Implementation of Ethical Decision Making: A Management Perspective

This essay delves into the critical importance of ethical decision-making within leadership and management contexts. It defines ethical decision-making as a process of evaluating choices based on ethical principles to meet demands effectively. The study underscores the significance of ethical considerations in managerial practices, highlighting the steps involved in ethical decision-making, such as establishing facts, assessing legality and ethics, identifying options and consequences, evaluating choices, selecting the best option, and implementing the decision. The essay emphasizes the role of ethical decision-making in developing leadership qualities, with a focus on how managers, as effective decision-makers, must align their strategies with organizational goals. It also examines the factors affecting a manager's decision-making process, including certainty, risk, problem definition, and alternative selection. A literature review supports the discussion, reviewing ethical decision-making's impact on managerial practice and the importance of skills for leaders and managers. It further explores the significance of management in organizations, the impact of personality on decision-making, and the dimensions used to measure the effectiveness of ethical decision-making, providing a comprehensive overview of the subject.

Running head: IMPLEMENTATION OF ETHICAL DECISION MAKING
IMPLEMENTATION OF ETHICAL DECISION MAKING
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1IMPLEMENTATION OF ETHICAL DECISION MAKING
Introduction:
The term ethical decision making refers to the process of evaluating and selecting
among the alternate choices in such a manner that it abides by the ethical principal and also is
eligible to meet the criteria of the demand. The term ethical means something that is within
the limitation in an effective manner and has maintained proper strategies and systems to
meet the requirement in nature (Ford&Richardson, 2013). An ethical decision helps the
decision maker to benefit from the selection that they have made. It does not involve any risk
or harm to the person or the situation on which the decision has been made. The ethical
decision making helps the decision maker to select among the various situation that has put
them in dilemma (Shapiro, Stefkovich& Gutierrez, 2014). Thus it is very important to make a
proper and justifies decision in terms with the required situation and condition. There are
various steps involved in the decision making process such as:Establishing the fact in a
situation, decide whether the situation is legal or ethical, and identifying the option and
possible consequences, evaluating the options, choosing the best possible option,
implementing the decision.
These common steps are must while taking a decision that has to be considered ethical.
The ethical decision making can save the individual from facing various consequences that
could have harmed the person in various ways (Craft, 2013). Thus ethical decision making
has to be considered by everyone. The study will typically discuss about the importance of
ethical decision making and its impact in the process. The decision making process builds the
inner quality of an individual and thus helps them to become a better and wise person.
As leadership and management are activities that include decision making and making
change, thus it can be said that an effective leader or manager has to be an effective decision
maker.

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The manager must strive to focus on the method of setting and achieving the targets
set by the organization. However to reach the target they have to make sure that they are
using effective measures and one among that is ethical decision making (Yeager, 2015). The
decision making policy in the leaders makes a significant creativity in the leaders. The factors
that affect the decision making of the manager are as follow: Certainty, risk, definition of the
problem, identifying the limitation, developing potential alternatives, selecting the
alternative.
The leader has to make sure that the decision that they are making is abiding by the
requirement for the company or organization and is affectively working for it. The leader
must know what is best suited for the organization and what will be the best alternative for
the decision. The manager or the leaders is the person who has to decide on behalf of the
entire organization, thus they have to make sure that they are taking effective decision in an
efficient manner (Crossan, Mazutis&Seijts, 2013). The manager will show the correct
decision making process to the followers who will show them the accurate way to handle
situation by themselves in the future and take relative decisions.
Literature review:
Review on ethical decision making and its importance are as follow:
Ethical decision making relates to effective managerial practise- Decision making plays a
vital role in management. It is perhaps the most important component in a manager life. The
role of the manager is to manage the organization in an efficient manner and among the
efficiency the decision making process plays a vital role. According to Crossan, Mazutis
andSeijts (2013) there are many decisions that has to be taken by the organization which is
done by the manager who works on behalf of the entire system. The decision has a direct
impact result time, cost, feelings and work. The decision making process included many
phases that has to be considered by every individual while taking a decision. The good

3IMPLEMENTATION OF ETHICAL DECISION MAKING
management skill says that it is always the best thing to take a decision and stick to it.
the manager should have proper decision making skill that allows one to ascertain the
problem and come up with a better solution that proves it be beneficial to the company
and its employees was said by Craft (2013). As per Yeager (2015) it is believed that
decision making is a process that is regarded the cognitive method resulting in the selection
of a thought or action among various other actions. Every decision making process has a
final selection that decides to select the best choice for the organization and it is expected
that it will benefit the organization. The decision making process determines the capability
of the manager to out show their skills to become an efficient manager and explore their
managerial skills. The manager who is responsible for the maintenance of the organization
must abide by the common skills that are required to build a proper organizational system.
Important skill required to promote the leaders or manager- the managers form the core
centre of an organization. They are the vital part of an organization without whom it would
be difficult to run an organization. Manager have a vision of what can be achieved from a
particular decision making and what decision they should make. They are well aware of
every single step that will benefit the organization and help them to grow. According to
Hartman, DesJardins& MacDonald, (2014) the role of a manager is to guide the entire
organization in such a way that will benefit the organization and the employees working
there. The manager is responsible for every single high and low situation faced by the
organization. Thus they play an extremely important part. The primary reason behind the
success of the organization a rete decision and working pattern of a manager. The manager
determines whether the organization will succeed or fail in terms of achieving the desired
goals in the organization. It was said by Goodall, (2014) that the job description of a manager
is to integrate function and department for the implementation. The manager is responsible
for every single action taken by the organization. It the decision of the manager that

