Exploring Challenges in Improving the Reliability of Hybrid Cars

This report explores the challenges in improving the reliability of hybrid cars, focusing on their advantages over petrol engine cars and their environmental impact. It addresses research questions related to the reliability levels of hybrid cars, their significance to the environment, and the extent to which electric cars are more environmentally friendly. The report delves into various aspects such as fuel efficiency, environmental friendliness, braking systems, and the use of lighter materials in hybrid vehicles. It also discusses the different types of hybrid cars, including mild hybrid, full hybrid, and plug-in hybrid, and their respective features. The analysis highlights the growing demand for electric cars and their positive contribution to improving air quality, making this document a valuable resource for understanding the current trends and challenges in the automotive industry. Desklib provides additional past papers and solved assignments for students seeking further assistance.

Formative Task 1 - Project Proposal
and Work Plan
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Table of Contents
Topic: Challenges in improving the reliability of hybrid cars.........................................................3
1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................3
1.1. Research rationale...........................................................................................................3
1.2. Research questions..........................................................................................................4
2. Main Body...................................................................................................................................4
2.1. In what level the hybrid cars are more reliable than petrol engine cars?........................4
2.2. What is major use and significance of hybrid cars to the our surroundings?..................6
2.3. In what extent, how the electrical cars are more environmentally friendly than others? 8
3. Conclusion...................................................................................................................................9
References.....................................................................................................................................10
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Topic: Challenges in improving the reliability of hybrid cars
1. Introduction
Global use of automotive industries which have recently switched and make development
trends from the effective traditional and mechanical components. The use of electric vehicles are
gaining more effective for managing several factors. The automotive industry has become one of
the most world-wide industries which are economic level and make effective terms in research
and development (Brémond and et.al., 2021). In addition, there is a greater need for number of
vehicles which are basically on roads and allow to move quickly and make comfortable. The use
of hybrid cars are very effective as it will be helpful in challenging growth and work
appropriately to manage different zero emission, make simplicity, having reliable data, cost,
comfortable data, efficiency and accessibility to manage effective growth (The Hybrid
Challenge, 2021). It further helpful in managing challenges and provide a significant growth in
gaining more information about the topic. In the research it is analysed that in upcoming years
the use of effective important role in different smart cities, shared the growth of mobility and
make appropriate development in different factors.
There are different kind of benefits which are helpful for getting effective research,
reopen the growth of opportunities and make valuable reliability of hybrid cars. Some of the
challenges are related to batteries, communication and AI platform in electrical vehicles, eco
charging facilities and make improvement in the charging process. All are related to work and
achieve higher efficiency after analysing and improving the challenges which are discussed
above (Aykol and et.al., 2021). This report covers the basic introduction and rationale of the
chosen topic and the three main questions will analyse that helps to elaborate the topic.
Furthermore, a detailed description of the questions and a concise conclusion will be included in
this study. These information are helpful for completing research plan and make a detailed
investigation in respective title.
1.1. Research rationale
The reason for choosing this topic is related to mechanical engineering and the passion of
cars. Another things which are beneficial and related to rationale for analysing how to made
hybrid cars and know more about the hybrid cars and their processing facilities. Furthermore, In
my coursework of mechanical engineering, the most important thing is related to work in
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graduation and work effectively in the decided projects (Balaji and et.al., 2021). So, the another
reason for choosing this is to know more about the petrol engines and there going extinct to
make a change in the present study.
1.2. Research questions
 In what level the hybrid cars are more reliable than petrol engine cars?
 What is major use and significance of hybrid cars to the our surroundings?
 In what extent, how the electrical cars are more environmentally friendly than others?
2. Main Body
2.1. In what level the hybrid cars are more reliable than petrol engine cars?
As per the view of Allan (2020), hybrid cars are more effective and reliable than the
petrol cars as per the new informative data. There are different challenges which are faced by the
consumer and company as well to sell their hybrid cars as people are facing issues. But still the
issues which are faced by the companies over past petrol cars were the only related to fuel
availability to the power. But after the introduction of hybrid cars are uses as a combination of
traditional fuel and electricity which have been produced and make more recently vehicles which
have been work as an option (Ding and Li, 2021). Most of the companies are now opting future
proof cards and this can be done by introducing variety of petrol, hybrid and electric vehicles.
They have their own advantages, disadvantages which are helpful and effective for managing
platform and provide a significant growth in the use of more reliable efficiency in hybrid and
reliable car engines.
