTION
I am very happy that I get the opportunity for conducting research on such a vast topic
i.e. equality and diversity in which I analyse that how workplace discrimination impact on the
working of a company. In respect of this, I can create research aim as well as objectives
which appropriately assess entire theme in better way. Likewise, I utilized writing survey for
dissecting different writers and researchers see point with respect to specific subject. This
will help me in portraying and seeing every theme which are needed for finishing the
examination report. For this, I dissected examination strategy which is one of the particular
technique and technique that can be utilized by me in choosing, distinguishing, handling and
inspecting entire information with respect to specific subject. These all things help me in
increase my understanding related to topic which help in future career objective.
RECOMMENDATION OF ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
In this research researcher is adopting questionnaire method in order to gather
authenticate and proper information or data. But while gathering information they go through
several issues which impact on their performance as well as outcome. In respect of this,
researcher of this research can adopt alternative research methodology which help in
gathering information or data in more effective manner. In respect of this, they may conduct
interview as that will help in collecting deep as well as proper information related to topic
successfully.
CONCLUSION
By analysing the topics which are explained above it can be analyse that for every
company it is essential to conduct analysis and ensure that there is proper equality and
diversity at the workplace. It is so because that help in attaining the desire goal as well as
objectives and it also motivate employees which increase their performance. On the other
hand workplace discrimination at the workplace directly impact on the performance of staffs