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determines the working of the organization. The manger must have few skills that will help
them to build a proper platform for the company such as: technical skill, human skill,
conceptual skill. These skills are very important for the organization as the manager will be
able to taken justified decision to for the organization. The conceptual skill helps the manager
to visualize the entire organization and work with ideas and relationship between the abstract
concepts (Pitesa&Thau, 2013). The human skills helps to build a relation among the workers
and help them to meet their target in the organization. It includes communication with the
workers sorting their problems and helping them to survive in the organization. As per
Goodall, (2014) the manager’s role and job description they are one of the most important
factor in an organization that takes up the responsibility of the workers, organization,
departments, implementation of plans, taking decisions and making the organization reach its
goal successfully. Thus it is very important for an organization to have a manager. The
managers who are responsible for the department are generally informed by the subordinates
who are inform the manager and help them to take decision accordingly. They must have a
better understanding of the situation and relate the best possible outcome of the situation.
They must know what decision will be best suited for the organization. They should also have
a better idea about the possible risks that are related to the decision thus protecting the
organization from any harmful situation.
Importance of management in an organization: the term management is directly related
with the role of manager. The manager is the person who is responsible for the proper
management system in an organization. The well maintenance and proper structuring of an
organization is completely dependent on the management system of the organization. It helps
the organization to reach the goal successfully. The management system in an organization
makes sure to arrange the factors for production, assemble and organize the resources,
integrates them in an effective manner to achieve goals. This would help the organization to

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save time, money and effort (Cianci et al., 2014). The entire process of management includes
planning, organizing, staffing, leading and directing an organization in the desired path that
helps them to achieve their goal. The management system in an organization gets the workers
together thus motivating and encouraging them to work together in an efficient manner. The
efficiency in management will get reflected to the behaviour of the workers who are working
for the organization. The term management is responsible for creating a better scope for the
business to grow and expand in an effective manner (Ferrell&Fraedrich, 2015).
Importance of personality in decision making- the ethics in an individual help them to
understand between the right and wrong decision that they are taking. The decision that the
manager is taking in the organization has to make sure that they are following by the ethics
and culture of the company. The decision that are taken by the individual must follow by the
moral of the company and must be influenced by the culture of the organization. This
judgement can be easily done with the help of ethics (Ferrell&Fraedrich, 2015). The ethical
behaviour and corporate concerns helps the organization in various ways such as: they
attract the customers towards the firm and thus there is a rise in sale and profit of the
company. Attract the employees and give them a better reason to stay with the
company. Attract the investors to stay in the company and keep the share price high
hence protecting the business from takeovers. The large business organization that has
already made a fame in the market has to maintain their own ethics to keep up their
reputation in the market. The companies who have loyal customers only for their brad quality
and personal ethics maintenance must follow by their ethics to keep up their position in the
market. If these companies lose their reputation in the market, the popularity that they had
achieved among the users will be lost and thus they will have the similar position in the
market (Singhapakdi et al., 2013). The business organization that are not following any
ethical codes or carrying out any responsibility will face wider consequences that will have a

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negative impact in the business profit and sale in the market. Thus it is very important to
maintain ethics in the organization.
The five dimensions that are used to identify the measures of the effectiveness of ethical
decision making are :
Extraversion Vs introversion: the manager must be extrovert who will be able to
communicate and mix with the workers who are working under him. The manager should
build a relation with them to create a bond and convince them to work efficiently. Thus to
manage the workers and convince them to work to meet the target the manager has to be
extrovert.
Agreeableness Vs antagonism: the manager must know where to agree and where he should
be saying a ‘no’. it will not be a fruitful work to agree to each and every decision of the
employees or other officials. However, at the same time the managers are expected to make
an ethical choice to the options and then agree to the fact.
Conscientiousness Vs lack of direction: the manger si expected to be conscientious about the
decisions and selections that he will be taking to improve, manage and coordinate the
workers and run the company. The behaviour of the manager will determine the scope for
company to explore and expand.
Neuroticism Vs emotional stability: the manager must have an emotional stability. He should
be able to decide and select based on practical factors instead of making personal choices.
Thus, the emotional stability is highly required for a manager to make ethical decision and
proper selection.
Openness Vs closeness to experience: the manager who has to deal with the co workers and
the clients must make sure that he is open and free to communicate with the workers and
understand their demands and requirement. Based on the requirements the manager has to