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The use of hybrid cars are increasingly popular with the car makers and buyers to
improve fuel economy which are lower CO2 to make emissions as a diesel prices are falling out
of the favor. There are different type of companies are used which are helpful for make a family
hatchbacks like Toyota, Volvo, Honda and other sectors which are related to every segment and
growth (Ma and et.al., 2021). The main reason for being reliable in nature of hybrid cars are
related to despite the apparent extra complexity and make suggestions to use petrol and diesel
systems. Hybrid cars generally use a CVT transmission and does not have the a clutch to make a
resistant factors to wear the process of hybrid cars. It is beneficial for managing and complicated
to make hybrid systems for managing power inverted and make software to control the process
in an effective ways. It is further associated to the different factors that helps in considering
major analysis and work effectively into the market and gain hybrid to use less dependable
factors than other type of factors (Hybrid cars are more reliable than petrol or diesel, 2020).
In market there are wide range of hybrid cars some of them are related to mild hybrid,
full hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars. These are explained further:
Mild Hybrid: These are related to make a Fiat Panda Hybrid which basically use as an
integrated starter with small battery. They are not able to operate independently of engine but
offer the small boost factors in torque acceleration process to allow the engine and cut down the
coasting process.
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Illustration 1: Hybrid cars are more reliable than petrol or diesel, 2020

Full Hybrid: These are work as self-charging hybrids, the main feature of these cars are
they have large battery and powerful electric motors in an effective and appropriate manner. The
use of capabilities and showing the cars on their own basis. This system is used drive the car and
particularly make a town to achieve assistance for engine and make at its least efficient factors.
There are different batteries which are work and make changed via different recuperation and
make combustion in low load situations (Mohammadzadeh and Gharehchopogh, 2021).
Plug in hybrid: These are related to full hybrid cards but the have larger batteries that
can be charged on the same method into the home of public charging points. There larger
batteries are allow to cover 20 to 40 miles on electric cars as per charge. Once the battery is
depleted they are able to make in more effective and appropriate ways to make a full hybrid car.
All of these situations are needed to be analyses for work effectively and make sure to
analyses systematic growth over the period of time and gain higher efficiency in addressing the
challenge and provide a growth in the hybrid cars over the petrol cars. There are different
trending markets which are needed to be rise and gain popularity of electric and hybrid cars to
work and approach for more significant and effective manners (Qi and et.al., 2021).
Furthermore, the use of appropriate plans and make electrified version and its every models by
the end of 2030. The companies like ford, jaguar and Toyota for make similar pledges.
Meanwhile the committed ending process for sales and new ways to promote the cars by the end
of 2040 and it will considering the bring and make date forward.
2.2. What is major use and significance of hybrid cars to the our surroundings?
As per the view of Rathnayake (2021), The use of hybrid vehicles are effective and use
as a stepping stone to the future use, it will be helpful for most challenging and make a carbon
neutral processing activities in one of the best and suitable possible factors. Most of the
automotive companies are able to just make an internal environment for the combustion engine
and make a drive system for make an electric motors. It is basically related to provide a driving
facilities and situations to work with hybrid vehicle with optimum drive and factors. The
another importance of using fuel consumption is to 15 to 50% for make lower depending on the
type of vehicle (Ribet and et.al., 2021). This will be helpful to apply to especially to drive in
cities and make lot of stop and go in the automotive industry. It is further analyses that the use of
petrol engines to the power of electric motor, can combine their power to vehicle itself. The
major advantages and uses of the hybrid cars are explained below:
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 Hybrid vehicles are more environment friendly: These type of vehicles are more
friendly nature to combine fuel with electronic capabilities. It is basically associated with
simply with less fuel on whole for the result to achieve higher efficiencies in getting
beneficial activities in lowering emissions. Perfect for city driving: It is analyses that the less fuel on the whole as a result for
managing effective tends to have better gas mileage. It is basically the people are related
to make regular engine but energy efficient. The drivers are the regular engine to make
more energy efficient (Singh and et.al., 2021). It is basically beneficial for managing to
need to refuel the driving sources as the same journey. Efficient brake are applied: Hybrids are also have different regeneration braking to
make every brake and its applied. It helps in managing and recharging the battery whilst
on the time going. It is helpful in considering different sources and applied to the major
applicability in different sources and applicable data management process (Wang and
et.al., 2021). More environment friendly options: With the use of hybrid cars the use of possible and
tax incentives the applicability of government and local authorities are able to encourage
and make sure to choose the more environment friendly options. It is beneficial and
varies form region to region and include the role of exemptions from different congestion
charges. In the UK based businesses, the hybrid vehicle the company use and written off
to allowable deduction in more efficient manner. Cost is cheaper than others: With the use of continuous increase in price of gasoline and
more oils, it is analyses that the hybrid vehicle are the one who are responsible to make
more effective cheaper due to better fuel economy (Telang and et.al., 2021). It is further
related to commanding the higher use of averages and resale the values in more effective
and appropriate ways. Using lighter materials: The use of hybrid vehicles are made up of lighter materials with
the use of engine and smaller and lighter in amount. This will be beneficial for engine the
smaller and make much weightier. It is beneficial for idle, the use of engine in hybrid
vehicles are automatically shut down to capture the kinetic energy and become a part of
regenerative braking process (Hybrids vs Electric vs Petrol, 2021).