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take decisions. Thus, the ethical decision-making is highly dependent on the nature of the
manager..
If I am considered to be a manager in some organization then I have to consider few steps
that I must implement in my behaviour. Being a person, I am less talkative and tend to stay
aloof from others. I am sincere with my job role and works however; there are few
considerations that I must take up to become an efficient manager. I need to become more
bold and strong in order to develop the perfect managerial skills in myself. As a person, I
have to be more open and emotionally stable. I do agree with others decision but I have to be
more careful to take beneficial decisions for the organization and make a change in the
system. I am self -dependant person who remains firm with decision making however, at
adverse situations I take help and considerations from others to make the proper decision for
myself. This will help me to take accurate decision for the organization and maintain my
bonding with my co -workers. I have very scope for conflicting with others and my tendency
for cooperation is extremely strong. This means that when it comes to group work then I will
be able to work efficiently with my co workers.
Plan:
The plan that can develop skills and ability in the manager to make them capable of taking
ethical decisions are as follow:
Reviewing the fact  Gathering of the
facts
 Assumption of fact,
motivation, action
 Providing

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reasonable benefit
about the fact.
Resources Using of available
resources
 Discussing the
issue with the
manager
 Taking legal,
ethical, HR to
resolve issues.
 Researching the
blue book and
relevant policies.
 Contacting the
ethical helpline.
Issues Consideration of the
issues
 Confidence in
identifying the
issues that would
affect the decision
 Complete
understanding of
the issues
 Consideration of
issue form every
side and
perspective
 Assuring if there is

9IMPLEMENTATION OF ETHICAL DECISION MAKING
any requirement for
subject matter
expert for
understanding the
issue.
Options Thought about the
options carefully
 Consideration of all
the different
possible courses of
action that the
decision maker
might take.
 Balancing the need
for a quick action
form the one who
are available
 Confident about
choosing the best
course
 Seeking help from
the subject matter
expert where
needed.
Consequences Consideration of the
consequences
 Thinking about the
consequences of
the action that the

10IMPLEMENTATION OF ETHICAL DECISION MAKING
decision maker is
planning to take.
 Considering how
the choice will
affect the stake
holders in the
decision making.
 Considering how
the action would
affect the other
people present in
the organization.
 Thinking of
addressing the
people.
Time test Whether the decision
stand the test of time
 The decision maker
must be confident
to explain the
action if it becomes
public
 Considering
whether the
decision making is
too close to the line
or not

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 Whether the
decision is
grounded in a basic
case
 Looking back on
the decision and
believing that
whether the
decision was
correct or not.
Figure: Table that shows the required developing skills for ethical decision making
Source: Author
Evaluation:
Thus it can be said that this chart can be followed by the decision maker or the
manager to take ethical decision in the organization. He has to consider all the vital areas
before taking the decision. The area that has been discussed must have a reply yes to make
the decision ethically sound, however if the decision is no then the decision maker must stop
there immediately and reconsider the elements carefully before proceeding (Cianci et al.,
2014). This chart must be maintained by every manager in an organization to make justified
and ethical decision that will help the organization to make necessary decisions that would
benefit the organization.
A common approach fir decision making is creating systems that are designed to
support managers by making things more objective. The managers are considered to be
effective of their decisions are highly benefitting the organization and making beneficial

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changes to the organization. The information that are available with the help of technology
and recent trends helps the manager with valid source and information that effects the
decision making standard of the organization. The manager has to find the difference between
the scope of success and failures to make sure that the decision that they are taking are valid
and has a proper result after this. However it is expected that if a manager is following the
above mention skills to develop their decision making strategy then they can be assured a
success in their work life. They will have a higher scope of success and the risk of failure will
be reduced for such cases.
Conclusion:
Thus it can be concluded with this thought that the use of proper skill and strategy
will help the manager to take proper decision that will benefit the organization. The
organization is always dependent on the manager who is supposed to take care of the
decisions and steps taken by the organization and maintain them accordingly.The analysis
was undertaken to understand the importance of ethical decision making in an organization.
the study has mainly focused on the fact that the decision making by the manager is the core
centre as the manager is the heart of the organization and it is very important to understand
the importance of decision making for him. However before considering the organization, the
manager must consider his own strategies. The decision making skills of a manager must be
accurate and proper and thus it will help the organization to grow further and achieve the
goals. Thus the discussion can be concluded with this thought that the use of strategic and
ethical decision making strategy the manager can develop the organization.After completion
of the study the final conclusion that was learnt from the study was that the manager who
forms the core centre of the organization plays an important role and they must assure a
proper maintenance of the organization through their decision making skills. The need for

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proper decision making strategy and its consequences has been discussed in the study and
how it effects the organization.