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2.3. In what extent, how the electrical cars are more environmentally friendly than others?
As per the view point of Saheli Roy Choudhury (2021), The growing concern for the
environment around the globe is leading to the increasing demand of the electric car. The use of
electric cars positively contribute to the environment effectiveness. The major contribution of the
electric car is that they helps in positively contributing towards improving air quality in the
cities. With no usage of tailpipe, pure electric cars does not produces carbon dioxide emission
which automatically lead to reducing air pollution(Xu and et.al., 2021). The growing demand of
electric is considered to be major contributors towards the sustainability of the environment
around the globe. In general terms, use of electric cars makes the streets cleaners as well as out
towns cities a more better place for general community. It is analysed that generally one electric
car lead to saving an average of around 1.5 million grams of CO2. It is also determined that the
UK government is effectively focusing on increasing the number of electric cars on the roads,
there is also planning of banning sale of petrol and diesel cars by the year 2040. in addition to
this the government is also focusing on reducing the carbon emission to zero by 2050. The
electric car are considered to one of the major contributors towards sustainability of the
environment, also help in protecting the environment for unwanted and harmful practices. The
electric cars helps in creating low carbon footprints over the overall course of the lifetime. Many
electric grids around the globe is still powered by the fossil fuel like coal or oil as well as Evs
depending on that particular energy to get charged. It is analyzed that the EV battery production
remain an energy intensive procedure around globe. And it is analyzed that that with the current
situation prevailing around the world, the electric cars are far better with present grid(Yaseen,
2021).
The electric cars in US is effectively emitting around 200 grams of carbon dioxide per
mile as well as the non plug in hybrid cars emitting around 275 grams of carbon dioxide per
miles. It is also determined that the carbon emission of an electric car is considered to be around
17- 30% less than driving a petrol or diesel car. The emission from the electricity is also
enhanced while low carbon electricity is being taken into consideration. The plug in hybrids
joins an electric cars with a traditional fuel engine and create some emission during a drive
effectively. The green credentials of these hybrid mainly depended on the journey is being
driven on the electric cars. The main benefits of electric cars or vehicles is the it lead to
generating lower emission in comparison to the cars running on fossil fuels, regardless of the
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sources that leads to generating the electricity. The growing use of these also helps in emitting
less amount of greenhouse gases and air pollution in comparison to petrol or diesel cars. This
also helps in positively contributing to the environment sustainability(Zhang and et.al., 2021).
3. Conclusion
From the above report, it is analysed that the use of hybrid vehicle is beneficial for
managing the environment friendly approach. It is associated to work and applied to the market.
It is further analysed that the use of appropriate challenges and its possibilities to work
effectively into the market s needed to regain the challenges and overcome them with effective
use of significant and their environment friendly approaches. It is analysed that the use of
reducing the cost of production in hybrid vehicle are associated to the OEM and use different
suppliers to face big hurdles. There are future market growth to work and helps in manufacturing
the hybrid-electric market and make different models. Furthermore the use of managing to
increase dramatically and being segmented growth in hybrid vehicles. In the UK market, there
are different companies which are using the high level significant of hybrid electronic vehicle
and provide systematic growth. These are in last associated to the emissions of performance,
environment friendly approaches and use of effective analysis in the UK based automotive
markets. In last it is analysed that this research provide a significant growth and possibilities to
work and achieve higher efficiencies level to complete the work and achieve higher level of
results in more effective and appropriate ways.
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